PARP1 recruits DNA translocases to restrain DNA replication and facilitate DNA repair.

Replication fork reversal which restrains DNA replication progression is an important protective mechanism in response to replication stress. PARP1 is recruited to stalled forks to restrain DNA replication. However, PARP1 has no helicase activity, and the mechanism through which PARP1 participates in DNA replication restraint remains unclear. Here, we found novel protein-protein interactions between PARP1 and DNA translocases, including HLTF, SHPRH, ZRANB3, and SMARCAL1, with HLTF showing the strongest interaction among these DNA translocases. Although HLTF and SHPRH share structural and functional similarity, it remains unclear whether SHPRH contains DNA translocase activity. We further identified the ability of SHPRH to restrain DNA replication upon replication stress, indicating that SHPRH itself could be a DNA translocase or a helper to facilitate DNA translocation. Although hydroxyurea (HU) and MMS induce different types of replication stress, they both induce common DNA replication restraint mechanisms independent of intra-S phase activation. Our results suggest that the PARP1 facilitates DNA translocase recruitment to damaged forks, preventing fork collapse and facilitating DNA repair.

Metal-Organic Frameworks-Based Frustrated Lewis Pairs for Selective Reduction of Nitroolefins to Nitroalkanes.

Nitroalkanes serve as essential intermediates in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and functional materials. To date, nitroalkanes are mainly prepared from homogeneous catalysts such as noble transition metal catalysts with poor recyclability. Herein, we propose a metal-organic framework-frustrated Lewis pair (MOF-FLP) heterogeneous catalyst for selectively reducing nitroolefins to nitroalkanes under moderate reaction conditions. MOF enrichment effect can significantly improve the catalytic efficiency compared to homogeneous FLP catalysts. Benefiting from the strong interaction between FLP and MOF, the MOF-FLP catalyst exhibits outstanding recyclability. This work not only provides a convenient route for nitroalkane synthesis but also showcases the potential of porous heterogeneous FLP catalysts, offering inspiration for future catalytic design strategies.

Melatonin in cancer biology: pathways, derivatives, and the promise of targeted delivery.

Melatonin, historically recognized for its primary role in regulating circadian rhythms, has expanded its influence particularly due to its wide range of biological activities. It has firmly established itself in cancer research. To highlight its versatility, we delved into how melatonin interacts with key signaling pathways, such as the Wnt/ß-Catenin, PI3K, and NF-κB pathways, which play foundational roles in tumor development and progression. Notably, melatonin can intricately modulate these pathways, potentially affecting various cellular functions such as apoptosis, metastasis, and immunity. Additionally, a comprehensive review of current clinical studies provides a dual perspective. These studies confirm melatonin's potential in cancer management but also underscore its inherent limitations, particularly its limited bioavailability, which often relegates it to a supplementary role in treatments. Despite this limitation, there is an ongoing quest for innovative solutions and current advancements include the development of melatonin derivatives and cutting-edge delivery systems. By synthesizing the past, present, and future, this review provides a detailed overview of melatonin's evolving role in oncology, positioning it as a potential cornerstone in future cancer therapeutics.

Transfer-Imprinting-Assisted Growth of 2D/3D Perovskite Heterojunction for Efficient and Stable Flexible Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells.

2D/3D perovskite heterostructures show great potential to boost efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, a solvent-free transfer-imprinting-assisted growth (TIAG) method is employed to in situ grow 2D/3D perovskite heterojunctions. The solid-state transfer of spacer cation by the TIAG process enables a spatially confined growth of the 2D perovskite interlayer with uniform morphology between the 3D perovskites and charge transport layer. Meanwhile, the pressure associated with the TIAG process promotes the crystalline orientation, which is beneficial to carrier transport. As a result, the inverted PSC achieved a PCE of 23.09% (with certified 22.93%) and maintained 90% of their initial PCE after aging at 85 °C for 1200 h or operating for 1100 h under continuous AM 1.5 illumination. Flexible inverted PSCs achieved a PCE of 21.14% with mechanical robustness by maintaining above 80% of their initial PCE after 10000 bending cycles under a 3 mm bending radius.

Clinical Assessment of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Diffuse Glioma: Insights Into Histological Grading and IDH Classification.

PURPOSE: To assess the diagnostic utility of clinical magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in distinguishing between histological grading and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) classification in adult diffuse gliomas. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 247 patients diagnosed with adult diffuse glioma. Experienced radiologists evaluated DWI and MRS images. The Kruskal-Wallis test examined differences in DWI and MRS-related parameters across histological grades, while the Mann-Whitney U test assessed molecular classification. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves evaluated parameter effectiveness. Survival curves, stratified by histological grade and IDH classification, were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier test. RESULTS: The cohort comprised 141 males and 106 females, with ages ranging from 19 to 85 years. The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed significant differences in ADC mean, Cho/NAA, and Cho/Cr concerning glioma histological grade (P < .01). Subsequent application of Dunn's test showed significant differences in ADC mean among each histological grade (P < .01). Notably, Cho/NAA exhibited a marked distinction between grade 2 and grade 3/4 gliomas (P < .01). The Mann-Whitney U test indicated that only ADC mean showed statistical significance for IDH molecular classification (P < .01). ROC curves were constructed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the specified parameters. Survival curves were also delineated to portray survival outcomes categorized by histological grade and IDH classification. Conclusions: Clinical MRS demonstrates efficacy in glioma histological grading but faces challenges in IDH classification. Clinical DWI's ADC mean parameter shows significant distinctions in both histological grade and IDH classification.

Coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with malignancy: a single-institute case series of eight patients.

BACKGROUND: The surgical strategy among patients with malignancy and coronary artery disease (CAD) remains controversial. In this study, we present the experiences of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with malignancy and analyzed the treatment outcomes. METHODS: From January 2011 to October 2021, eight patients combined with coronary artery disease and malignancy, six of them with three-vessel disease and two with anterior descending branch lesions on coronary angiography. The age ranged from 54 to 73 years (61.8 ± 7.7years). Four patients underwent CABG and staging for surgical oncology, and 2 patients underwent CABG and surgical oncology simultaneously. Four patients underwent CABG procedure with cardiopulmonary bypass (on-pump CABG), and the other patients underwent the procedure without cardiopulmonary bypass (off-pump CABG). All patients were followed up for 3 to 96 months (40.4 ± 31.5 months) postoperatively. RESULTS: The mean number of grafts was 2.6 ± 1.1, there was no in-hospital death, postoperative myocardial infarction, and stroke. Among the eight patients, one patient received chemotherapy and radiation before bypass surgery, which occurred postoperatively pulmonary infection, and the rest of 7 patients had no major adverse cardiovascular events during follow-up periods. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of the present study, simultaneous or staged CABG and oncologic surgery according to the TNM stage of the tumor and cardiac assessment is an effective treatment for patients with severe CAD combined with malignancy.

Omnidirectional light absorption enhancement of perovskite solar cells by an antireflection film with holographic lithography microstructures.

We report an omnidirectional light absorption enhancement of a perovskite solar cell (PSC) using antireflection (AR) film with soft imprinted microstructures from master molds via holographic lithography technology, which has high throughput and repeatability. The PSC's omnidirectional power conversion efficiency (PCE) enhancement is achieved by reducing Fresnel surface reflections and enhancing the optical path length. The maximum PCE of PSCs with AR film is up to 20.27%, corresponding to an absolute increase of 0.93% compared to 19.34% of control devices. Significantly, the enhancements of PCE increase with incident angle enlargement, which attributes to more effective Fresnel surface reflection suppression. Moreover, AR films exhibit water and dust repellent properties due to hydrophobicity, which is beneficial for PSC's long-term stability and light harvesting.

Performance of Dual-Source CT in Calculi Component Analysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 2151 Calculi.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) in the component analysis of all types of calculi by doing a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and CNKI up to February 28, 2020, for in vivo studies investigating the performance of DSCT in the component analysis of calculi. We pooled the sensitivity, specificity, and areas under the summary receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves using a random-effect model in the meta-analysis. Publication bias was evaluated using Deek's funnel plot asymmetry test. RESULTS: This analysis included a total of 37 studies in 1840 patients with 2151 calculi (462 uric acid [UA], 1383 calcium oxalate [CaOx], 55 cystine [Cys], 197 hydroxyapatite [HA], and 54 struvite [SV]). Using DSCT, the pooled accuracy for diagnosing UA (sensitivity, 0.95; specificity, 0.99), CaOx (0.98; 0.93), Cys (0.99; 0.99), HA (0.91; 0.99), and SV (0.42; 0.98) was calculated, respectively. The AUROC value was 0.99, 0.99, 1.00, 0.99, and 0.93, respectively. The P values for publication bias test were .49, .70, .07, .04, and .19, respectively. CONCLUSION: Dual-source computed tomography has high sensitivity and specificity for the component analysis of UA, CaOx, Cys, and HA calculi in vivo. This tool may have the potential to replace the current analysis tool in vitro in diagnosing calculi.

Loopholes in Current Infection Control and Prevention Practices Against COVID-19 in Radiology Department and Improvement Suggestions.

OBJECTIVES: To improve the infection control and prevention practices against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in radiology department through loophole identification and providing rectifying measurements. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 2 cases of health-care-associated COVID-19 transmission in 2 radiology departments and comparing the infection control and prevention practices against COVID-19 with the practices of our department, where no COVID-19 transmission has occurred. RESULTS: Several loopholes have been identified in the infection control and prevention practices against COVID-19 of the 2 radiology departments. Loopholes were in large part due to our limited understanding of the highly contagious coronavirus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which is characterized by features not observed in other SARS viruses. We recommend to set up an isolation zone for handling patients who do not meet the diagnostic criteria of COVID-19 but are not completely cleared of the possibility of infection. CONCLUSIONS: Loopholes in the infection control and prevention practices against COVID-19 of the 2 radiology departments are due to poor understanding of the emerging disease which can be fixed by establishing an isolation zone for patients not completely cleared of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Macrophage MSR1 promotes the formation of foamy macrophage and neuronal apoptosis after spinal cord injury.

BACKGROUND: A sustained inflammatory response following spinal cord injury (SCI) contributes to neuronal damage, inhibiting functional recovery. Macrophages, the major participants in the inflammatory response, transform into foamy macrophages after phagocytosing myelin debris, subsequently releasing inflammatory factors and amplifying the secondary injury. Here, we assessed the effect of macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) in phagocytosis of myelin debris after SCI and explained its possible mechanism. METHODS: The SCI model was employed to determine the critical role of MSR1 in phagocytosis of myelin debris in vivo. The potential functions and mechanisms of MSR1 were explored using qPCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence after treating macrophages and RAW264.7 with myelin debris in vitro. RESULTS: In this study, we found improved recovery from traumatic SCI in MSR1-knockout mice over that in MSR1 wild-type mice. Furthermore, MSR1 promoted the phagocytosis of myelin debris and the formation of foamy macrophage, leading to pro-inflammatory polarization in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, in the presence of myelin debris, MSR1-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway contributed to the release of inflammatory mediators and subsequently the apoptosis of neurons. CONCLUSIONS: Our study elucidates a previously unrecognized role of MSR1 in the pathophysiology of SCI and suggests that its inhibition may be a new treatment strategy for this traumatic condition.

Design and Construction of a Metal-Organic Framework as an Efficient Luminescent Sensor for Detecting Antibiotics.

We first design and synthesize a dendritic aromatic 6-carboxyl linker (H6TDCPB), which is successfully assembled with Cd(II) ion to construct a porous metal-organic framework with a raw Cd6 cluster, {[Cd3(TDCPB)·2DMAc]·DMAc·4H2O}n (namely, complex 1). More interestingly, six adjacent linkers are packed together by π-π-stacking interactions to form an amazing six-molecule accumulation in the crystal structure. By virtue of high stability and luminescent properties, the as-synthesized sample not merely owns an excellent detectable ability but also possesses an outstanding selectivity for nitrofurans with remarkable recursitivity.

Differential diagnosis of central lymphoma and high-grade glioma: dynamic contrast-enhanced histogram.

BACKGROUND: In clinical diagnosis, some central nervous system lymphomas (CNSL) are difficult to distinguish from high-grade gliomas (HGG). PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of the histogram analysis of dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the identification of CNSL and HGG. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In all, 43 patients diagnosed with HGG (n = 28) and CNSL (n = 15) by histopathology underwent DCE-MRI scanning. Differences in histogram parameters based on DCE-MRI between HGG and CNSL were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test. In addition, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed. Short-term follow-up of patients was performed using Kaplan-Meier analysis to explore the survival rates of HGG and CNSL. RESULTS: For the ROC curve analysis, we demonstrate that the 10th percentile of Ktrans (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.912, sensitivity = 86.7%, specificity = 92.9%), Kep (AUC = 0.940, sensitivity = 93.3%, specificity = 79.6%), Ve (AUC = 0.907, sensitivity = 86.7%, specificity = 89.3%), and AUC (AUC = 0.904, sensitivity = 86.7%, specificity = 92.9%) were significantly different between the CNSL and HGG groups (P < 0.001), with high diagnostic efficiency. Table 2 shows that the histogram features based on AUC maps (10th, 25th, median, 75th, 90th, and mean) were always significantly higher in the CNSL group than in the HGG group (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in Vp or in the 75th, 90th and mean of Ktrans, Kep, and Ve between the CNSL and HGG groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: A histogram analysis of DCE-MRI identified significant differences between HGG and CNSL, and this will help in the clinical differential diagnosis of these conditions.

CT Imaging and Differential Diagnosis of COVID-19.

Since the beginning of 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread throughout China. This study explains the findings from lung computed tomography images of some patients with COVID-19 treated in this medical institution and discusses the difference between COVID-19 and other lung diseases.

A Double-Walled Porous Metal-Organic Framework as a Highly Efficient Catalyst for Chemical Fixation of CO2 with Epoxides.

A double-walled MOF [Zn5(µ3-OH)2(DBTA)2(H2O)4]·solvents [1, H4DBTA = 2,2'-dihydroxy-1,1'-binaphthyl-3,3',6,6'-tetrakis(4-benzoic acid)] has been designed and constructed based on a rare Zn5 cluster. The resultant sample has enrichment of porous structure with high BET and Langmuir surface area. By virtue of multiaperture structure and plentiful catalytic sites of Brønsted (-OH) and Lewis acidic (ZnII), MOF 1 is a unique catalyst to synthesize cyclic carbonates from CO2 and epoxides with preferable repeatability.

Computed Tomography Research: Relative Anatomy of Caldwell-Luc Approach in Pterygopalatine Fossa Surgery.

With the development of endoscopic technique, Caldwell-Luc approach has more wide applications and becomes a common method of pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) surgery. Few data can be used in this approach to avoid injuring the vessels and nerves within this area. In this study, the authors used computed tomography to get the coordinates of inferior orbital fissure, foramen rotundum, sphenopalatine foramen, internal opening of pterygoid canal, the strangulation of PPF, and the greater palatine foramen with canine fossa as the origin. Parameters of 60 patients (120 observations) between 35 and 55 years who have no experience of trauma or surgery before were involved in this study. The data were analyzed by SPSS, statistical software with the comparison between sexes and sides. After calculating the relative distances and angles between these points and canine fossa, the authors get the proportions of the upper part of PPF, and the pterygopalatine canal to PPF, respectively. The authors finally got the safety surgical range. The results are meaningful to safety in surgery and complication avoidance, which can be great references in clinical applications.

Investigating the relationship between intracranial atherosclerotic plaque remodelling and diabetes using high-resolution vessel wall imaging.

BACKGROUND: Intracranial atherosclerosis, a leading cause of stroke, involves arterial plaque formation. This study explores the link between plaque remodelling patterns and diabetes using high-resolution vessel wall imaging (HR-VWI). AIM: To investigate the factors of intracranial atherosclerotic remodelling patterns and the relationship between intracranial atherosclerotic remodelling and diabetes mellitus using HR-VWI. METHODS: Ninety-four patients diagnosed with middle cerebral artery or basilar artery atherosclerosis were enrolled. Their basic clinical data were collected, and HR-VWI was performed. The vascular area at the plaque (VAMLN) and normal reference vessel (VAreference) were delineated and measured using image postprocessing software, and the Remodelling index (RI) was calculated. According to the value of the RI, the patients were divided into a positive remodelling (PR) group, intermediate remodelling (IR) group, negative remodelling (NR) group, PR group and non-PR (N-PR) group. RESULTS: The PR group exhibited a higher prevalence of diabetes and serum cholesterol levels than the IR and NR groups [45.2%, 4.54 (4.16, 5.93) vs 25%, 4.80 ± 1.22 and 16.4%, 4.14 (3.53, 4.75), respectively, P < 0.05]. The diabetes incidence was also significantly greater in the PR group than in the N-PR group (45.2% vs 17.5%, P < 0.05). Furthermore, the PR group displayed elevated serum triglyceride and cholesterol levels compared to the N-PR group [1.64 (1.23, 2.33) and 4.54 (4.16, 5.93) vs 4.54 (4.16, 5.93) and 4.24 (3.53, 4.89), P < 0.05]. Logistic regression analysis revealed diabetes mellitus as an independent influencing factor in plaque-PR [odds ratio (95% confidence interval): 3.718 (1.207-11.454), P < 0.05]. CONCLUSION: HR-VWI can clearly show the morphology and signal characteristics of intracranial vascular walls and plaques. Intracranial atherosclerotic plaques in diabetic patients are more likely to show PR, suggesting poor plaque stability and a greater risk of stroke.

Advances in diffuse glioma assessment: preoperative and postoperative applications of chemical exchange saturation transfer.

Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) is a technique that uses specific off-resonance saturation pulses to pre-saturate targeted substances. This process influences the signal intensity of free water, thereby indirectly providing information about the pre-saturated substance. Among the clinical applications of CEST, Amide Proton Transfer (APT) is currently the most well-established. APT can be utilized for the preoperative grading of gliomas. Tumors with higher APTw signals generally indicate a higher likelihood of malignancy. In predicting preoperative molecular typing, APTw values are typically lower in tumors with favorable molecular phenotypes, such as isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations, compared to IDH wild-type tumors. For differential diagnosis, the average APTw values of meningiomas are significantly lower than those of high-grade gliomas. Various APTw measurement indices assist in distinguishing central nervous system lesions with similar imaging features, such as progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, central nervous system lymphoma, solitary brain metastases, and glioblastoma. Regarding prognosis, APT effectively differentiates between tumor recurrence and treatment effects, and also possesses predictive capabilities for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).

Comparison of the Ability of Gadobenate Dimeglumine and Gadolinium Ethoxybenzyl Dimeglumine to Display the major Features for Noninvasively Diagnosing Hepatocellular Carcinoma According to the LI-RADS 2018v.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the ability of gadolinium ethoxybenzyl dimeglumine (Gd-EOB-DTPA) and gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA) to display the 3 major features recommended by the Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS 2018v) for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, we included 98 HCC lesions that were scanned with either Gd-EOB-DTPA-MR or Gd-BOPTA-M.For each lesion, we collected multiple variables, including size and enhancement pattern in the arterial phase (AP), portal venous phase (PVP), transitional phase (TP), delayed phase (DP), and hepatobiliary phase (HBP). The lesion-to-liver contrast (LLC) was measured and calculated for each phase and then compared between the 2 contrast agents. A P value < .05 was considered statistically significant. The display efficiency of the LLC between Gd-BOPTA and Gd-EOB-DTPA for HCC features was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. RESULTS: Between Gd-BOPTA and Gd-EOB-DTPA, significant differences were observed regarding the display efficiency for capsule enhancement and the LLC in the AP/PVP/DP (P < .05), but there was no significant difference regarding the LLC in the TP/HBP. Both Gd-BOPTA and Gd-EOB-DTPA had good display efficiency in each phase (AUCmin > 0.750). When conducting a total evaluation of the combined data across the 5 phases, the display efficiency was excellent (AUC > 0.950). CONCLUSION: Gd-BOPTA and Gd-EOB-DTPA are liver-specific contrast agents widely used in clinical practice. They have their own characteristics in displaying the 3 main signs of HCC. For accurate noninvasive diagnosis, the choice of agent should be made according to the specific situation.

Comparative analysis of the performance of hepatobiliary agents in depicting MRI features of microvascular infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the ability to depict MRI features of hepatobiliary agents in microvascular infiltration (MVI) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) during different stages of dynamic enhancement MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study included 111 HCC lesions scanned with either Gd-EOB-DTPA or Gd-BOPTA. All cases underwent multiphase dynamic contrast-enhanced scanning before surgery, including arterial phase (AP), portal venous phase (PVP), transitional phase (TP), delayed phase (DP), and hepatobiliary phase (HBP). Two abdominal radiologists independently evaluated MRI features of MVI in HCC, such as peritumoral hyperenhancement, incomplete capsule, non-smooth tumor margins, and peritumoral hypointensity. Finally, the results were reviewed by the third senior abdominal radiologist. Chi-square (χ2) Inspection for comparison between groups. P < 0.05 is considered statistically significant. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate correlation with pathology, and the area under the curve (AUC) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated. RESULTS: Among the four MVI evaluation signs, Gd-BOPTA showed significant differences in displaying two signs in the HBP (P < 0.05:0.000, 0.000), while Gd-EOB-DTPA exhibited significant differences in displaying all four signs (P < 0.05:0.005, 0.006, 0.000, 0.002). The results of the evaluations of the two contrast agents in the DP phase with incomplete capsulation showed the highest correlation with pathology (AUC: 0.843, 0.761). By combining the four MRI features, Gd-BOPTA and Gd-EOB-DTPA have correlated significantly with pathology, and Gd-BOPTA is better (AUC: 0.9312vs0.8712). CONCLUSION: The four features of hepatobiliary agent dynamic enhancement MRI demonstrate a good correlation with histopathological findings in the evaluation of MVI in HCC, and have certain clinical significance.