Therapeutic effects of anti-B7-1 antibody in an ovalbumin-induced mouse asthma model.

Allergic asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of airways, which is characterized by attacks provoked by exposure to so-called asthma triggers, such as pet dander, second-hand tobacco smoke, dust mites, and mold spores. B7-1 (CD80), perhaps one of the most studied co-stimulatory molecules involved in asthma, plays a key role in regulating allergen-induced T cell activation in asthma, probably through T cell recruitment and Th cell differentiation upon allergen provocation. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that anti-B7-1 antibody has therapeutic effects in asthma by blocking B7-1/CD28 pathway. The asthma model was established by ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenging in female Balb/c mice. One hour after the last induction, mice were sacrificed and whole lung lavage was conducted. Cell numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined and the expression levels of IFN-gamma and IL-4 in supernatant were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Sedimental cells smears were stained with Wright's-Gimsa mixed coloring method. The B7-1 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry method with frozen tissue sections. The anti-B7-1 antibody treatment could alleviate asthmatic syndromes induced by OVA. The number of recoverable eosinophils in BALF in the anti-B7-1 antibody treated group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.01) and the eosinophils peribronchial infiltration was remarkably reduced in anti-B7-1 treated asthmatic mice, based on histological evaluation. The treatment with the anti-B7-1 antibody induced IFN-gamma expression and decreased IL-4 expression, compared with the asthmatic control group (P<0.01). In conclusion, the anti-B7-1 antibody approach may provide a novel therapy for allergic asthma.

Research progress of cystic fibrosis associated Pseudo-Bartter syndrome / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive inherited disease affecting multiple body systems.Pseudo-Bartter syndrome (PBS) is a common manifestation of CF, with such clinical features as hypochloremia, hyponatremia, hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis.However, PBS patients do not have renal tubulopathy.Children with CF are prone to develop electrolyte abnormalities due to fluid and electrolyte loss.In this article, the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of CF associated PBS were reviewed in order to enhance clinical understan-ding of this disease.

Analysis of clinical characteristics of influenza virus pneumonia and risk factors for severe pneumonia in 711 Children / 国际儿科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of influenza A and influenza B pneumonia and the risk factors of severe influenza pneumonia in children.Methods:The epidemiology, clinical characteristics, laboratory tests and pathogens of co-infection in children with pneumonia caused by influenza A virus and influenza B virus, and the risk factors of severe influenza pneumonia were retrospectively analyzed.Results:(1) The cases of influenza A infection accounted for 65.1% and those with influenza B infection accounted for 32.9% among the 711 children with influenza pneumonia.The dominant strain was Influenza B Victoria virus in spring and summer, influenza A(H 3N 2) virus in autumn, and influenza A(H1N1) virus in winter.The dominant strain was influenza A virus at the age of < 1 year and ~3 years, influenza A virus and influenza B virus at the age of ~6 years, and influenza B virus at the age of ≥6 years.(2) The gastrointestinal symptoms were more common in children with influenza B pneumonia compared with those with influenza A pneumonia(53.4% vs 44.7%, χ2=4.728, P=0.030), but crackles and wheezing were more common in children with influenza A pneumonia compared with those with influenza B pneumonia(80.1% vs 70.5%, 36.9% vs 25.6%, χ2=8.945, 8.093, all P<0.05). (3) The percentage of decreased lymphocyte count in children with influenza B pneumonia was higher than those with influenza A pneumonia(5.6% vs 1.9%, χ2=6.633, P=0.010). (4) Mixed Mycoplasma Pneumoniae was more common in children with influenza B pneumonia compared with those with influenza A pneumonia(23.9% vs 10.8%, χ2=20.789, P<0.001), and mixed virus and bacteria were more common in children with influenza A pneumonia compared with those with influenza B pneumonia(15.8% vs 8.1%, 50.1% vs 41.9%, χ2=7.934, 4.221, all P<0.05). (5) Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age <2 years( OR=1.886, 95% CI 1.149~3.096, P=0.012), increased LDH( OR=1.736, 95% CI 1.080~2.790, P=0.023), the percentage of lymphocyte decreased( OR=2.762, 95% CI 1.669~4.571, P<0.001) and the percentage of CD3 + decreased ( OR=6.019, 95% CI 3.993~9.331, P<0.001)were risk factors for severe influenza pneumonia. Conclusion:Among hospitalized children with influenza pneumonia, there were some differences in the age of infection, clinical characteristics, laboratory tests and pathogens of co-infection between the cases caused by influenza B and influenza A, and clinicians should remain vigilant for the occurrence of severe influenza pneumonia.

Clinical characteristics and etiological changes of bronchiolitis before and after COVID-19 pandemic / 国际儿科学杂志

Objective:To compare the clinical characteristics and etiology changes of patients with bronchiolitis before the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)with those after the pandemic, and to provide a basis for the clinical diagnosis, treatment and prevention of bronchiolitis.Methods:Retrospective analysis were made on the clinical characteristics and etiological changes of patients who were hospitalized with bronchiolitis in the Department of Pulmonology, Children′s Hospital of Soochow University before COVID-19 pandemic(from February 1, 2019 to January 31, 2020, called as Group 2019-2020)and after COVID-19 pandemic(from February 1, 2020 to January 31, 2021, called as Group 2020-2021). Medical records were reviewed to compare general conditions, clinical manifestations, and laboratory tests.Nasopharyngeal secretion examination results were collected to compare the differences in pathogenic composition.Results:A total of 285 patients were enrolled in the Group 2019-2020, while 190 patients in the Group 2020-2021.There were no significant differences in gender, age, symptom duration prior to admission and length of stay between the two groups( P>0.05). The proportion of moderate/severe cases in the Group 2020-2021 was lower than that in the Group 2019-2020[10.53%(20/190)vs 21.75%(62/285)]and the difference was statistically significant( χ2=10.062, P<0.05). The proportion of stuffy nose rhinorrhea in the Group 2020-2021 was higher than that in the Group 2019-2020, while the proportion of gastrointestinal symptoms(vomiting and diarrhea)in the Group 2020-2021 was lower than that in the Group 2019-2020 [57.37%(109/190)vs 47.37%(135/285)and 15.79%(30/190)vs 24.56 %(70/285)]and the differences were statistically significant( χ2 were 4.563 and 5.278 respectively, all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the proportions of fever, dyspnea, shortness of breath and cyanosis between the two groups(all P>0.05). The creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB)in the Group 2020-2021 was lower than that in the Group 2019-2020[4.15(2.90~5.60)vs 6.70(4.20~22.10)]and the difference was statistically significant( Z=-8.757, P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in white blood cell count(WBC), percentage of neutrophil(N%), blood platelet count(PLT), percentage of eosinophil(EOS%), C-reactive protein(CRP), alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)between the two groups(all P>0.05). The total pathogen detection rate, positive rate of respiratory syncytial virus(RSV), positive rate of mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP)and mixed infection rate in the Group 2020-2021 were lower than those in the Group 2019-2020[65.26%(124/190)vs 75.09%(214/285), 14.21%(27/190)vs 30.18%(86/285), 6.32%(12/190)vs 15.09%(43/285), 16.84%(32/190)vs 25.61%(73/285)], with statistically significant differences( χ2 were 5.361, 16.026, 8.568 and 5.094 respectively, all P<0.05). The positive rate of rhinovirus in the Group 2020-2021 was higher than that in the Group 2019-2020[13.16%(25/190)vs 4.91%(14/285)]and the difference was statistically significant( χ2=10.285, P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the positive rates of human metapneumovirus, Boca virus and parainfluenza virus 3 between the two groups(all P>0.05). Conclusion:The clinical characteristics and etiology of patients with bronchiolitis have changed after the COVID-19 pandemic.The quarantine and protection measures reduce the transmission of associated pathogens and the severity of the disease.

Quality evaluation of scientific research project final report conclusion based on factor analysis and TOPSIS / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To comprehensively evaluates the final quality of completed scientific research projects, and explore a set of evaluation methods for evaluating the quality of congener projects.Methods:Taking 31 provincial and ministerial research projects concluded completed between during 2016 to 2020 in a grade A tertiary Children′s Hospital of Jiangsu Province as the research objects, the evaluation index data were collected, the index weights were determined by factor analysis, and the quality of the research projects was comprehensively evaluated by combining TOPSIS method which derived from a grade A tertiary Children′s Hospital in Jiangsu Province, to collect the relevant evaluation index data, then determine the index weight by factor analysis and calculate sequences with TOPSIS, further evaluate the quality of these projects.Results:The top six projects are project 17, project 8, project 4, project 5, project 31 and project 7, all of which are provincial-level social development projects. The last six projects are project 19, project 6, project 14, project 11, project 28 and project 12, all of which are funded by Provincial Natural Science Foundation. The evaluation results are consistent with the actual completion quality of the projects.Conclusions:This method can evaluate the final quality of scientific research project scientifically and effectively. The evaluation results are more objective and reasonable by making full use of the original data information. It is a suitable method for the quality management of scientific research projects.

Role of macrolides resistance in children with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To study the macrolides resistance of Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP) in Suzhou area, and try to explore the relationship between drug resistance and refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP). Methods:From a series of hospitalized children who were diagnosed as Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) from October 2013 to September 2014 in Suzhou area, 48 children were treated with Azithromycin (10 mg/kg, once a day, intravenous drip for 5-7 days), and the clinical symptoms and chest imaging were still progressing so they were clinically diagnosed as RMPP, and 34 children who were successfully treated with macrolides antibiotics (MA) were clinically diagnosed as general MPP (GMPP). MP DNA was extracted from the airway secretion of children in the two groups, and the point mutations of 2063 and 2064 of 23S rRNA were sequenced, and according to the MP 23S rRNA sequencing results, the children were divided into macrolides antibiotic resistant MP group (MRMP) and macrolides antibiotic sensitive MP group (MSMP). The clinical characteristics of the two groups were compared. Results:In the MRMP group, the incidence of RMPP was 62.2% (46/74 cases), while in MSMP group, the incidence of RMPP was 25.0% (2/8 cases). The point mutation of MP 23S rRNA had no significant effect on the occurrence of RMPP ( χ2=2.719, P=0.099). Compared with MRMP group, MSMP group presented shorter fever time and less glucocorticoid use.No significant differences between the two groups were found in chest imaging examination, as well as some laboratory results, including the total number and classification of white blood cell (WBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB). Conclusions:The fever duration of MPP lasted more than 1 week, suggesting the possibility of macrolides resistance of MP, but macrolides resistance did not aggravate the occurrence of RMPP.It is unreliable to judge the MRMP by chest imaging features and laboratory results.

Epidemiological characteristics and drug resistance analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in respiratory tract of children in Suzhou area in recent 10 years / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:The epidemiological characteristics and drug susceptibility changes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa(PA) infection in the respiratory tract of children in suzhou were analyzed in order to provide guidance and suggestions for the rational use of antibiotics in this region. Methods:Bacterial culture results of nasopharyngeal secretions from 21 176 children admitted to the Department of Respiratory, Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University for respiratory tract infections from January 2008 to December 2017 were collected.According to age, season, underlying disease conditions and the presence of intensive care units (ICU) during the hospitalization, these children were divided into different groups.The epidemic characteristics of PA infection were monitored, and changes in PA drug sensitivity were dynamically observed.Results:Among 21 176 nasopharyngeal secretions from children with respiratory tract infection, 191 cultures were detected with PA, and showing a positive detection rate of 0.90% (191/21 176 cases). The annual detection rate was different.The highest detection rate was 2.24% (50/2 234 cases) in 2009 and the lowest was 0.41% (9/2 207 cases) in 2014.The detection rate of PA in children with in >6 months to 1-year-old group was the highest (1.52%, 53/3 497 cases), and the lowest was 0.57%(11/1 934 cases) in the >5-year-old group.The detection rates of PA in spring, summer, autumn, and winter were 1.11% (60/5 420 cases), 1.21% (61/5 046 cases), 0.81% (46/5 670 cases), and 0.48% (24/5 040 cases), respectively.The difference of PA detection rates between summer (the highest rate) and the winter (the lowest rate) was statistically significant ( χ2=18.611, P<0.001). Among the 21 176 children, 18.89% (4 000/21 176 cases) had basic diseases, and the PA detection rate in such kind of patients was 1.28% (51/4 000 cases), which was higher than that in patients without basic diseases (0.82%, 140/17 176 cases). The PA detection rate in the ICU group was 4.41% (15/340 cases), which was significantly higher than that in the general group (0.84%, 176/20 836 cases) ( χ2=7.678, 47.623, all P<0.05). There were no strains susceptible to Ampicillin, Ampicillin/Sulbactam and compound Sulfamethoxazole, and no strains susceptible to Ceftriaxone from 2010 to 2017.The susceptibility rate to Imipenem was low from 2012 to 2015, and the lowest was only 66.7% in 2014.The sensitivity rate to Aztreonam fluctuated significantly from year to year.Strains were all highly sensitive to Piperacillin, Piperacillin Tazobactam, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, Gentamicin, and Tobramycin. Conclusions:PA infection is prone to occur in young children with basic diseases and relatively severe illness.Summer is a high-incidence season.PA is generally highly resistant to commonly used antibiotics.

Clinical analysis of 37 cases of bronchiolitis obliterans after adenovirus pneumonia / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors of bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) after adenovirus pneumonia.Methods:Clinical data of 266 children with adenovirus pneumonia hospitalized in Children′s Hospital of Soochow University from January 2011 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.Accor-ding to whether they developed BO, children with adenovirus pneumonia were divided into the BO group and the non-BO group.Clinical features of the BO group and the non-BO group were compared by t test, rank sum test or chi square test.Risk factors were analyzed by Logistic regression approach. Results:Among 266 children with adenovirus pneumonia included, 37 patients were developed into BO group, and their age was significantly younger than that of the non-BO group [12.0(8.0, 17.5) months vs.32.0(13.0, 48.0) months, P<0.001]. Compared with the non-BO group, there were more proportion of preterm infants[10.8%(4/37 cases) vs.3.1%(7/229 cases), P=0.028], more instances of comorbidities [21.6%(8/37 cases) vs.4.4%(10/229), P<0.001] and more children with allergic diseas[35.1%(13/37 cases) vs.20.1%(46/229 cases), P=0.041] in the BO group, and the difference was statistically significant.The duration of fever in the BO group was significantly longer than that of the non-BO group [10(4.0, 13.5) d vs.6(4.0, 9.0) d, P=0.011] children with symptoms of wheezing, shortness of breath, and hypoxemia in the BO group were significantly more than the non-BO group[81.1%(30/37 cases) vs.27.9%(64/229 cases), P<0.001; 64.9%(24/37 cases) vs.5.7%(13/229 cases), P<0.001; 59.5%(22/37 cases) vs.6.6%(15/229 cases), P<0.001]. The platelet count, IgG level, and CD3 -CD 19+ lymphocyte percentage were significantly higher in the BO group than the non-BO group [(364±104)×10 9/L vs.(297±105)×10 9/L, P=0.001; 6.74(4.92, 10.16) g/L vs.5.93(1.00, 8.04) g/L, P=0.016; (33.5±15.3)% vs.(26.1±10.2)%, P=0.008]. In contrast, the percentage of CD3 + CD4 + lymphocytes in the BO group was lower than the non-BO group[(29.1±8.0)% vs.(32.5±9.4)%, P=0.044], the difference was statistically significant.The BO group had a higher rate of mixed bacterial infection than the non-BO groups[37.8%(14/37 cases) vs.16.6%(38/229 cases), P=0.003]. An age<26 months, comorbidities, premature birth history, wheezing, shortness of breath, and hypoxemia were independent risk factors for BO after adenovirus pneumonia( OR=4.808, 30.667, 7.558, 3.909, 8.842, 8.607, all P<0.05). Conclusions:An age of less than 26 months, a history of premature delivery comorbidities, wheezing, shortness of breath and hypoxemia, are independent risk factors for BO after adenovirus pneumonia.Children with above manifestations should receive high resolution CT as soon as possible to determine whether it is BO.

Retrospective analysis of viral pathogen of acute respiratory tract infection in children in Suzhou area / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To study the epidemiological and clinical features of viral pathogen of acute respiratory tract infection(ARTI)in children in Suzhou. To provide the evidence-based medicine for early warning,diagnosis and treatment of respiratory tract infection in children. Methods The study population comprised of all the children ranging from 28 days to 15 years old with ARTI admitted to Department of Respiration,the Childrenˊs Hospital Affiliated to Soo-chow University,between January 2006 and December 2015. The study cases were divided into 4 age groups based on ages(28 days to <1 year old,1- <3 years old,3- <5 years old and ≥5 years old). The nasopharyngeal aspirates and medical history were obtained by qualified medical personnel. Seven kinds of common respiratory virus were detec-ted by using the direct immunofluorescence. Mycoplasma pneumonia(MP),chlamydia pneumonia(CP)and human bo-cavirus(hBoV)were detected by adopting fluorescence quantitative PCR. Human rhinovirus(HRV)and human metap-neumovirus(hMPV)were detected by means of reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction( RT -PCR). Sputum was cultured for bacteria. Results In 21 624 cases,17 618 cases were detected,and the positive detection rate of virus was 30. 74%(5 416 cases). The highest detection rate of virus was 44. 25%(881/1 991 cases)in 2011 in the 10 years. There were 3 317 cases of single virus pathogen infection,accounting for 18. 83%. Among them,respiratory syn-cytial virus(RSV)was the first with 9. 42%(1 660/17 618 cases),followed by HRV(5. 17%,278/5 372 cases), hBoV(3. 12%,351/11 263 cases),Pinf 3(2. 17%,383/17 618 cases),and the lowest rate was Pinf 2 with 0. 05%(8/17 618 cases). There were 2 099 cases of overlap infection,accounting for 11. 91%. The virus combined with bacte-rial infection accounted for 7. 86%(1 384/17 618 cases),which had the most positive cases. With the increase of age, the single virus pathogen infection rate gradually dropped. The highest detection rate was 22. 82%(1 976/8 656 cases) in the group between 28 days and <1 year old,and the lowest detection rate was 7. 81%(159/2 035 cases)of children over 5 years of age. The virus positive rate of the four seasons was 18. 28%(833/4 556 cases),13. 86%(625/4 508 cases),5. 91%(684/4 298 cases),27. 68%(1 178/4 256 cases),respectively,and detection rate in winter was the highest,and the least in summer. In the single virus infection,bronchiolitis had the highest percentage(36. 32%,25/69 cases),and the least rate was 5. 83%(63/1 080 cases)of lobar pneumonia. Conclusions Monitored for 10 years of the virus respiratory infection in Suzhou area,RSV,HRV and hBoV turned out to play an important role in respiratory tract infection in children. The children less than 3 years old are the most susceptible to virus infection. The epidemic season of each virus is different and characteristic.

Analysis of infection composition and drug resistance to Gram-negative bacilli in children′s respiratory tract in Suzhou from 2007 to 2016 / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective@#To analyze the infection composition and drug resistance to Gram-negative (G-) bacilli in children′s respiratory tract in Suzhou, in order to provide evidence for rational use of antibiotics clinically.@*Methods@#G- bacilli culture samples were collected from 21 561 cases of nasopharyngeal secretions from patients with respiratory tract infection admitted at the Department of Respiratory, Children′s Hospital of Soochow University from January 2007 to December 2016, including 21 246 cases in general wards, and 315 patients who were transferred to the respiratory department after treatment in the Intensive Care Unit(ICU), and the children were divided into the general ward group and the ICU group, and the pathogens were compared and the changes in bacterial susceptibility were dynamically observed between the 2 groups.@*Results@#The primary G-bacteria for respiratory infection was Haemophilus influenzae, followed by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii.The detection rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the ICU group were 16.8% (21/125 strains)and 14.4%(18/125 strains), respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the general ward group [10.0%(208/2 071 strains), 9.2%(190/2 071 strains)]. The detection rates of G-bacteria in the ICU group were 33.7%(106/315 cases), which were significantly higher than those in the general ward group [9.4%(1 997/21 246 cases)], and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=210.325, P<0.001). The rare G-bacillus such as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Acinetobacter junii and Burkholderia onion were higher in the ICU group [17.6%(22/125 strains)] than that in the general ward group [6.4% (132/2 071 strains)]. The rate that of G-bacteria with two or more mixed infection in ICU group [17.0% (18/106 cases)] was significantly higher than in the general ward group [3.4%(68/1 997 cases)], and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=47.3, P<0.05). For the mixed infection, the ICU group was mainly composed of Klebsiella pneumoniae mixed with Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Escherichia coli, while the general ward group was composed of Haemophilus influenzae mixed with Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Escherichia coli.The sensitivity of Haemophilus influenzae to Ampicillin, Sultamicillin, Cefuroxime, Cefaclor and Azithromycin decreased, and the sensitivity to Chloramphenicol, Tetracycline and Trimethoprim+ Sulfamethoxazole increased year by year, and there were statistically significant differences in different years (all P<0.05). The sensiti-vity to Escherichia coli to Ceftazidime decreased year by year, and the sensitivity to Ampicillin and Levofloxacin increased year by year, and there were statistically significant differences in different years (all P<0.05). The sensitivity to Klebsiella pneumoniae to Cefoperazone/Sulbactam and imipenem decreased, and the sensitivity to Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin increased, and there were statistically significant differences in different years (all P<0.05). The sensitivity to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Cefoperazone/Sulbactam and Ceftriaxone decreased year by year, and the sensitivity to Levofloxacin increased, and there were statistically significant differences in different years (all P<0.05). The detection rate of carbapenem-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed an increasing trend, and there were statistically significant differences in different years (all P<0.05).@*Conclusions@#The primary G-bacteria for respiratory infections is Haemophilus influenzae, G-bacilli especially, the mixed infection of G-bacilli, is more likely to cause severe and critical respiratory infections.The resistance rate of G-bacteria infection in children′s respiratory tract to commonly used antibiotics is generally on the rise.

Study on lung function and inflammatory indicators among infants with high_risk asthma / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To analyze the changes in lung function and inflammatory indicators such as eosino-phils(EOS),Creola bodies and exhaled nitric oxide(FeNO),and to explore their value in early diagnosing asthma. Methods One hundred and thirty-five infants with high-risk asthma were selected as an observation group who were admitted to Department of Respiratory,Childrenˊs Hospital of Soochow University from April 2016 to August 2017 due to asthmatic bronchitis and asthmatic bronchopneumonia,and a total of 200 non -asthmatic and non -allergic healthy children who were screened and followed up at the Department of Cardiology in the same period were selected as a healthy control group for the measurement of moist respiratory lung function and FeNO. In the observation group,the bronchial dilation test(BDT),EOS and Creola bodies were performed simultaneously. Classification of lung function:23%≤time to peak ratio(TPTEF/Te)<28% had mild obstruction,15%≤TPTEF/Te<23% had moderate obstruc-tion,and TPTEF/Te<15% showed severe obstruction. Results The TPTEF/Te[17. 20%(8. 10%)],volume to peak ratio(VPEF/Ve)[21. 20%(6. 20%)],tidal volume per kilogram of body weight(VT/kg)[7. 80(3. 70)]and ratio of tidal expiratory flow 25% to peak tidal expiratory flow(25/PF)[0. 54(0. 20)]in the observation group were signifi-cantly lower than those in the healthy control group[22. 30%(9. 22%),27. 15%(7. 10%),8. 90(3. 17),0. 60 (0. 18)],and the differences were statistically significant(Z＝ -6. 81,-9. 35,-3. 16,-3. 52,all P<0. 05). BDT positive rate in the mild obstruction group was 20. 00%(3/15 cases),BDT positive rate in the moderate obstruction group was 26. 56%(17/64 cases),and BDT positive rate in the severe obstruction group was 48. 72%(19/39 cases). The higher the degree of obstruction,the higher the value of BDT positive diagnosis(F＝6. 353,P<0. 05). BDT of VPEF/Ve,25/PF and TPTEF/Te were consistent and statistically significant(Kappa＝0. 78,0. 49,all P<0. 001). Ti-dal expiratory flow 50% -remaining(TEF50% -r)[(117. 86 ± 42. 16)mL/s],tidal expiratory flow 25% -remai- ning(TEF25% -r)[(82. 82 ± 35. 44)mL/s]in the second wheezing group were higher than those in the first whee-zing group[(92. 81 ± 28. 40)mL/s,(65. 22 ± 24. 93)mL/s],and the differences were statistically significant( t＝3. 34,2. 77,all P <0. 05). There was no statistically significant difference in sputum EOS,FeNO and Creola body scores among wheezing children between the first and second groups(all P>0. 05). FeNO in the observation group [3. 80(5. 43)μg/L]was significantly lower than that in the healthy control group[9. 60(11. 3)μg/L],and the diffe-rence was statistically significant(Z＝14. 56,P<0. 05). Sputum EOS had a positive correlation with blood EOS and Creola bodies(r＝0. 20,0. 21,all P<0. 05);there was no correlation between lung function parameters and inflamma-tory indices(all P>0. 05). Conclusions In the acute phase of infant asthma attack,the pulmonary function presents different degrees of obstructive ventilation dysfunction,the higher the degree of obstruction,the higher the diagnostic value of BDT. The value of single FeNO measurement is limited,and continuous dynamic monitoring may be more mea-ningful in predicting the occurrence of asthma. Detection of Creola bodies may be helpful in predicting asthma.

Analysis of infection composition and drug resistance to Gram-negative bacilli in children's respiratory tract in Suzhou from 2007 to 2016 / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To analyze the infection composition and drug resistance to Gram-negative (G-) bacilli in children's respiratory tract in Suzhou,in order to provide evidence for rational use of antibiotics clinically.Methods G-bacilli culture samples were collected from 21 561 cases of nasopharyngeal secretions from patients with respiratory tract infection admitted at the Department of Respiratory,Children's Hospital of Soochow University from January 2007 to December 2016,including 21 246 cases in general wards,and 315 patients who were transferred to the respiratory department after treatment in the Intensive Care Unit(ICU),and the children were divided into the general ward group and the ICU group,and the pathogens were compared and the changes in bacterial susceptibility were dynamically observed between the 2 groups.Results The primary G-bacteria for respiratory infection was Haemophilus influenzae,followed by Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii.The detection rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the ICU group were 16.8％ (21/125 strains) and 14.4％ (18/125 strains),respectively,which were significantly higher than those in the general ward group [10.0％ (208/2 071 strains),9.2％ (190/2 071 strains)].The detection rates of G-bacteria in the ICU group were 33.7％ (106/315 cases),which were significantly higher than those in the general ward group [9.4％ (1 997/21 246 cases)],and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =210.325,P ＜ 0.001).The rare G-bacillus such as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia,Acinetobacter junii and Burkholderia onion were higher in the ICU group [17.6％ (22/125 strains)] than that in the general ward group [6.4％ (132/2 071 strains)].The rate that of G bacteria with two or more mixed infection in ICU group [17.0％ (18/106 cases)] was significantly higher than in the general ward group [3.4％ (68/1 997 cases)],and the difference was statistically sigmficant(x2 =47.3,P ＜0.05).For the mixed infection,the ICU group was mainly composed of Klebsiella pneumoniae mixed with Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Escherichia coli,while the general ward group was composed of Haemophilus influenzae mixed with Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Escherichia coli.The sensitivity of Haemophilus infiuenzae to Ampicillin,Sultamicillin,Cefuroxime,Cefaclor and Azithromycin decreased,and the sensitivity to Chloramphenicol,Tetracycline and Trimethoprim + Sulfamethoxazole increased year by year,and there were statistically significant differences in different years (all P ＜ 0.05).The sensitivity to Escherichia coli to Ceftazidime decreased year by year,and the sensitivity to Ampicillin and Levofloxacin increased year by year,and there were statistically significant differences in different years (all P ＜ 0.05).The sensitivity to Klebsiella pneumoniae to Cefoperazone/Sulbactam and imipenem decreased,and the sensitivity to Ciprofloxacin and Levofloxacin increased,and there were statistically significant differences in different years (all P ＜ 0.05).The sensitivity to Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Cefoperazone/Sulbactam and Ceftriaxone decreased year by year,and the sensitivity to Levofloxacin increased,and there were statistically significant differences in different years (all P ＜ 0.05).The detection rate of carbapenem-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed an increasing trend,and there were statistically significant differences in different years (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The primary G-bacteria for respiratory infections is Haemophilus influenzae,G-bacilli especially,the mixed infection of G-bacilli,is more likely to cause severe and critical respiratory infections.The resistance rate of G-bacteria infection in children's respiratory tract to commonly used antibiotics is generally on the rise.

Epidemiological analysis of influenza virus type A in hospitalized children with respiratory tract infection in Suzhou area from 2006 to 2015 / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

Objective@#To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza virus type A (FluA) in children with respiratory tract infection, and to provide scientific basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.@*Methods@#Sputum specimens of 35 529 cases of hospitalized children with respiratory tract diseases from January 2006 to December 2015 in Suzhou were collected. FluA was detected by direct immunofluorescence and the FluA detection result was analyzed. Groups were compared with chi-square test.@*Results@#The FluA infection rate was 1.60% in 35 529 children. The FluA infection rate of boys was 1.58%, and the rate of girls was 1.63%. There was no obvious statistically significant difference in sex (χ2=0.139, P=0.709). The FluA infection rates of children at the age of less than 1 year, less than 3 years, less than 7 years and older than 7 years respectively were 1.12%, 2.49%, 1.78%, and 1.24%; there was significant differences among these result (χ2=75.401, P=0.000). The FluA infection rates in spring, summer, autumn and winter respectively were 0.88%, 1.44%, 1.32%, 2.70%. The rates in four seasons had significant difference (χ2=105.432, P=0.000). The FluA infection rate was the highest in winter and the lowest in spring. The FluA infection rate was 6.55% in the autumn of 2008, which was the highest in the recent ten years.@*Conclusions@#FluA is one of the important pathogens of respiratory tract infection in children in Suzhou area. The infection rate of infant is higher and the epidemic peak is in winter. The FluA infection has obvious epidemic season and year. The FluA infection rates in Suzhou area are 0.64%-3.49%, and there was no outbreak in the recent ten years.

Pathologic features on gonadal changes of sexual developmental disorders in children / 中华病理学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the pathologic features of gonadal tissues of disorders of sexual development (DSD) in children.@*Methods@#Fifty-three cases of gonadal developmental disorders were collected from July 2015 to August 2017 at Guangzhou Women and Children′s Medical Center. Clinical manifestations, karyotypes, sex hormone levels, ultrasound imaging, histology and immunophenotype of gonadal tissues were analyzed.@*Results@#The age of patients ranged from 7 months to 17 years with an average of (50.7 ± 47.1) months. Social genders of the patients included 32 males and 21 females. Forty-eight patients had abnormal sex hormone levels. Clinical presentations included: toward female genitalia in 25 cases, male genitalia tendency in 17 cases and ambiguous external genitalia in 11 cases. Hypospadias was seen in 31 cases and short stature was seen in 8 cases. Chromosomal karyotyping of peripheral blood revealed 23 cases of sex chromosome disorders, 22 cases of 46 XY disorders, of which 3 cases were 5α-reductase deficiency and 8 cases of 46 XX disorders. Ultrasound examination showed cryptorchidism in 30 cases, including 16 cases of unilateral, 14 cases of bilateral and 1 case presenting a huge pelvic tumor. A total of 97 gonadal tissues from 53 cases of DSD were examined, including 9 cases of unilateral and 44 cases of bilateral gonads. Microscopically, 55 gonads (56.7%) showed dysplastic testes including 17 unilateral and 19 bilateral gonads. Fourteen were streak gonads (14.4%) including 8 unilateral and 3 bilateral gonadal tissues. Nine streak gonad with epithelial cord-like structures (9.3%) were found, of which 5 were unilateral and 2 were bilateral lesions. Seven gonads were ovotestis (7.2%), unilateral in 5 cases (the other side of the gonads of ovary in 4 cases, 1 case of dysplastic testes) and bilateral in 1 case. Seven gonads showed follicular-rich ovarian tissue (7.2%). One case showed bilateral dysplastic testes with gonadoblastoma and ectopic adrenal cortex. One case of streak gonad showed epithelial cord-like structures and undifferentiated glandular tissue embedded in malignant mixed germ cell tumors (mixed gonadoblastoma, dysgerminoma, mature teratoma and yolk sac tumor). One case had testicular microlithiasis. Uterus and fallopian tube structures were found in 11 cases. Immunohistochemical stains were performed in 15 cases. D2-40, PLAP and CKIT were expressed in germ cells and Calretinin, WT1 and inhibin were positive in Setoli cells. SALL4 and OCT3/4 were positive in 3 cases. Inhibin highlighted interstitial Leydig cells in 2 cases. GPC3 was positive in yolk sac tumor component.@*Conclusions@#Gonadal dysgenesis presents a broad spectrum of gonadal phenotypes with variable degrees of differentiation. The development of bilateral gonadal tissues has certain variability. Chromosomal karyotypes have no correlation with gonadal phenotypes. Accurate histopathologic diagnosis of gonadal dysgenesis plays an important role in the treatment and prognosis of the patient.

Analysis of clinical characteristics and laboratory indexes of pneumonia complicated with pertussis syndrome in Suzhou area from 2012 to 2016 / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and laboratory indexes of pneumonia complicated with pertussis syndrome in Suzhou area in order to provide the basis for rational treatment.Methods Children who had been hospitalized at Department of Respiratory,Children's Hospital of Soochow University during January 2012 to October 2016 were enrotled and diagnosed as pneumonia complicated with pertussis syndrome.A total of 236 cases were enrolled.Multiple pathogen detection and clinical information were collected in all patients.The subjects were divided into 28 days-＜ 3 months group,3-＜ 6 months old group,6-＜ 12 months old group and ≥ 12 months old group.The clinical data of children in each age group were retrospectively analyzed.Results Pneumonia complicated with pertussis syndrome was easy to occur within 6 months of infants,with the highest incidence in the 3-＜ 6 months group,there was a significant difference among the different age groups (x2 =231.870,P ＜ 0.05) [28 d-＜ 3 months group:5.3％ (102/1 910 cases),3-＜6 months group:5.7％ (76/1 341 cases),6-＜ 12 months group:2.0％ (36/1 762 cases),≥12 months group:0.4％ (22/5 304 cases)].The patients could become sick all the year round,with the highest incidence in summer[2.6％ (72/2 740 cases)in spring,3.7％ (96/2 611 cases)in summer,2.1％ (56/2 749 cases) in autumn,and 0.48％ (12/2 487 cases)in winter],and there were significant differences among the different seasons (x2 =62.380,P ＜0.001).Clinical symptoms were paroxysmal spasmodic cough,33.0％ (78/236 cases) of the performance with wheezing,mainly in the older than 3 months group.The incidence of fever was positively correlated with age(x2 =12.938,P ＜ 0.05).Peripheral white blood cell count and lymphocyte percentage increased,and the 3-＜ 6 months old group increased markedly.White blood cell count as high as (19.01 ± 11.99) × 109/L,the highest percentage of lymphocytes was up to 0.80,platelets were significantly increased in more than 80％ of children.The incidence of C-reactive protein (CRP) was negatively correlated with age,28 days-＜ 3 months group more prone to have high CRP.Pulmonary inflammatory pathology showed multiple pulmonary involvement by chest radiography,and it was more likely to occur in 28 d-＜ 3 months group.Viruses,bacteria and mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) could cause pneumonia associated with pertussis syndrome,and mixed infection occurred in 56 cases.The top three pathogens were rhinovirus,MP and Streptococcus pneumoniae,and mixed infection was more prone to occur in 28 d-＜ 3 months group.Conclusion Pneumonia complicated with pertussis syndrome is easy to occur within 6 months of infants,with the highest incidence in summer.Viruses,bacteria and MP all could cause pneumonia associated with pertussis syndrome,and mixed infection could occur in some cases.The top three pathogens are rhinovirus,MP and Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Risk factors of multiple bronchoscope lavage therapy in children with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the risk factors of single and multiple bronchoscopic lavage therapy in children with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(RMPP).Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted of the clinical data of 332 RMPP children at Department of Respiratory Disease,Children's Hospital of Soochow University from January 2011 to December 2016.The patients were divided into the single group and the multiple group (≥2 times),and the correlative index were compared between the 2 groups.Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the risk factors of multiple bronchoscopic lavage therapy in RMPP patients.Results Among 332 children,223 cases were in the single group and 109 cases in the multiple group.Children undergoing multiple bronchoscopy had the fever duration ≥ 10 days before the bronchoscopy and course of disease ≥ 10 days before the bronchoscopy,more than those in the single group [118 cases (52.9％) vs.71 cases (65.1％),69 cases (29.6％) vs.45 cases(41.3％)],and the differences were statistically significant(all P ＜ 0.05).At the same time,the use of glucocorticoid,macrolide,glucocorticoid combined with macrolide antibiotics in the first week of illness were significantly lower in the multiple groups than those in the single group,and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).In the multiple group,the percentage of neutrophils (N),C-reactive protein (CRP),CRP ＞ 44 mg/L,lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and LDH ＞ 480 U/L were higher than those in the single group,and the differences were significant (all P ＜ 0.05).In addition,the mixed infection and pleural effusion of multiple group were higher than those of the single group.The proportion of bronchoscopy in the multiple group was higher than that of the single group.In bronchoscopy,the mucus plug blocking and mucosal erosion were more than those of the single group,and the differences were statistically significant (x2 =5.397,13.31,all P ＜ 0.05).After adjusted by multiple regression analysis,6 factors were independent risk factors for multiple bronchoscopic procedures.They were the fever duration before the bronchoscopy ≥ 10 days[odds ratio (OR) =19.504,95 ％ confidence interval (CI):7.350-51.754,P =0.000],the unuse of macrolide antibiotics in the first week of illness (OR =5.072,95％ CI:2.230-11.537,P =0.000),the unuse of glucocorticoid in the first week of illness (OR =14.051,95 ％ CI:4.755-41.522,P =0.000),CRP ＞ 44 mg/L (OR =2.638,95 ％ CI:1.356-5.133,P =0.004),LDH ＞ 480 U/L(OR =2.326,95％ CI:1.302-4.157,P =0.004) and mucosal erosion (OR =11.15,95％ CI:2.503-49.715,P =0.002).Conclusion Severe inflammatory reaction and whether or not to actively resist infection and inflammation in the early stage,were important risk factors for multiple bronchoscopic procedures.

Epidemiological characteristics of Streptococcus pneumoniae and its correlation with air pollutants in children with respiratory tract infection in Suzhou area / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Streptococcus pneumonia (SP) in children with respiratory tract infection in Suzhou area,and the correlation between the air pollutants and the epidemiological characteristics of SP.Methods The real-time air quality test data of Suzhou in Jiangsu province was recorded from January 2012 to December 2014,and sputum specimens of 6 653 cases of hospitalized children with respiratory tract diseases in the same period were collected.The SP detection content and the correlation between SP and the concentration level of PM2.5,PM 10,nitrogen dioxide (NO2),sulfur dioxide (SO2),carbon monoxide (CO),ozone (O3) in Suzhou were analyzed.Results The SP detection rate was 9.94％ in 6 653 children.The SP detection rates were respoctively 7.69％ (183/2 381 cases),10.87％ (235/2 161 cases),11.51％ (243/2 111 cases) between 2012 and 2014.The SP detection rates of children at the age of ≤ 1 year old,＞ 1-3 years old,＞ 3-＜ 7 years old and ≥ 7 years old more respectively were 7.11％ (227/3 192 cases),13.48％ (244/1 810 cases),13.76％ (168/1 221 cases),5.12％ (22/430 cases).The SP detection rate of children at the age of ＞ 1-3 years old and ＞3-＜7 years old was higher than that of ≤ 1 years old and ≥7 years old,and the difference was significant (x2 =84.980,P ＜ 0.001).The SP detection rates in spring,summer,antumn and winter respectively were 9.79％ (173/1 768 cases),7.66％ (130/ 1 697 cases),11.76％ (187/1 590 cases),10.70％ (171/1 598 cases).The SP detection rate of children in summer was the lowest (x2 =4.897,15.839,9.165,all P ＜ 0.05).The concentrations of PM2.5,PM 10,SO2,NO2,CO and O3 were in a state of fluctuation during the survey period.The SP detection rate had positive correlation with the concentration of PM2.5,PM10,SO2,NO2,CO and O3 (r =0.650,0.586,0.680,0.467,all P ＜ 0.005),and there was no obvious correlation between the SP detection rate and the concentration of CO,O3 (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions SP is one of the important pathogens of respiratory tract infection in children in Suzhou area,and the detection rate in infants and preschoolers is higher but the detection rate in summer is lower.The SP detection rate is closely correlated with the concentration of PM2.5,PM10,SO2,NO2.

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of respiratory human parainfluenza virus infection in children / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To study the epidemiological and clinical features of human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) infection in children in Suzhou,and to provide the evidence-based foundation for early warning,diagnosis and treatment of respiratory infection in children.Methods The sputum specimens and medical history were obtained from children with acute respiratory tract infection hospitalized at the Childen's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University from January 2006 to December 2015.Seven kinds of common respiratory viruses including respiratory syncytial virus,influenza virus A,influenza virus B,HPIV Ⅰ,HPIV Ⅱ,HPⅣV Ⅲ and adenovirus were detected by using the direct im-munofluorescence.Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP),chlamydia pneumoniae,human bocavirns (hBoV) were detected by using fluorescence quantitative PCR.Rhinovirus and human metapneumovirus were detected by using reverse transcription-PCR.Sputum was cultured for bacteria.Results In 21 769 cases,the detection rate of HPIV positive was 3.21％ (829 cases),among which,HPIV Ⅰ,HPIV Ⅱ,HPIV Ⅲ were respectively detected in 113 cases (0.52％),16 cases (0.07 ％) and 700 cases (3.21％),respectively.There were 378 cases of simple infection and 428 cases of mixed infection,and the mixed infection was very common in Streptococcus pneumoniae,Haemophilus influenza,MP and hBoV.There was a difference in HPIV infection among genders,and the detection rate of the boys was higher than that of girls[4.14％ (563/13 591 cases) vs.3.25％ (266/8 178 cases),x2 =11.036,P =0.001].In the 28 d-1 year old and ＞ 1-3 year old group,the detection rate of HPIV was higher[4.71％ (494/10 476 cases) and 4.21％ (244/5 793 cases),respectively].In spring and summer,there was a higher detection rate of HPIV infection.The clinical manifestations with simple infection of HPIV Ⅰ and HPIV Ⅲ were cough,fever and wheezing.The rate of fever and shortness of breath in those of HPIV Ⅰ was 71.74％ (33/46 cases),10.87％ (5/46 cases),and that in HPIV Ⅲ was 40.12％ (134/334 cases),2.10％ (7/334 cases),HPIV Ⅰ infection was more likely to cause fever and shortness of breath than those of HPIV Ⅲ,there were significant differences (x2 =16.410,P ＜ 0.001;x2 =10.177,P =0.001).Pneumonia had the highest detection rate of viral infection.Conclusions HPIV Ⅲ is the leading pathogen among the types of HPIV in the hospitalized children in Suzhou area.Among the subtypes of HPIV,the peak of HPIV infection occurs in spring and summer.The children less than 3 years old are the most susceptible to parainfluenza virus,and the HPIV detection rate is gradually declines with age.

Therapeutic effects of anti-B7-H3 monoclonal antibody in a murine model of neutrophilic asthma / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of anti-B7-H3 blocking monoclonal antibody(McAb) in a murine model of neutrophilic asthma. Methods Twenty-four female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into four groups: PBS control group (group A), neutrophilic asthma group (group B),anti-B7-H3 McAb group (group C) and IgG isotype control group (group D). Those in group A were sensitized by injection of PBS and challenged with PBS through inhalation,while the other mice were sensi-tized by injection of ovalbumin (OVA) plus airway instillation of lipopolysaccharide(LPS),and then chal-lenged with OVA. Moreover,mice in group C and group D were respectively injected with anti-B7-H3 McAb and IgG isotype control in the induction period. Each mouse′s performance was observed. Samples of bron-choalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues were collected. Total and differential cell counts in BALF were determined by using microscope. Levels of cytokines including IFN-γ,IL-4,IL-6,IL-17,tumor nec-rosis factor-α (TNF-α) and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in BALF were measured by ELISA. Lung sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) to identify tissue inflammation and mucus production,respectively. Immunohistochemistry was used to measure the expression of B7-H3 in frozen mouse lung sections. Results Mice in group B and group D showed asth-matic symptoms such as breathlessness,dysphoria and incontinence after nebulization,while these symptoms in group C were alleviated due to anti-B7-H3 McAb treatment. No abnormalities were observed in group A. Compared with group A,the other three groups showed increased total cell count in BALF and higher per-centages of neutrophil and eosinophil(P<0.05). These three indicators in group C were lower than those in group B and group D (P<0.05). With regard to lung infiltration by Th1,Th2 and Th17 cells,the levels of IFN-γ,IL-4,IL-6,IL-17,TNF-α and G-CSF in BALF were increased in group B,group C and group D as compared with those in group A. Compared with group C,group B and group D showed higher levels of IL-6, TNF-α,IL-17 and G-CSF(P<0.05),but lower level of IL-4(P<0.05). No statistical difference in the level of IFN-γ was observed among group B, group C and group D. Histological staining of lung sections showed that no obvious inflammatory cells and mucus secretion was observed in group A. Massive infiltration of inflammatory cells and neutrophils and mucus hypersecretion were detected in group B and group D. Treatment with anti-B7-H3 McAb inhibited the accumulation of neutrophils and mucus hypersecretion in lung tissues of group C. Compared with group A, levels of B7-H3-positive cells were significantly increased in group B and group D. Anti-B7-H3-treated mice showed reduced levels of B7-H3-positive cells in lung tissues as compared with those in group B and group D(P<0.05). Conclusion Treatment with anti-B7-H3 bloc-king McAb in an early stage can relieve the asthmatic syndrome, reduce airway inflammatory cells, inhibit mucus production and down-regulate Th17 cell-related cytokine secretion,which helps to alleviate airway and systematic inflammation in mice with NA,and partially inhibit the development of NA.

Correlation between response to hepatitis B virus vaccine and cellular immunity and clinical characteristics in children with respiratory infection / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To analyze the correlation between response to hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine and cellular immunity and clinical characteristics in children with respiratory infection.Methods Nine hundred and sixty children in Department of Respiratory in Children's Hospital of of Soochow University,who were over 7 months old and had full course of HBV vaccination between January and December 2015 were enrolled in this study.Peripheral blood (1-2 mL) was collected,and antigen-antibody of HBV was detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and PCR included HBV surface antigen,hepatitis B antibody,HBV e antigen,HBV e antibody,HBV core antibody,and HBV nucleic acid.According to the results,these children were divided into 4 groups:non response group,low response group,normal response group and high response group according to their responses to HBV vaccine.Cellular immunity was detected by using flow cytometry and patients' clinical data was collected.Results There was no statistical differences of CD3 + CD4 +,which were (3.43 ± 0.28) ％,(3.42 ± 0.30) ％,(3.43 ± 0.36) ％ and (3.52 ± 0.29) ％,among the four groups (F =0.520,P =0.669).CD3 + CD8 + in non response group was (3.18 ±0.28)％,which was significantly higher than that in low response group,normal response group and high response group [(3.08 ± 0.36)％,(3.05 ±0.34)％,(2.93 ±0.30)％],the differences were significant (all P＜0.05);CD4/CD8 in non response group (0.26 ± 0.43) were significantly lower than that in normal response group (0.40 ± 0.50),the differences were significant (P =0.001).There was no significant difference of CD3 +,CD3 + CD8 + and CD4/CD8 among low response group,normal response group and high response group (all P ＞ 0.05).CD3-CD19 + and CD19 + CD23 + level were lowest in non response group [(3.00 ± 0.57) ％,(2.25 ± 0.67) ％] and highest in high response group [(3.33 ± 0.45) ％,(2.57 ± 0.38) ％],the differences were significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Among the 4 groups,children in normal response group had the shortest average hospitalization days [(1.88 ±-0.31) d],which was significantly shorter than that in non response group,low response group and high response group [(1.96 ± 0.39) d,(1.95 ± 0.38) d,(1.96 ±0.15) d],the differences were significant (all P ＜0.05),there was no significantly difference of average hospitalization days among other 3 groups (all P ＞ 0.05).Proportion of severe pneumonia was significantly higher in non response group [6.1％ (22/363cases)] and high response group [13.3％ (2/15 cases)] compared to those in normal response group [2.6％ (7/274cases)],the differences were statistically significant (x2 =4.417,P =0.036;x2 =5.476,P =0.019).The total white blood cell number was lowest in non response group (F =4.695,P =0.003).Platelet number was increased with higher degree of response to HBV (F =6.598,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusions Cellular immunity is lower in respiratory infection children with non response or low response to HBV vaccine.After they have respiratory infection,children with non response to HBV vaccine may have a longer course of disease and worse condition.