Broad/narrowband switchable terahertz absorber based on Dirac semimetal and strontium titanate for temperature sensing.

A broadband and narrowband switchable terahertz (THz) absorber based on a bulk Dirac semimetal (BDS) and strontium titanate (STO) is proposed. Narrowband and broadband absorption can be switched by adjusting the Fermi level of the BDS. When the Fermi level of the BDS is 100 meV, the device is an absorber with three narrowband absorption peaks. The frequencies are 0.44, 0.86, and 1.96 THz, respectively, when the temperature of STO is 250 K. By adjusting the temperature of STO from 250 to 500 K, the blue shifts of the frequencies are approximately 0.14, 0.32, and 0.60 THz, respectively. The sensitivities of the three absorption peaks are 0.56, 1.27, and 2.38 GHz/K, respectively. When the Fermi level of the BDS is adjusted from 100 to 30 meV, the device can be switched to a broadband absorber with a bandwidth of 0.70 THz. By adjusting the temperature of STO from 250 to 500 K, the central frequency shifts from 1.40 to 1.79 THz, and the bandwidth broadens from 0.70 to 0.96 THz. The sensitivity of the central frequency is 1.57 GHz/K. The absorber also has a wide range of potential applications in multifunctional tunable devices, such as temperature sensors, stealth equipment, and filters.

Multifunctional terahertz absorber based on the Dirac semimetal and vanadium dioxide.

In this paper, a multifunctional terahertz (THz) absorber based on Dirac semimetal and vanadium dioxide (V O 2) is proposed. By modulating the temperature of V O 2, the absorber can be switched between the narrow band and wide band. When V O 2 is in the metallic state, the absorber has a broadband absorption effect with a bandwidth of approximately 4 THz. It has the advantages of insensitivity to polarization and wide-angle absorption. When V O 2 is in the insulating state, the absorber has two absorption peaks with absorptivity exceeding 90% and sensitivities of 297.7 and 402 GHz/RIU, and thus can be used as a highly sensitive sensor for cell detection. When the Fermi level of the Dirac semimetal is changed, the absorption characteristics can be modulated. The absorber has broad application prospects in multifunctional modulated devices.

High-performance dual-tunable terahertz absorber based on strontium titanate and bulk Dirac semimetal for temperature sensing and switching function.

In this study, a perfect metamaterial absorber based on strontium titanate and bulk Dirac semimetals is proposed. When the temperature of strontium titanate was 300K, the dual-band absorptions were 99.74% and 99.99% at 1.227 and 1.552 THz, respectively. The sensitivities based on a transverse magnetic (TM) wave were 0.95 and 1.22 GHz/K; the sensitivity based on a transverse electric (TE) wave was 0.76 GHz/K. The TE and TM waves were modulated by inserting a bulk Dirac semimetal between the concave and convex devices. The modulation depth of the TE wave was 97.9% at 1.1 THz; the extinction ratio was 16.9 dB. The modulation depth of the TE wave at 1.435 THz was 95.9%; the extinction ratio was 13.89 dB. The TM wave modulation depth at 1.552 THz was 95.9%; the extinction ratio was 13.98 dB. Irrespective of a TE or TM wave, the terahertz absorber has good switching and temperature-sensing performance based on strontium titanate and bulk Dirac semimetals as well as broad application prospects in temperature sensing and switching devices.

Bioactive seco-Sativene Sesquiterpenoids from an Artemisia desertorum Endophytic Fungus, Cochliobolus sativus.

A series of seco-sativene sesquiterpenoids (1-11) including two new natural products (2 and 3), four new analogues (4-7), and six known analogues, helminthosporic acid (1), drechslerine A (8), drechslerine B (9), helminthosporol (10), helminthosporal acid (11), and isosativenediol (12), were purified from the endophytic fungus Cochliobolus sativus isolated from a desert plant, Artemisia desertorum. The stereochemistry of helminthosporic acid (1) was established for the first time by X-ray diffraction, and the structures including relative and absolute configurations of these new compounds were determined by NMR and CD spectra together with biosynthetic considerations. Compounds 5-7 are the first seco-sativene sesquiterpenoids possessing a glucose group on C-15, C-15, and C-14, respectively. Compounds 1, 7, 9, and 11 displayed strong phytotoxic effects on corn leaves by producing visible lesions, and helminthosporic acid (1) was shown to promote division of leaves and roots of Arabidopsis thaliana with a dose-dependent relationship.

Study on the Changes of Chemical Constituents in Different Compatibilities of Ginseng-Prepared Rehmannia Root and Their Effects on Bone Marrow Inhibition after Chemotherapy.

Ginseng (G) and Prepared Rehmannia Root (PRR) are commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for blood supplementation. This study aimed to study G and PRR with different compatibility ratios changes in chemical composition and inhibition of cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression. HPLC was used to determine the chemical constituents of 13 ginsenosides, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) and verbascoside in different proportions of G-PRR. Balb/c mice were injected intraperitoneally with cyclophosphamide (CTX) to induce bone marrow suppression. The effects of different proportions of G-PRR on peripheral blood, bone marrow nucleated cells, thymus and spleen index of myelosuppressed mice were analyzed. The results showed that the compatibility of G and PRR can promote the dissolution of ginsenosides, and the content of conventional ginsenosides decreased, and the content of rare ginsenosides increased. Different proportions of G-PRR increased the number of peripheral blood and bone marrow nucleated cells in cyclophosphamide-induced bone marrow suppression mice (p < 0.01), increased thymus index (p < 0.01), decreased spleen index (p < 0.01). Different proportions of G-PRR can improve the myelosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide in mice, and the combined effect of G-PRR is better than the single decoction of G and PRR. Among them, G-PRR 2 : 3 and G-PRR 1 : 2 were better than the other groups. These results indicate that different proportion of G-PRR can improve bone marrow suppression, and the combined decoction of G-PRR is better than the separate Decoction in improving bone marrow suppression. This improvement may be related to the changes of the substance basis and active ingredients of G-PRR.

[Clinical and genetic features of children with hereditary spherocytosis: an analysis of 4 cases].

Four children (two boys and two girls), aged from 3 years and 7 months to 5 years, had mild or moderate anemia, mild hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice (mainly an increase in indirect bilirubin), an increase in the percentages of reticulocytes and spherical erythrocytes in peripheral blood smear and an increase in erythrocyte osmotic brittleness. High-throughput sequencing found two novel mutations in the SLC4A1 gene, c.37G>A and c.340T>C, in case 1 and case 2 respectively, and these two mutations were predicted to be pathogenic by Mutation Taster. The Polyphen2 scores of these two mutations were 0.87 and 0.83 respectively, which suggested that these mutations were probably damaging. The SIFT scores of these two mutations were 0.008 and 0.09 respectively, suggesting that these mutations were probably damaging. No abnormality in this gene was found in their parents. Two reported heterozygous mutations in the ANK1 gene, c.830A>G and c.985G>C, were found in case 3 and case 4 respectively. Gene detection was not performed for the parents of case 3. The mother of case 4 was diagnosed with hereditary spherocytosis and had a heterozygous mutation of c.985G>C in the ANK1 gene. All four children were diagnosed with hereditary spherocytosis. Case 3 had a hemoglobin level of <80 g/L and underwent splenectomy at the age of 5 years and 6 months, and regular postoperative reexamination showed a hemoglobin level of >105 g/L. Hereditary spherocytosis is a hereditary hemolytic disease caused by abnormality in erythrocyte membrane protein, and gene detection helps to make a confirmed diagnosis.

Enzymatic Reaction Generates Biomimic Nanominerals with Superior Bioactivity.

In vivo mineralization is a multistep process involving mineral-protein complexes and various metastable compounds in vertebrates. In this complex process, the minerals produced in the mitochondrial matrix play a critical role in initiating extracellular mineralization. However, the functional mechanisms of the mitochondrial minerals are still a mystery. Herein, an in vitro enzymatic reaction strategy is reported for the generation of biomimic amorphous calcium phosphate (EACP) nanominerals by an alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-catalyzed hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in a weakly alkalescent aqueous condition (pH 8.0-8.5), which is partially similar to the mitochondrial environment. Significantly, the EACP nanomineral obviously promotes autophagy and osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells by activating an AMPK related pathway, and displays a high performance in promoting bone regeneration. These results provide in vitro evidence for the effect of ATP on the formation and stabilization of the mineral in the mineralization process, demonstrating a potential strategy for the preparation of the biomimic mineral for treating bone related diseases.

Porous Nanocomposite Comprising Ultralong Hydroxyapatite Nanowires Decorated with Zinc-Containing Nanoparticles and Chitosan: Synthesis and Application in Bone Defect Repair.

Hydroxyapatite nanowires exhibit a great potential in biomedical applications owing to their high specific surface area, high flexibility, excellent mechanical properties, and similarity to mineralized collagen fibrils of natural bone. In this work, zinc-containing nanoparticle-decorated ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowires (Zn-UHANWs) with a hierarchical nanostructure have been synthesized by a one-step solvothermal method. The highly flexible Zn-UHANWs exhibit a hierarchical rough surface and enhanced specific surface area as compared with ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowires (UHANWs). To evaluate the potential application of Zn-UHANWs in bone regeneration, the biomimetic Zn-UHANWs/chitosan (CS) (Zn-UHANWs/CS) composite porous scaffold with 80 wt % Zn-UHANWs was prepared by incorporating Zn-UHANWs into the chitosan matrix by the freeze-drying process. The as-prepared Zn-UHANWs/CS composite porous scaffold exhibits enhanced mechanical properties, highly porous structure, and excellent water retention capacity. In addition, the Zn-UHANWs/CS porous scaffold has a good biodegradability with the sustainable release of Zn, Ca, and P elements in aqueous solution. More importantly, the Zn-UHANWs/CS porous scaffold can promote the osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells and facilitate in vivo bone regeneration as compared with the pure CS porous scaffold or UHANWs/CS porous scaffold. Thus, both the Zn-UHANWs and Zn-UHANWs/CS porous scaffold developed in this work are promising for application in bone defect repair.

IGA-rule 17 for performance estimation of wavelength-extended InGaAs photodetectors: validity and limitations.

A rule of thumb, denoted as IGA-rule 17, has been developed to describe the temperature and cutoff wavelength-dependent dark currents of wavelength-extended InGaAs photodetectors in a 2-3 µm band. The validity and limitations of the rule are discussed. This rule is intended as an index for device developers to evaluate their technologies in processing, a simple tool for device users to estimate reachable performance at various conditions in their design, and an effective bridge between the two.

Effects of Hindlimb Unweighting on MBP and GDNF Expression and Morphology in Rat Dorsal Root Ganglia Neurons.

With the development of technology and space exploration, studies on long-duration space flights have shown that microgravity induces damage to multiple organs, including the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). However, very little is known about the effects of long-term microgravity on DRG neurons. This study investigated the effects of microgravity on lumbar 5 (L5) DRG neurons in rats using the hindlimb unweighting (HU) model. Male (M) and female (F) Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into M- and F-control (CON) groups and M- and F-HU groups, respectively (n = 10). At the end of HU treatment for 4 weeks, morphological changes were detected. Myelin basic protein (MBP) and degenerated myelin basic protein (dgen-MBP) expressions were analyzed by immunofluorescence and western blot assays. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) protein and mRNA expressions were also analyzed by immunohistochemistry, western blot, and RT-PCR analysis, respectively. Compared with the corresponding CON groups, the HU groups exhibited slightly loose junctions between DRG neurons, some separated ganglion cells and satellite cells, and lightly stained Nissl bodies that were of smaller size and had a scattered distribution. High levels of dgen-MBP and low MBP expressions were appeared and GDNF expressions were significantly decreased in both HU groups. Changes were more pronounced in the F-HU group than in the M-HU group. In conclusion, HU treatment induced damage of L5 DRG neurons, which was correlated with decreased total MBP protein expression, increased dgen-MBP expression, and reduced GDNF protein and mRNA expression. Importantly, these changes were more severe in F-HU rats compared with M-HU rats.

Neural Stem Cell-based Intraocular Administration of Pigment Epithelium-derived Factor Promotes Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival and Axon Regeneration after Optic Nerve Crush Injury in Rat: An Experimental Study.

BACKGROUND: Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is regarded as a multifunctional protein possessing neurotrophic and neuroprotective properties. PEDF has a very short half-life, and it would require multiple injections to maintain a therapeutically relevant level without a delivery system. However, multiple injections are prone to cause local damage or infection. To overcome this, we chose a cell-based system that provided sustained delivery of PEDF and compared the effect of weekly injections of PEDF and neural stem cell (NSC)-based intraocular administration of PEDF on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival and axon regeneration after optic nerve injury. METHODS: Seventy-two rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups: group with injections of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (n=24), group with weekly injections of PEDF (n=24), and group with NSC-based administration of PEDF (n=24). Western blot was used to analyze the PEDF protein level 2 weeks after injection. Retinal flat mounts and immunohistochemistry were employed to analyze RGC survival and axon regeneration 2 weeks and 4 weeks after injection. The data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA in SPSS (version 19.0). A P<0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: The PEDF protein level in the group with NSC-based administration of PEDF increased compared with that in the groups with injections of PEDF and PBS (P<0.05). The PEDF-modified NSCs differentiated into GFAP-positive astrocytes andß-tubulin-III-positive neurons. NSC-based administration of PEDF effectively increased RGC survival and improved the axon regeneration of the optic nerve compared with weekly injections of PEDF. CONCLUSION: Subretinal space transplantation of PEDF-secreting NSCs sustained high concentrations of PEDF, differentiated into neurons and astrocytes, and significantly promoted RGC survival and axon regeneration after optic nerve injury.

Palladium/copper-catalyzed oxidative arylation of terminal alkenes with aroyl hydrazides.

An unprecedented oxidative arylation reaction of terminal alkenes with simple aroyl hydrazides has been developed under aerobic conditions for the stereoselective synthesis of 1,2-disubstituted alkenes. A range of aroyl hydrazides underwent palladium/copper-catalyzed oxidative Mizoroki-Heck reaction with terminal alkenes open to air in a 1:1 mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide and acetonitrile to give structurally diverse 1,2-disubstituted alkenes in moderate to excellent yields with excellent regio- and E-selectivity. The reaction tolerated a wide variety of functional groups, such as alkoxy, hydroxy, amino, fluoro, chloro, bromo, cyano, nitro, ester, amide, imide, phosphine oxide, and sulfone groups, and, moreover, molecular oxygen and dimethyl sulfoxide were demonstrated to serve as terminal oxidants. This study provides a useful method for the stereoselective synthesis of 1,2-disubstituted alkenes through direct transformation of the vinylic CH bonds in terminal alkenes.

Microwave assistant synthesis, antifungal activity and DFT theoretical study of some novel 1,2,4-triazole derivatives containing pyridine moiety.

In order to investigate the biological activity of novel 1,2,4-triazole compounds, seventeen novel 1,2,4-triazole derivatives containing pyridine moiety were synthesized under microwave assistant condition by multi-step reactions. The structures were characterized by 1H NMR, MS and elemental analyses. The target compounds were evaluated for their fungicidal activities against Stemphylium lycopersici (Enjoji) Yamamoto, Fusarium oxysporum. sp. cucumebrium, and Botrytis cinerea in vivo, and the results indicated that some of the title compounds displayed excellent fungicidal activities. Theoretical calculation of the title compound was carried out with B3LYP/6-31G (d,p). The full geometry optimization was carried out using 6-31G (d,p) basis set, and the frontier orbital energy, atomic net charges were discussed, and the structure-activity relationship was also studied.

[Study on preparation of matrine double-sensitive colon-specific pellets and in vitro release].

OBJECTIVE: To prepare matrine double-sensitive colon-specific pellets and study the factors affecting its quality and evaluateing the colon-specific effects of preparation. METHOD: Matrine enzyme-sensitive pellets core were prepared by carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan as the main carrier material, and coated the core by acrylic resin II and III to prepare matrine double-sensitive colon-specific pellets. The prescription and technology of the matrine colon-specific pellets were studied by the single factor investigation, through the in vitro release test and coating rate determination. RESULT: The optimized process conditions: FeCl3 concentration is 4.0 g x L(-1), chitosan concentration is 3.0 g x L(-1), carboxymethyl konjac glucomannan concentration is 20 g x L(-1), mixed gel solution pH value is 3. The release of matrine is less than 30% in the simulation of the upper gastrointestinal medium. The release of matrine is close to 100% in simulated full gastrointestinal medium, the coating weight is 7%. CONCLUSION: The prepared pellets have good colon positioning effect in vitro.

[Effect of environmental factors on photosynthetic physiology and flavonoid constituent of Scutellaria baicalensis].

To discuss the effect of environmental factors and photosynthesis on the growing of plant and the content of active components in Scutellaria baicalensis, the photosynthetic physiology index and diurnal changes of flavonoid constituent of S. Baicalensis were observed and tested in flowering and fruiting stages, and in the meantime environmental parameters were recorded. The obtained data were analyzed data by using path analysis and gray correlation analysis. The results showed that PAR and SWC were important environmental factors impacting on photosynthesis of S. baicalensis. SWC, RH and Ca were important environmental factors impacting on baicalin content. PAR, Po and Ta were important environmental factors impacting on baicalein content.

Astaxanthin suppresses LPS-induced myocardial apoptosis by regulating PTP1B/JNK pathway in vitro.

PURPOSE: Myocardial injury induced by sepsis can increase the patient's mortality, which is an important complication of sepsis. Myocardial apoptosis plays a key role in septic myocardial injury. Here we explored the potential mechanism of astaxanthin (ATX) inhibiting myocardial apoptosis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. METHODS: The H9C2 cell experiment was conducted in three parts. In the first part, we set up three groups: control group, LPS group (10 µg/ml), a model of septic myocardial injury, and LPS + ATX (5, 10, 30 µM); In the second part, we set up four groups: control group, LPS group, LPS + PTP1B-IN-1, a protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitor, and LPS + PTP1B-IN-1 + ATX; In the third part, we set up four groups: control group, LPS group, LPS + Anisomycin, a c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activator, and LPS + Anisomycin + ATX. We assessed H9C2 cell viability using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. We observed cell apoptosis using flow cytometry analysis. We tested the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) using JC-1 staining. To identify the molecular targets of ATX, Astaxanthin targets were predicted through the SwissTargetPrediction database. We verified the binding affinity of ATX and its targets using microscale thermophoresis (MST). We investigated the p-JNK expression using immunofluorescence staining. Finally, Western blot was used to evaluate PTP1B, JNK, p-JNK and the mitochondrial apoptosis-associated protein expression. RESULTS: LPS inhibited H9C2 cell viability in a time-dependent manner and ATX treatment enhances H9C2 cell viability in a concentration dependent manner after LPS administration. ATX inhibited the LPS-induced apoptosis and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in H9C2 cells. As predicted by the SwissTargetPrediction database, PTP1B was a potential target of ATX, and the interaction between ATX and PTP1B was further verified by MST. ATX attenuated the LPS-induced protein expression of PTP1B and p-JNK, regardless of PTP1B inhibition. Both immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting showed that ATX suppressed the LPS-induced p-JNK expression in H9C2 cells, regardless of Anisomycin administration. In addition, by adding Anisomycin to overexpress JNK, ATX inhibited the LPS-induced apoptosis, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and upregulation of mitochondrial apoptosis-associated proteins in H9C2 cells via JNK signaling. CONCLUSION: ATX inhibited LPS-induced mitochondrial apoptosis of H9C2 cells by PTP1B/JNK pathway and PTP1B was the target of ATX.

Association of serum albumin with heart failure mortality with NYHA class IV in Chinese patients: Insights from PhysioNet database (version 1.3).

BACKGROUND: Studies have proved that low albumin level is associated with increased mortality in most diseases, such as chronic kidney disease and hepatic cirrhosis. However, the relationship between albumin and all-cause death in heart failure patients in China is still unclear. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate the association between albumin level and 28-day mortality in Chinese hospitalized patients with NYHA IV heart failure. METHODS: A total of 2008 Chinese patients were included. The correlation between serum albumin level and mortality was tested using a cox proportional hazards regression model. The smooth curve fitting was used to identify non-linear relationships between serum albumin and mortality. The Forest plot analysis was used to assess the association between albumin and 28-day mortality in different groups. RESULTS: Compared with patients with NYHA II-III, patients with NYHA IV had lower albumin level and higher mortality within 28 days. The albumin on admission was independently and inversely associated with the endpoint risk, which remained significant (hazard ratio: 0.80; 95 % confidence interval: 0.66 to 0.96; p = 0.0196) after multivariable adjustment. The smooth curve fitting showed with the increase of albumin, the mortality within 28 days would decrease. A subgroup analysis found that the inverse association between the albumin level and risk of the mortality was consistent across the subgroup stratified by possible influence factors. CONCLUSION: Serum albumin level is negatively associated with 28-day mortality in hospitalized heart failure patients within NYHA IV in China, which can be used as an independent predictor.

[Effects of wide posterior release on the correction of severe and rigid thoracic scoliosis in sagittal plane].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of wide posterior release on the correction of severe and rigid thoracic scoliosis in sagittal plane. METHODS: A total of 37 idiopathic scoliosis patients (26 females and 11 males) with severe and rigid thoracic curves corrected with posterior pedicle screw system between 2006 and 2009 were recruited. Their average age was 17.3 years (range: 14 - 22) at operation and the thoracic Cobb angle was between 70 - 100°. They were separated into 2 groups: group A (n = 15) with wide posterior release and group B (n = 22) with posterior soft tissue release alone. The preoperative, postoperative and latest standing posteroanterior and lateral radiographs during follow-ups were reviewed. RESULTS: All patients were operated successfully. No statistic difference existed in the average operative duration between two groups (P > 0.05). The average volume of blood loss was 874 ml in Group A versus 712 ml in Group B (P < 0.05). The average coronal Cobb angle on postoperative standing photograph was 27.4° (68.1% correction) in Group A and 35.6° (56.9% correction) in Group B. For comparing sagittal correction results in patients with similar thoracic sagittal deformities, we distinguished subgroup A1 (preoperative TKA < 40°) from subgroup A2 (preoperative TKA > 40°) in group A and subgroup B1 (preoperative TKA < 40°) from subgroup B2 (preoperative TKA > 40°) in group B. The postoperative TKA was 26.8° (> 9.2° than preoperation) in subgroup A1 and 12.5° (3.1° < preoperation) in subgroup B1 (P < 0.05). The postoperative TKA was 28.4° (24.9° < preoperation) in subgroup A2 and 39.1° (10.3° < preoperation) in subgroup B2 (P < 0.05). There was one case of dural leakage in group A. A leakage of cerebrospinal fluid was cured with a prone position and wound compression. One case of infection in superficial part of wound in group B was cured after debridement. No nerve system injury, deep infection or instrumentation failure was found. During a follow-up period of 2 years, there was no obvious correction loss or trunk decompensation. CONCLUSION: In idiopathic scoliosis patients with severe and rigid thoracic curves, wide posterior release via a posterior approach may help to correct the deformity in sagittal plan and achieve more coronal correction in these curves.

[A feasibility research of minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) using hybrid internal fixation for recurrent lumbar disc herniation].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) using hybrid internal fixation of pedicle screws and a translaminar facet screw for recurrent lumbar disc herniation. METHODS: From January 2010 to December 2011, 16 recurrent lumbar disc herniation patients, 10 male and 6 female patients with an average age of 45 years (35-68 years) were treated with unilateral incision MIS-TLIF through working channel. After decompression, interbody fusion and fixation using unilateral pedicle screws, a translaminar facet screw was inserted from the same incision through spinous process and laminar to the other side facet joint. The results of perioperative parameters, radiographic images and clinical outcomes were assessed. The repeated measure analysis of variance was applied in the scores of visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disablity index (ODI). RESULTS: All patients MIS-TLIF were accomplished under working channel including decompression, interbody fusion and hybrid fixation without any neural complication. The average operative time was (148 ± 75) minutes, the average operative blood loss was (186 ± 226) ml, the average postoperative ambulation time was (32 ± 15) hours, and the average hospitalization time was (6 ± 4) days. The average length of incision was (29 ± 4) mm, and the average length of translaminar facets screw was (52 ± 6) mm. The mean follow-up was 16.5 months with a range of 12-24 months. The postoperative X-ray and CT images showed good position of the hybrid internal fixation, and all facets screws penetrate through facets joint. The significant improvement could be found in back pain VAS, leg pain VAS and ODI scores between preoperative 1 day and postoperative follow-up at all time-points (back pain VAS:F = 52.845, P = 0.000;leg pain VAS:F = 113.480, P = 0.000;ODI:F = 36.665, P = 0.000). CONCLUSION: Recurrent lumbar disc herniation could be treated with MIS-TLIF using hybrid fixation through unilateral incision, and the advantage including less invasion and quickly recovery.

[Physiological ecology responses of Scutellaria baicalensis to drought and rewatering].

To study the physiological ecology responses of Scutellaria baicalensis to drought and rewatering of short period, we tested and analyzed photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of S. baicalensis leaves processed by different ways of water treatment in drought and rewatering period, characteristic indexes of physiology and biochemistry of root SOD, POD, PAL, C4H, etc. and accumulation dynamic change of root baicalin and baicalein. The result showed that along with the worsening drought, P(n), T(r), G(s) and F(v)/F(m) of S. baicalensis declined in different water supply, and F(o) increased. The response of SOD and POD's activity in S. baicalensis root to drought in I and II was earlier than it in III. The response time and increase range of baicalin accumulation existed differences in different water supply, and the indexes regained after rewatering. Therefore, photosynthesis of S. baicalensis changed and it destroyed the antioxidant metabolism balance when soil water content decreased resulting from drought. The synergistic effect of defence mechanism launched by S. baicalensis, SOD, POD, PAL, C4H, baicalin and baicalein reduced active oxygen's damage to the cell.