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BACKGROUND: Soapberry (Sapindus mukorossi) is an economically important multifunctional tree species. Triterpenoid saponins have many functions in soapberry. However, the types of uridine diphosphate (UDP) glucosyltransferases (UGTs) involved in the synthesis of triterpenoid saponins in soapberry have not been clarified. RESULTS: In this study, 42 SmUGTs were identified in soapberry, which were unevenly distributed on 12 chromosomes and had sequence lengths of 450 bp to 1638 bp, with an average of 1388 bp. The number of amino acids in SmUGTs was 149 to 545, with an average of 462. Most SmUGTs were acidic and hydrophilic unstable proteins, and their secondary structures were mainly α-helices and random coils. All had conserved UDPGT and PSPG-box domains. Phylogenetic analysis divided them into four subclasses, which glycosylated different carbon atoms. Prediction of cis-acting elements suggested roles of SmUGTs in plant development and responses to environmental stresses. The expression patterns of SmUGTs differed according to the developmental stage of fruits, as determined by transcriptomics and RT-qPCR. Co-expression network analysis of SmUGTs and related genes/transcription factors in the triterpenoid saponin synthesis pathway was also performed. The results indicated potential roles for many transcription factors, such as SmERFs, SmGATAs and SmMYBs. A correlation analysis showed that 42 SmUGTs were crucial in saponin synthesis in soapberry. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest optimal targets for manipulating glycosylation in soapberry triterpenoid saponin biosynthesis; they also provide a theoretical foundation for further evaluation of the functions of SmUGTs and analyses of their biosynthetic mechanisms.
Subject(s)
Glucosyltransferases , Phylogeny , Sapindus , Saponins , Triterpenes , Saponins/biosynthesis , Saponins/metabolism , Sapindus/genetics , Sapindus/metabolism , Triterpenes/metabolism , Glucosyltransferases/genetics , Glucosyltransferases/metabolism , Genes, Plant , Plant Proteins/genetics , Plant Proteins/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, PlantABSTRACT
Peptide ALW (ALWPPNLHAWVP) targeting anti-dsDNA antibodies has shown promising therapeutic effects in alleviating lupus nephritis, but is potentially limited by poor stability and non-kidney targeting. We recently developed a D-form modified ALW, called D-ALW, which has the capacity to widely inhibit pathogenic polyclonal anti-dsDNA antibody reactions. Further modification of D-ALW using PEG-PLGA nanoparticles to enhance good kidney-targeting ability and extend half-life. Here, we demonstrate that the D-form modified ALW maintains higher binding and inhibition efficiencies and achieves higher stability. Most importantly, D-ALW nanoparticles exhibit excellent kidney-targeting ability and prolong the half-life of the peptides in BALB/c mice. Additionally, compared to D-ALW, D-ALW nanoparticles significantly reduce the glomerular deposition of IgG and C3, improve renal histopathologies, such as glomerular proliferation and inflammatory cells infiltration, and markedly prolong lifespan in MRL/lpr lupus-prone mice. Overall, these results establish that the D-ALW nanoparticles offer synergistic benefits in both safety and efficacy, providing long-term renal preservation and treatment advantages in lupus nephritis.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Antinuclear , Disease Models, Animal , Lupus Nephritis , Mice, Inbred MRL lpr , Nanoparticles , Animals , Lupus Nephritis/immunology , Lupus Nephritis/drug therapy , Mice , Antibodies, Antinuclear/immunology , Nanoparticles/chemistry , Female , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Kidney/pathology , Kidney/metabolism , Peptides/chemistry , Peptides/immunology , Immunoglobulin G/immunology , HumansABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: To develop a novel ultrasound scoring system for the major salivary glands in patients with immunoglobulin G4-related sialadenitis (IgG4-RS) and assess its diagnostic value in a multicenter cohort of Chinese patients. METHODS: Twenty clinicians (rheumatologists, stomatologists, and radiologists) participated. The study was conducted in four steps: (1) defining the ultrasonography (US) elements, (2) developing a novel ultrasound scoring system for US of the salivary glands, (3) evaluation of inter- and intra-reader reliabilities using the new ultrasound scoring system, and (4) assessing the diagnostic value of this novel ultrasound scoring system in IgG4-RS patients in a Chinese multicenter cohort. RESULTS: A novel ultrasound scoring system for the salivary glands was developed, with total scores ranging from 0 to 34. The inter- and intra-reader reliabilities of the ultrasound scoring system were excellent (0.972 and 0.940, respectively). A total of 470 people were recruited in this study; 187 patients were diagnosed with IgG4-RS, and the remaining 283 people were diagnosed with non-IgG4-RS. Patients with IgG4-RS had significantly higher US scores than the non-IgG4-RS group (mean US score=16 vs. 4, P < 0.001). The calculated area under the curve (AUC) for the total US score was 0.852 (95% CI: 0.814-0.891). The total US scores≥9 showed a sensitivity of 75.4% and a specificity of 91.9%. Association analysis showed a positive correlation between total US scores and serum IgG4 levels and hypocomplementemia (r=0.221, r=0.349; P = 0.002) and a negative correlation between total US scores and serum C3 and C4 levels (r=-0.210, r=-0.303; P = 0.005, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: A novel semiquantitative ultrasound scoring system for patients with IgG4-RS was developed, with good diagnostic performance. The inter- and intra-reader reliabilities were excellent. US scores were correlated with IgG4, C3, and C4 levels and hypocomplementemia.
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BACKGROUND: Given the importance of perceptions of decent work for nursing students' future career choices, we attempted to determine potential classifications and characteristics of nursing students' perceptions of decent work so that targeted interventions could be developed. METHODS: A convenience sample of 1004 s- to fourth-year nursing students completed the General Information Questionnaire, Self-Regulatory Fatigue Scale, Occupational Identity Questionnaire, and Decent Work Perceptions Scale in a cross-sectional survey in Heilongjiang Province, China, resulting in 630 valid questionnaires with a valid return rate of 62.75%. Nursing students' perceptions of decent work were defined using descriptive and regression analysis. RESULTS: Latent profile analysis (LPA) identified three subgroups: low perceived decent work group, medium perceived decent work group, and high perceived decent work group, accounting for 4.76%, 69.37%, and 25.87% of the sample, respectively. The results of unordered multiclass logistic regression show that nursing students with relatively low levels of perceived decent work are more likely to have a low professional identity, a lack of respect for nursing seniors, an involuntary choice of nursing major, and a low family income. CONCLUSION: Different types of nursing students have different perceptions of decent work, and these universities and related departments can use different educational guidance strategies.
Subject(s)
Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate , Students, Nursing , Humans , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , China , PerceptionABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Peeling of crayfish is a very important process in production. Crayfish peeling by machine can increase production efficiency and enhance safety in the production process. The tight muscle-shell attachment causes difficulty in peeling freshly caught crayfish. However, few studies have explored the changes in crayfish quality under favorable shell-loosening treatments. RESULTS: In this study, the shell-loosening properties of crayfish and changes in crayfish quality, microstructure and protein fluorescent features were investigated after high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment. New methods were established to measure the peeling performance of crayfish, which are peelability and meat yield rate (MYR). The normalization of peelability and MYR were verified by different weights of crayfish tails and different treatments. The peeling effect of HHP-treated crayfish was evaluated by a new quantitative measurement method, and MYR was calculated. The results showed that all the HHP treatments reduced crayfish peeling work and increased MYR. The HHP treatment provided better crayfish quality in terms of texture and color and enlarged the shell-loosening gap. Among all HHP treatments, 200 MPa treatment exhibited lower peeling work, higher MYR and an expansion of the shell-loosening gap, reaching up to 573.8 µm. At the same time, 200 MPa treatment could maintain crayfish quality. CONCLUSION: The findings outlined above suggest that high pressure is a promising method for loosening crayfish shells. 200 MPa is an optimal HHP treatment condition for crayfish peeling, exhibiting a promising application in industrial processing. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Subject(s)
Astacoidea , Food Microbiology , Animals , Hydrostatic Pressure , Food Handling/methods , Seafood/analysisABSTRACT
Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1), a hormone receptor essential to the activation of HPA axis and the subsequent release of cortisol, plays critical roles in emotional and behavioral responses relevant to attachment. However, the specific roles of CRHR1 polymorphisms in attachment remain unclear. To further clarify these genetic effects, this research conducted a three-wave study to investigate whether the CRHR1 polymorphisms (i.e., rs110402 and rs242924) are associated with the stability and variability of attachment by using a sample of freshmen (N = 604; Mage = 18.57 years, SD = 1.90; 68.8% girls). The results showed that rs110402 and rs242924 were associated with the stability of closeness-dependence. The G alleles of the both polymorphisms were found not to be related to lower attachment stability. However, these polymorphisms were not associated with the variability of attachment. Overall, these findings provide evidence for the contribution of CRHR1 to attachment stability.
Subject(s)
Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Emotions , Genotype , Pituitary-Adrenal System , Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/geneticsABSTRACT
Attachment in emerging adults is closely intertwined with emotion regulation, stress coping, and social bonding during the transition from childhood to early adulthood. Due to the critical roles of serotonin in these mental functions, this research explored whether the cumulative genetic effects of serotonergic polymorphisms are associated with individual differences and contextual variations in attachment dimensions over time in emerging adults. Study 1 utilized a cross-sectional design in college students (N = 1088, mean age = 22.71 ± 2.86 years). The results showed significant correlations between a higher cumulative genetic score and elevated levels of attachment anxiety and avoidance. Study 2 employed a three-wave longitudinal design in a cohort of freshmen (N = 523, mean age = 19.54 ± 1.86 years at wave 1). The results demonstrated that a higher genetic score was associated with both higher levels and greater variability in attachment dimensions compared to a lower genetic score. These findings suggest that the cumulative genetic effects of serotonergic polymorphisms contribute to individual differences and dynamic processes in attachment dimensions in emerging adults.
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Membrane-based carbon dioxide (CO2 ) capture and separation technologies have aroused great interest in industry and academia due to their great potential to combat current global warming, reduce energy consumption in chemical separation of raw materials, and achieve carbon neutrality. The emerging covalent organic frameworks (COFs) composed of organic linkers via reversible covalent bonds are a class of porous crystalline polymers with regular and extended structures. The inherent structure and customizable organic linkers give COFs high and permanent porosity, short transport channel, tunable functionality, and excellent stability, thereby enabling them rising-star alternatives for developing advanced CO2 separation membranes. Therefore, the promising research areas ranging from development of COF membranes to their separation applications have emerged. Herein, this review first introduces the main advantages of COFs as the state-of-the-art membranes in CO2 separation, including tunable pore size, modifiable surfaces property, adjustable surface charge, excellent stability. Then, the preparation approaches of COF-based membranes are systematically summarized, including in situ growth, layer-by-layer stacking, blending, and interface engineering. Subsequently, the key advances of COF-based membranes in separating various CO2 mixed gases, such as CO2 /CH4 , CO2 /H2 , CO2 /N2 , and CO2 /He, are comprehensively discussed. Finally, the current issues and further research expectations in this field are proposed.
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BACKGROUND: Traditional health management requires many human and material resources and cannot meet the growing needs. Remote medical technology provides an opportunity for health management; however, the research on it is insufficient. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the effects of remote interventions on weight management. METHODS: In this randomized controlled study, 750 participants were randomly assigned to a remote dietary and physical activity intervention group (group DPI), remote physical activity intervention group (group PI), or control group (group C). At baseline (time 1), day 45 (time 2), and day 90 (time 3), data were collected, including data on dietary intake, physical activity, indexes related to weight control, and health benefits. RESULTS: A total of 85.6% (642/750) of participants completed the follow-up. Compared with group C, group DPI showed a significant decrease in energy intake (-581 vs -82 kcal; P<.05), protein intake (-17 vs -3 g; P<.05), fat intake (-8 vs 3 g; P<.05), and carbohydrate intake (-106.5 vs -4.7 g; P<.05) at time 3. Compared with time 1, groups DPI and PI showed a significant decrease in cereal and potato intake (P<.05). Compared with time 1, the physical activity levels related to transportation (group PI: 693 vs 597 metabolic equivalent [MET]-min/week, group C: 693 vs 594 MET-min/week; P<.05) and housework and gardening (group PI: 11 vs 0 MET-min/week, group C: 11 vs 4 MET-min/week; P<.05) in groups PI and C were improved at time 3. Compared with groups PI and C, group DPI showed a significant decrease in weight (-1.56 vs -0.86 kg and -1.56 vs -0.66 kg, respectively; P<.05) and BMI (-0.61 vs -0.33 kg/m2 and -0.61 vs -0.27 kg/m2, respectively; P<.05) at time 2. Compared with groups PI and C, group DPI showed a significant decrease in body weight (-4.11 vs -1.01 kg and -4.11 vs -0.83 kg, respectively; P<.05) and BMI (-1.61 vs -0.40 kg/m2 and -1.61 vs -0.33 kg/m2, respectively; P<.05) at time 3. Compared with group C, group DPI showed a significant decrease in triglyceride (-0.06 vs 0.32 mmol/L; P<.05) at time 2. Compared with groups PI and C, group DPI showed a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (-8.15 vs -3.04 mmHg and -8.15 vs -3.80 mmHg, respectively; P<.05), triglyceride (-0.48 vs 0.11 mmol/L and -0.48 vs 0.18 mmol/L, respectively; P<.05), and fasting blood glucose (-0.77 vs 0.43 mmol/L and -0.77 vs 0.14 mmol/L, respectively; P<.05). There were significant differences in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-0.00 vs -0.07 mmol/L; P<.05) and hemoglobin A1c (-0.19% vs -0.07%; P<.05) between groups DPI and C. CONCLUSIONS: Remote dietary and physical activity interventions can improve dietary intake among participants with overweight and obesity, are beneficial for weight control, and have potential health benefits. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1900023355; https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.html?proj=38976.
Subject(s)
Eating , Exercise , Obesity , Overweight , Smartphone , Humans , Exercise/physiology , Obesity/therapy , Overweight/therapy , TriglyceridesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Constipation is one of the most frequent non-motor symptoms (NMS) in Parkinson's disease (PD) and the prevalence of constipation in PD patients varies among different studies. We designed this study to survey the prevalence and clinical characteristics of subjective constipation and the appearance chronology between the emergence of constipation and onset of motor symptoms in PD patients from Shanghai, China. METHODS: 268 PD patients were continuously recruited into this study. Parkinson's related clinical information of the participants was collected. A spectrum of motor and nonmotor features was assessed with scales and questionnaires. Subjective constipation was defined by ROME III criteria. RESULTS: 54.10% PD patients suffer from constipation. Among them, there was 47.59% having constipation before onset of motor symptoms. Compared with patients without constipation, patients with constipation reported lower daily water intake and less exercise, and were dominated by bradykinetic-rigid motor phenotype at onset and were prone to have anxiety, depression and insomnia. The time span between constipation and the onset of motor symptoms was (6.62 ± 9.32) years. Constipation occurred more frequently between 2 and 10 years before onset of motor symptoms. Patients suffering with constipation were then divided into two groups according to the time sequence of constipation and motor onset: 'constipation pre-motor sign' group and 'constipation post-motor sign' group. Total timespan from earliest initial symptoms to present was similar. Compared with 'constipation post-motor sign' group, the patients in 'constipation pre-motor sign' group experienced an older motor symptoms onset age, less serious motor symptoms, more serious constipation and less daily levodopa dosage. CONCLUSIONS: Our results supported that constipation could be a pre-motor symptom of PD. Different clinical characteristics were found in different constipation-loading time relative to motor symptoms. Research of constipation may be useful to better understand the early stages of PD and assessment of constipation with validated criteria may have utility as a risk factor for predicting PD in the prodromal phase.
Subject(s)
Constipation/epidemiology , Constipation/etiology , Parkinson Disease/complications , Aged , China , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Disulfidptosis is a recently identified mode of regulated cell death. Regulating disulfidptosis in carcinoma is a promising therapeutic approach. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to be related to the occurrence and development of many cancers. Disulfidptosis-related lncRNAs (DRLs) in HPV-negative oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have not been studied. Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, least absolute shrinkage selection operator (LASSO) analysis and Cox regression analysis were used to identify overall survival related DRLs and construct the signature. Kaplan-Meier, time-dependent receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and principal component analyses (PCA) were explored to demonstrate the prediction potential of the signature. Subgroup analysis stratified by different clinicopathological characteristics were conducted. Nomogram was established by DRLs signature and independent clinicopathological characteristics. The calibration plots were performed to reveal the accuracy of nomogram. Immune cell subset infiltration, immunotherapy response, drug sensitivity analysis, and tumor mutation burden (TMB) were conducted. Underlying functions and pathways were explored by Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) analysis. Previous lncRNA signatures of OSCC were retrieved from PubMed for further validation. Gene expression omnibus (GEO) datasets (GSE41613 and GSE85446) were merged as an external validation for DRLs signature. Consensus clustering analysis of DRLs signature and experimental validation of DRLs were also explored. This research sheds light on the robust performance of DRLs signature in survival prediction, immune cell infiltration, immune escape, and immunotherapy of HPV-negative OSCC.
Subject(s)
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Mouth Neoplasms , RNA, Long Noncoding , Humans , RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics , Mouth Neoplasms/genetics , Mouth Neoplasms/pathology , Female , Male , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics , Middle Aged , Gene Expression Profiling , Nomograms , Prognosis , Kaplan-Meier EstimateABSTRACT
Lanthanide-doped nanocrystals that convert near-infrared (NIR) irradiation into shorter wavelength emission (ultraviolet-C) offer many exciting opportunities for biomedicine, bioimaging, and environmental catalysis. However, developing lanthanide-doped nanocrystals with high UVC brightness for efficient photocatalysis is a formidable challenge due to the complexity of the multiphoton process. Here, we report a series of heterogeneous core-multishell structures based on a co-sensitization strategy with multi-band enhanced emission profiles under 980 nm excitation. Interestingly, the multiphoton processes involving two to six-photon upconversion are highly promoted via a co-sensitization strategy. More importantly, through growth layers of TiO2 and CdS photocatalysts, these lanthanide nanocomposites with efficient multi-upconverted emission show efficient photocatalytic activity. This study provides a new perspective for mechanistic understanding of multiphoton processes in heterostructures and also offers exciting opportunities for highly efficient photocatalytic applications.
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Background Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD) is a rare, autosomal dominant, hereditary skin disorder characterised by epidermal acantholysis. The HHD-associated gene ATPase calcium-transporting type 2C member 1 (ATP2C1) encodes the protein secretory pathway Ca2+ ATPase1 (SPCA1), playing a critical role in HHD pathogenesis. Aims We aimed to investigate the effect of ATP2C1 knockdown on keratinocytes that mimicked acantholysis in HHD. Methods Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was employed to evaluate the levels of cytoskeletal and tight junction proteins such as SPCA1, P-cofilin, F-actin, claudins, occludin, and zonula occludens 1 in the skin biopsies of patients with HHD. Subsequently, the expression of these proteins in cultured ATP2C1 knockdown keratinocytes was analysed using Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Furthermore, we assessed the proliferation, apoptosis, and intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in the ATP2C1-knocked keratinocytes. Results The results showed decreased levels of these proteins (SPCA1, P-cofilin, F-actin, claudins, occluding, and zonula occludens 1) in HHD skin lesions. Moreover, their levels decreased in human keratinocytes transfected with ATP2C1 short hairpin RNA, accompanied by morphological acantholysis. Furthermore, the proliferation and apoptosis of the keratinocytes, as well as intracellular calcium concentrations in these cells, were not affected. Limitations The limitations of this study are the absence of animal experiments and the failure to explore the relationship between skeletal and tight junction proteins. Conclusion The present study indicated that ATP2C1 inhibition led to abnormal levels of the cytoskeletal and tight junction proteins in the keratinocytes. Therefore, keratinocytes can mimic HHD-like acantholysis and serve as an in vitro model, helping develop treatment strategies against HHD.
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Bacterial infections triggered by patient or healthcare worker contact with surfaces are a major cause of medically acquired infections. By controlling the kinetics of tetrabutyl titanate hydrolysis and condensation during the sol-gel process, it is possible to regulate the content of Ti3+ and oxygen vacancies (OVs) in TiO2, and adjust the associated visible light-induced photocatalytic performance and anti-bacterial adhesion properties. The results have shown that the Ti3+ content in TiO2 was 9.87% at the calcination temperature of the reaction system was 300 °C and pH was 1.0, corresponding to optimal photocatalytic and hydrophilic properties. The formation of a hydrated layer on the superhydrophilic surface provided resistance to bacterial adhesion, preventing cross-contamination on high-touch surfaces. The excellent photocatalytic self-cleaning performance and anti-bacterial adhesion properties can be attributed to synergistic effects associated with the high specific surface area of TiO2 nanoparticles, the mesoporous structure, and the presence of Ti3+ and OVs. The formation of superhydrophilic self-cleaning surfaces under visible light can serve as the basis for the development of a new class of anti-bacterial adhesion materials.
Subject(s)
Nanoparticles , Titanium , Humans , Titanium/pharmacology , Titanium/chemistry , Catalysis , Surface Properties , Light , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Nanoparticles/chemistryABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Keratinocyte dysdifferentiation and proinflammatory cytokine production play a central role in psoriatic inflammation. According to recent studies, the Rh family C glycoprotein (RHCG) enhances cell proliferation and disrupts cell differentiation. However, the specific role of RHCG psoriasis development remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: We here explored the effect of RHCG on keratinocytes under psoriatic inflammation. METHODS: The cell counting kit8 assay was conducted to assess proliferation. RHCG protein expression was assessed through western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines and differentiation markers was analyzed through a quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Both RHCG mRNA and protein levels increased in psoriatic skin. Notably, cultured keratinocytes treated with an M5 cocktail, which mimics psoriatic inflammation, exhibited higher RHCG expression. Furthermore, RHCG overexpression promoted keratinocyte proliferation, accompanied by an increase in the production of interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, and IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α. RHCG overexpression also resulted in higher expression of keratin 17, a differentiation marker. Conversely, RHCG gene knockdown reduced keratinocyte proliferation and cytokine secretion. RHCG inhibition in cells recovered both keratin 1 and loricrin expression. Additionally, RHCG overexpression facilitated the phosphorylation of nuclear factor-kappa B and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase signaling pathways. Importantly, when these signaling pathways were inhibited, the effect of RHCG on keratinocytes was attenuated. CONCLUSION: These findings support the substantial role of RHCG in psoriatic inflammation development and suggest that RHCG serves as a potential target for psoriasis treatment.
Subject(s)
Cell Differentiation , Cell Proliferation , Cytokines , Keratinocytes , Psoriasis , Humans , Keratinocytes/metabolism , Psoriasis/pathology , Psoriasis/immunology , Psoriasis/metabolism , Cytokines/metabolism , Female , Male , Cells, Cultured , Skin/pathology , Skin/immunology , Skin/metabolism , Skin/cytology , Adult , Middle Aged , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
Single-atom catalysts, characterized by individual metal atoms as active centers, have emerged as promising candidates owing to their remarkable catalytic efficiency, maximum atomic utilization efficiency, and robust stability. However, the limitation of single-atom catalysts lies in their inability to cater to multistep reactions using a solitary active site. Introducing an additional metal atom can amplify the number of active sites, modulate the electronic structure, bolster adsorption ability, and enable a gamut of core reactions, thus augmenting their catalytic prowess. As such, dual-atom catalysts have risen to prominence. However, a comprehensive review elucidating the realm of dual-atom catalysts in environmental remediation is currently lacking. This review endeavors to bridge this gap, starting with a discourse on immobilization techniques for dual-atom catalysts, which includes configurations such as adjacent atoms, bridged atoms, and co-facially separated atoms. The review then delves into the intrinsic activity mechanisms of these catalysts, elucidating aspects like adsorption dynamics, electronic regulation, and synergistic effects. Following this, a comprehensive summarization of dual-atom catalysts for environmental applications is provided, spanning electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, and Fenton-like reactions. Finally, the existing challenges and opportunities in the field of dual-atom catalysts are extensively discussed. This work aims to be a beacon, illuminating the path towards the evolution and adoption of dual-atom catalysts in environmental remediation.
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Molecular oxygen as a green, non-toxic, and inexpensive oxidant has displayed numerous advantages compared with other oxidants for more sustainable and environmentally benign pollutant degradation. Molecular oxygen activation stands as a groundbreaking approach in advanced oxidation processes, offering efficient environmental remediation with minimal environmental impact with the production of high-oxidation reactive oxygen species (ROS). The adaptability and energy efficiency of molecular oxygen activation significantly contribute to the progression of sustainable water remediation technologies. This review meticulously explores the principles and mechanisms of molecular oxygen activation, shedding light on the diverse ROS production pathways. Subsequently, this review comprehensively details contemporary activation approaches, including photocatalytic activation, electrocatalytic activation, piezoelectric activation, and photothermal activation, explicating their distinct activation mechanisms. Additionally, it delves into the promising applications of molecular oxygen activation in the degradation of water pollutants, primary air pollutants, and volatile organic compounds, providing an in-depth analysis of the associated degradation pathways and mechanisms. Moreover, this review also addresses the imminent challenges and emerging opportunities in environmental remediation. It is envisioned that this comprehensive analysis will spur ongoing exploration and innovation in the use of molecular oxygen activation for environmental remediation and beyond.
Subject(s)
Air Pollutants , Environmental Pollutants , Environmental Restoration and Remediation , Reactive Oxygen Species , Oxidants , OxygenABSTRACT
Lighting conditions are an important factor affecting dry-cured products. This study investigated the effects of treatments with different light intensities (0 lx, 1000 lx, 25000 lx) and different light sources including red light, blue light, UV-light on oxidation leve and flavor change in dry-cured Wuchang fish. The results showed that dry-cured Wuchang fish exhibited an attractive brown-yellow color, the highest oxidation degree of myoglobin (Mb), the highest fat oxidation under the light conditions of 25000 lx light intensity and UV-light irradiation. This phenomenon was observed that the degree of Mb oxidation was increased, while the degree of fat oxidation was increased. At 25000 lx light intensity and UV-light irradiation, dry-cured Wuchang fish showed an ignificantly decreased fatty acid conten (especially oleic acid and linoleic acid), significantly increased characteristic volatile compound contents (22 for 25,000 lx light intensity and 27 for UV-light irradiation), which contributed to the improvement of quality stability of dry-cured Wuchang fish. Our findings provide theoretical support for the industrial application of exogenous light in dry-cured Wuchang fish.
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The effects of ultra-high pressure (UHP) pretreatment (50-250 MPa) on the fish curing were studied. UHP increased the overall volatile compound concentration of cured fish. Among 50-250 MPa five treatment groups, 150 MPa UHP group exhibited the highest total free amino acid content (294.34 mg/100 g) with that of the control group being 92.39 mg/100 g. The activity of cathepsin L was increased under 50-200 MPa UHP treatment (62.28-58.15 U/L), compared with that in the control group (53.80 U/L). UHP treatment resulted in a significant increase in small molecule compounds, especially the amino acid dipeptides and ATP metabolic products. Under UHP treatments, the bacterial phyla Actinobacteriota (1.04-5.25 %), Bacteroidota (0.20-4.47 %), and Deinococcota (0.00-0.05 %) exhibited an increased abundance, and they promoted taste and flavor formation. Our results indicated that UHP is a promising pretreatment method to improve taste and flavour in cured fish by affecting the microorganisms, cathepsin, and proteins.
Subject(s)
Computational Biology , Flavoring Agents , Metabolomics , Taste , Animals , Flavoring Agents/chemistry , Flavoring Agents/metabolism , Fish Products/analysis , Fish Products/microbiology , Pressure , Cyprinidae/metabolism , Cyprinidae/microbiology , Volatile Organic Compounds/chemistry , Volatile Organic Compounds/metabolism , Volatile Organic Compounds/analysis , Bacteria/metabolism , Bacteria/genetics , Bacteria/classification , Bacteria/isolation & purification , Humans , Food Handling , Amino Acids/metabolism , Amino Acids/analysisABSTRACT
Neurosynovial tumors, originating from Schwann cells within nerve sheaths, are benign entities, with 25% to 45% manifesting in the head and neck region. However, occurrences in the pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) are exceptionally rare, and only a handful of cases have been documented. In this report, we present the unique case of a 6-year-old child exhibiting a sizable soft tissue mass in the left PPF, extending into the inferior orbital fissure. The patient underwent successful intranasal endoscopic removal of PPF schwannoma utilizing the prelacrimal recess approach, with postoperative pathology confirming the diagnosis of schwannoma. Schwannomas within the PPF are particularly uncommon, and instances of such tumors in pediatric patients are even more exceptional. This case highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges associated with PPF schwannomas in children, emphasizing the significance of a multidisciplinary approach for optimal management. In addition, a comprehensive literature review is presented to provide insights into the existing knowledge on this rare entity, further contributing to the understanding of pediatric PPF schwannomas.