Tracking household carbon inequality in China: Composition effect or coefficient effect?

Reasonable allocation of carbon emission reduction tasks requires addressing household carbon inequality. This study aims to track characteristics of household carbon inequality in China using the recentered influence function (RIF) based on the Household Tracking Survey data in 2018 and the multi-regional input-output table. The Oaxaca-Binder decomposition based on RIF further decomposes household carbon inequality based on spatial heterogeneity into composition and coefficient effects. The results indicate that (1) household carbon inequality is widespread in China, generally close to the 60/30 distribution, favouring high-income families. Furthermore, (2) increases in income, wealth and economic burden and declining marriage rate promote household carbon inequality, which is suppressed by the development of education and the Internet and the increase in car ownership. Additionally, (3) the carbon inequality of urban households is smaller than that of rural households, which is contributed by the composition effects of family size, education, car ownership, Internet development and the coefficient effect of income and housing. Finally, (4) under the composition effect of family size and the coefficient effect of income, the household carbon inequality in the eastern region is smaller than in the central and western regions.

[Professor CHEN Quan-xin's experience for treatment of insomnia: regulating spirit and quieting heart to help sleep].

This article describes the experiences of professor CHEN Quan-xin, an old famous TCM doctor, in the treatment of insomnia. He believes that insomnia stems from incoordination between nutrient qi and defensive qi and deficient cultivation of cardiac spirit, and treatment of insomnia need to regulate spirit and quiet heart coherently. Painless acupuncture method of Chen's flying needling is adopted including to select Shenmen (HT 7), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Anmian (Extra) as the main points and take special needling technique and grading reinforcing and reducing manipulations. During treatment, he pays attention to understanding patients' psychological and mental status through "watching one's expressions and weighing his words carefully".

[Sleep disorder treated mainly with flying needling therapy: a clinical randomized controlled research].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy on sleep disorder in the intervention of flying needling therapy and compare the efficacy difference among flying needling therapy, estazolam and non-acupoint acupuncture. METHODS: Three hundred and fifteen cases of sleep disorder were randomized into a flying needling group (110 cases), an estazolam group (107 cases) and a non-acupoint acupuncture group (98 cases). In the flying needling group, the flying needling therapy was applied to Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Anmian (EX HN22), Shenmen (HT 7) and so on. Additionally, vitamin B1 was prescribed for oral administration and the intradermal needle method was given at the Back-shu points. In the estazolam group, estazolam was prescribed for oral administration. Also the non-acupoint acupuncture and the acupoint sticking therapy on the Back-shu points were given additionally. In the non-acupoint acupuncture group, the non-acupoint acupuncture, oral administration of vitamin B1 and the acupoint sticking therapy on the Back-shu points were applied. The treatment of 2 weeks were required in all the groups. The efficacy and the score of PSQI (Pittsburgh sleep quality index) were observed in the 2-week follow-up visit. RESULTS: The total effective rate in the flying needling group was 84.1% (90/107), which was superior to 59.7% (62/104) in the estazolam group and 25.0% (24/96) in the non-acupoint acupuncture group (both P < 0.05). In the follow-up observation, the score of each item and the total score of PSQI were lower apparently than those before treatment in each group (all P < 0.05), and those in the flying needling group were lower apparently than those in the other two groups (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The flying needling therapy as the chief therapeutic method effectively improves the sleep quality for the patients with sleep disorder, which is apparently superior to estazolam and non-acupoint acupuncture.