Evaluation of clinical characteristics and risk factors associated with Chlamydia psittaci infection based on metagenomic next-generation sequencing.

INTRODUCTION: Psittacosis is a zoonosis caused by Chlamydia psittaci, the clinical manifestations of Psittacosis range from mild illness to fulminant severe pneumonia with multiple organ failure. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of Chlamydia psittaci infection diagnosed based on metagenomic next-generation sequencing(mNGS), as well as the risk factors affecting the progress of Chlamydia psittaci infection, in order to improve the effect of therapeutics. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of patients infected with chlamydia psittaci in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from January 2021 to December 2021. The patient's past medical history, clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, chest CT results, treatment status, and prognosis data were collected. we also investigated both the pathogenic profile characteristics and the lower respiratory tract microbiota of patients with Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia using mNGS. RESULTS: All cases of Chlamydia psittaci in our research have been confirmed by mNGS. Among 46 cases of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia, Poultry exposure was reported in 35 cases. In severe cases of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia, Neutrophils, Procalcitonin (PCT), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase (HBDH), Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes-B (CK-MB) and D-Dimer levels were remarkably higher than that of non-severe cases, except for lymphocytes (all P < 0.05). Chest CT scans showed Bilateral (77.8%), multiple lobar lungs (85.2%), pleural effusions (44.4%) involvement in those suffering from severe Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia, whereas its incidence was 0%, 21.1% and 10.5% in non-severe patients, respectively (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that higher lymphocyte concentrations (OR 0.836, 95% CI 0.714-0.962, P = 0.041) were the only protective factor for survival. mNGS results indicated that 41.3% of patients (19/46) had suspected coinfections with a coinfection rate of 84.2% (16/19) in the severe group, much higher than that in the non severe group (p < 0.05). No significantly different profiles of lower respiratory tract microbiota diversity were found between non severe group and severe group. CONCLUSION: A history of poultry exposure in patients can serve as an important basis for diagnosing Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia, and patients with severe Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia are more likely to develop elevated inflammatory biomarkers as well as elevated cardiac markers. Higher lymphocyte concentrations are protective factors associated with severe C. psittaci pneumonia. The higher proportion of patients with coinfections in our study supports the use of mNGS for comprehensive early detection of respiratory infections in patients with C. psittaci pneumonia.

A combined AIMD and DFT study of the low-energy radiation responses of GaN.

Although GaN is a promising candidate for semiconductor devices, degradation of GaN-based device performance may occur when the device is bombarded by high-energy charged particles during its application in aerospace, astronomy, and nuclear-related areas. It is thus of great significance to explore the influence of irradiation on the microstructure and electronic properties of GaN and to reveal the internal relationship between the damage mechanisms and physical characteristics. Using a combined density functional theory (DFT) and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) study, we explored the low-energy recoil events in GaN and the effects of point defects on GaN. The threshold displacement energies (Eds) significantly depend on the recoil directions and the primary knock-on atoms. Moreover, the Ed values for nitrogen atoms are smaller than those for gallium atoms, indicating that the displacement of nitrogen dominates under electron irradiation and the created defects are mainly nitrogen vacancies and interstitials. The formation energy of nitrogen vacancies and interstitials is smaller than that for gallium vacancies and interstitials, which is consistent with the AIMD results. Although the created defects improve the elastic compliance of GaN, these radiation damage states deteriorate its ability to resist external compression. Meanwhile, these point defects lead the Debye temperature to decrease and thus increase the thermal expansion coefficients of GaN. As for the electronic properties of defective GaN, the point defects have various effects, i.e., VN (N vacancy), Gaint (Ga interstitial), Nint (N interstitial), and GaN (Ga occupying the N lattice site) defects induce the metallicity, and NGa (N occupying the Ga lattice site) defects decrease the band gap. The presented results provide underlying mechanisms for defect generation in GaN, and advance the fundamental understanding of the radiation resistances of semiconductor materials.

Synthesis of C-Aryl Glycosides by C-H Functionalization.

In recent years, the synthesis of C-aryl glycosides hrough C-H functionalization has attracted extensive attention of organic synthesis chemists due to its steps and atomic economy. In this concept, we systematically summarizes the synthesis of C-aryl glycosides with diverse regioselectivity and diastereoselectivity from the perspective of C-H arylation of glycosides and C-H glycosylation of arenes. It can be found that a series of recently developed C-H glycosylation reactions have higher site-selectivity and diastereomeric selectivity than Friedel-Crafts glycosylation reaction. The reaction conditions are milder, which can be compatible with acid-sensitive protective groups, such as acetals or ketals, and the deprotection is more convenient. It can be seen that there are few reports on remote C-H glycosylation of aromatic hydrocarbons, which is a new field and needs further research. In addition, C-H glycosylation has a lot of shortcomings, which need to be further explored: a) the precise regulation of stereoselectivity in the reaction process also needs further optimization; b) the research on the reaction mechanism is almost limited to DFT calculation, and there is no exact experimental evidence. For key parts, such as the specific reaction mechanism between cyclo-metal intermediates and glycosyl donors in ortho-CAr -H glycosylation is still unclear; c) due to the fact that aryl glycoside compounds contain bare hydroxyl groups in practical applications, it is an urgent problem to realize the compatibility of glycoside substrates containing naked hydroxyl groups or to remove the protective groups on hydroxyl groups by a mild and efficient method after the reaction; d) In this rapidly developing field, we need to study a greener, more economical and more practical C-H glycosylation of arenes in the future, which will be conducive to the synthesis of C-aryl glycosides with more biological application significance.

Pulmonary function changes after sublobar resection in patients with peripheral non-subpleural nodules.

BACKGROUND: In the treatment of peripheral early-staged lung cancer and benign lesions, segmentectomy and wedge resection are both reliable treatment methods. It is debatable that how much pulmonary function will be lost after different sublobar resection in the treatment of early-staged deep-located peripheral NSCLC (non-small cell lung cancer). The purpose of this study was to explore postoperative pulmonary function changes of sublobar resection in enrolled patients with non-subpleural peripheral nodules. METHODS: We collected clinical data of patients undergoing VATS (video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery) segmentectomy or wedge resection for single nodule. These nodules were confirmed as peripheral non-subpleural nodules by preoperative 3D imaging. Patients were divided into two groups according to the operation procedure. Demographic characteristics, pulmonary function, postoperative outcomes, and others were collected. All data was gathered at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University. Outcomes after wedge resection were compared with those after segmentectomy resection. RESULTS: A total of 88 patients were included in this study, including 46 patients with VATS wedge resection and 42 patients with VATS segmentectomy. No difference was detected when comparing FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 s) loss between these two groups (17.6 ± 2.1%, wedge resection vs. 19.4 ± 5.4%, segmentectomy, P = 0.176). FVC (forced vital capacity) loss (8.7 ± 2.3%, wedge resection vs. 17.1 ± 2.2%, segmentectomy, P < 0.001) and MVV (maximum ventilatory volume) loss (11.5 ± 3.1%, wedge resection vs. 20.6 ± 7.8%, segmentectomy, P < 0.001) in segmentectomy group was significantly higher than those in wedge resection group. Discrepancies were investigated when comparing duration of surgery (70 ± 22 min, wedge resection vs. 111 ± 52 min, segmentectomy, P = 0.0002), postoperative drainage (85 ± 45 mL, wedge resection vs. 287 ± 672 mL, segmentectomy, P = 0.0123), and treatment hospitalization expenses [35148 ± 889CNY, wedge resection vs. 52,502 (38,276-57,772) CNY, segmentectomy, P < 0.0002]. No significant difference was found between air leak time (1.7 ± 0.7 days, wedge resection vs. 2.5 ± 1.7 days, segmentectomy, P = 0.062) and hospitalization time (2.7 ± 0.7 days, wedge resection vs. 3.5 ± 1.7 days, segmentectomy, P = 0.051). CONCLUSIONS: For patients with peripheral non-subpleural nodules, we observed that patients who underwent wedge resection had less lung function loss than those who underwent segmentectomy when their lung function was reviewed at the 6th month after surgery. Patients undergoing wedge resection had partial advantages over patients with segmental resection in terms of hospitalization cost, operation time and postoperative drainage, etc. Wedge resection, as a treatment for peripheral non-subpleural pulmonary nodules, seemed to have more advantages in preserving patients' pulmonary function.

Medical expenditure for lung cancer in China: a multicenter, hospital-based retrospective survey.

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is the most prevalent cancer, and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in China. The aim of this study was to estimate the direct medical expenditure incurred for lung cancer care and analyze the trend therein for the period 2002-2011 using nationally representative data in China METHODS: This study was based on 10-year, multicenter retrospective expenditure data collected from hospital records, covering 15,437 lung cancer patients from 13 provinces diagnosed during the period 2002-2011. All expenditure data were adjusted to 2011 to eliminate the effects of inflation using China's annual consumer price index. RESULTS: The direct medical expenditure for lung cancer care (in 2011) was 39,015 CNY (US$6,041) per case, with an annual growth rate of 7.55% from 2002 to 2011. Drug costs were the highest proportionally in the total medical expenditure (54.27%), followed by treatment expenditure (14.32%) and surgical expenditure (8.10%). Medical expenditures for the disease varied based on region, hospital level, type, and stage. CONCLUSION: The medical expenditure for lung cancer care is substantial in China. Drug costs and laboratory test are the main factors increasing medical costs.

Medical expenses of urban Chinese patients with stomach cancer during 2002-2011: a hospital-based multicenter retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: In China, stomach cancer is the third most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death. Few studies have examined Chinese stomach cancer patients' medical expenses and their associated trends. The Cancer Screening Program in Urban China (CanSPUC) is a Major Public Health Project funded by the central government. Through this project, we have extracted patients' medical expenses from hospital billing data to examine the costs of the first course treatments (which refers to 2 months before and 10 months after the date of cancer diagnosis) in Chinese patients with stomach cancer and the associated trends. METHODS: The expense data of 14,692 urban Chinese patients with stomach cancer were collected from 40 hospitals in 13 provinces. We estimated the inflation-adjusted medical expenses per patient during 2002-2011. We described the time trends of medical expenses at the country-level, and those trends by subgroup, and analyzed the compositions of medical expenses. We constructed the Generalized Linear Mixed (GLM) regression model with Poisson distribution to examine the factors that were associated with medical expenses per patient. RESULTS: The average medical expenses of the first course treatments were about 43,249 CNY (6851 USD) in 2011, more than twice of that in 2002. The expenses increased by an average annual rate of 7.4%. Longer stay during hospitalization and an increased number of episodes of care are the two main contributors to the expense increase. The upward trend of medical expenses was observed in almost all patient subgroups. Drug expenses accounted for over half of the medical expenses. CONCLUSIONS: The average medical expenses of the first course (2 months before and 10 months after the date of cancer diagnosis) treatments per stomach cancer patient in urban China in 2011 were doubled during the previous 10 years, and about twice as high as the per capita disposable income of urban households in the same year. Such high expenses indicate that it makes economic sense to invest in cancer prevention and control in China.

Copper-Catalyzed Oxidative Cyclization of Alkynes with Sulfonylhydrazides Leading to 2-Sulfonated 9H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]indol-9-ones.

A copper-catalyzed oxidative cyclization procedure has been developed for the production of 2-sulfonated 9H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]indol-9-ones via the direct sulfonylation of N-propargyl-substituted indoles with sulfonylhydrazides and tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP). This novel protocol, which tolerates a broad range of functional groups, offers a simple, efficient, and atom-economical route to a series of fluorazones in good yields under mild conditions.

Synthesis of Organophosphorus Compounds through Copper-Catalyzed Annulation Involving C-O and C-P Bond Formations.

A novel copper(II) trifluoromethanesulfonate-catalyzed, high-efficiency, and atom-economical synthesis of valuable organophosphorus compounds via cascade annulation of propargylic alcohols with diphenylphosphine oxide is described. This protocol, which has a good functional-group compatibility and insensitivity to an ambient atmosphere, provides a simple and direct pathway to the products, organophosphorus compounds, in good yields under mild conditions. The method could be efficiently scaled up to gram scale, thus highlighting a potential application of this methodology.

Lewis Acid Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Coupling of Tertiary Propargylic Alcohols with Quinoline N-Oxides.

An unprecedented Lewis acid catalyzed, high-efficiency synthesis of valuable 2-(quinolin-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-ones via dehydrogenative coupling of propargylic alkynols with quinoline N-oxides is described. This protocol, which tolerates a broad range of functional groups, provides a straightforward pathway to the products 2-(quinolin-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one scaffolds in satisfactory yields. The conversion could be scaled up to gram scale efficiently, which underlines a latent application of this methodology.

Convenient and highly efficient routes to 2 H-chromene and 4-chromanone derivatives: iodine-promoted and p-toluenesulfonic acid catalyzed cascade cyclizations of propynols.

A convenient strategy is presented for the easy preparation of a series of 2 H-chromenes under mild conditions through iodocyclization of readily accessible propynols. In addition, various 4-chromanones can be synthesized through a p-toluenesulfonic acid catalyzed cascade cyclization with high efficiency (yields up to 99 %). Our developed reaction systems are proven to have good functional-group applicability and can be scaled up to gram quantities in satisfactory yields. These systems also provide a new synthetic strategy for two types of important flavonoid skeleton without using costly and toxic metal catalysts. Additionally, the resulting halides could be further exploited in subsequent palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions, so these compounds could act as potential intermediates for the construction of some valuable drug molecules.

Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI Image Characteristics and Radiomics Characteristics Combined with Machine Learning for Assessment of Functional Liver Reserve.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of image characteristics and radiomics combined with machine learning based on Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI for functional liver reserve assessment in cirrhotic patients. Materials and Methods 123 patients with cirrhosis were retrospectively analyzed; all our patients underwent pre-contrast MRI, triphasic (arterial phase, venous phase, equilibrium phase) Gd-EOB-DTPA dynamic enhancement and hepatobiliary phase (20 minutes delayed). The relative enhancement (RE) of the patient's liver, the liver-spleen signal ratio in the hepatobiliary phase (SI liver/ spleen), the liver-vertical muscle signal ratio in the hepatobiliary phase (SI liver/ muscle), the bile duct signal intensity contrast ratio (SIR), and the radiomics features were evaluated. The support vector machine (SVM) was used as the core of machine learning to construct the liver function classification model using image and radiomics characteristics, respectively. RESULTS: The area under the curve was the largest in SIR to identify Child-Pugh group A versus Child-Pugh group B+C in the image characteristics, AUC = 0.740, and Perc. 10% to identify Child-Pugh group A versus Child-Pugh group B+C in the radiomics characteristics, AUC = 0.9337. The efficacy of the SVM model constructed using radiomics characteristics was better, with an area under the curve of 0.918, a sensitivity of 95.45%, a specificity of 80.00%, and an accuracy of 89.19%. CONCLUSION: The image and radiomics characteristics based on Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI can reflect liver function, and the model constructed based on radiomics characteristics combined with machine learning methods can better assess functional liver reserve.

Tropheryma whipplei detected by metagenomic next-generation sequencing in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.

Whipple's disease is a chronic systemic infectious disease that mainly affects the gastrointestinal tract. In some cases, Tropheryma whipplei can cause infection at the implant site or even throughout the body. In this study, we collected alveolar lavage fluid samples from patients with Tropheryma whipplei from 2020 to 2022, and retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of Tropheryma whipplei positive patients. Patient's past history, clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, chest CT findings, treatment, and prognosis were recorded. 16 BALFs (70/1725, 4.0 %) from 16 patients were positive for Tropheryma whipplei. 8 patients were male with an average age of 50 years. The main clinical symptoms of patients included fever (9/16), cough (7/16), dyspnea (7/16), and expectoration (5/16), but neurological symptoms and arthralgia were rare. Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were the most common comorbidity (n=8). The main laboratory characteristics of the patient are red blood cell count, hemoglobin, total protein and albumin below normal levels (11/16), and/or creatinine above normal levels(14/16). Most chest computed tomography mainly show focal or patchy heterogeneous infection (n=5) and pleural effusion (n=8). Among the 6 samples, Tropheryma whipplei was the sole agent, and Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common detected other pathogens. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing technology has improved the detection rate and attention of Tropheryma whipplei. Further research is needed to distinguish whether Tropheryma whipplei present in respiratory samples is a pathogen or an innocent bystander.

Thoracoscopic resection of paraesophageal ectopic mediastinal parathyroid adenoma in the superior posterior mediastinum: a case report.

BACKGROUND: The ectopic superior parathyroid in the tracheoesophageal groove and paraesophageal region is rare. Hyperparathyroidism results when these glands become hyperfunctioning. That may necessitate surgical intervention in the form of parathyroidectomy, which requires a transsternal or transthoracic approach due to a deeply seated mediastinal parathyroid gland. Minimally invasive strategies have emerged recently as an alternative approach with less morbidity. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of the paraesophageal ectopic parathyroid gland in the superior posterior mediastinum, which was successfully treated with thoracoscopic resection. CONCLUSION: The current imaging tools improve the thoracoscopic management of mediastinal parathyroid glands. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) can provide access and exposure to ectopic parathyroid adenoma with low morbidity and financial burden.

[Integrated Analysis of Soil Organic Matter Molecular Composition Changes Under Different Land Uses].

The application of biomarkers to study the molecular composition of soil organic matter (SOM) can be used to analyze the source and degradation of SOM and reveal the stability mechanism of soil organic carbon (SOC) at the molecular level. In order to further clarify the effects of different land use patterns (farmland, grassland, and forest) on the molecular composition of SOM, the changes in molecular composition of organic matter (free lipids, cutin, suberin, and lignin) on a global scale were studied using a meta-analysis method. The results showed that there were significant differences in the molecular composition of organic matter under different land use patterns. The contents of free lipids (n-alkanes, n-alkanols, n-alkanoic acids, and cyclic lipids), cutin, and lignin phenols in forest soil were significantly higher than those in grassland and farmland. There was no significant difference in the content of suberin between grassland and forest soil. The ratio of suberin to cutin in grassland was the highest, with an average of 2.96, and the averages of farmland and forest were 1.68 and 2.21, respectively. The ratio of syringic acid to syringaldehyde (Ad/Al)S and the ratio of vanillic acid to vanillin (Ad/Al)V of farmland soil were the largest, which were 1.25 and 1.58, respectively, and were significantly higher than those in grassland (0.46 and 0.69) and forest (0.78 and 0.7). The results of correlation analysis showed that in farmland soil, suberin was significantly correlated with mean annual precipitation (MAP) and clay; cutin was significantly correlated with clay; and lignin was significantly correlated with mean annual temperature (MAT), MAP, sand, and bulk density. In grassland soil, total free lipids were significantly correlated with MAP and bulk density; suberin and cutin were significantly correlated with MAT and MAP; and lignin was significantly correlated with MAP, pH, sand, and bulk density. However, only lignin was significantly correlated with MAP and sand in forest soils. Overall, the contents of SOC and molecular components in forest soil were higher under the three land use practices, and the contribution of plant roots to SOM in grassland soil was greater. In farmland soil, the degradation of lignin was accelerated due to human farming activities. Future research should focus on the regulation of soil physicochemical properties and climatic conditions on the molecular composition of SOM.

Five New Species of Gymnopilus from Xizang Autonomous Region of China and Surrounding Areas.

The species of Gymnopilus (Hymenogastraceae, Agricales) are commonly recognized as wood-decaying fungi. Certain members of this genus have been identified as psilocybin-producing mushrooms. Gymnopilus exhibits a diverse range and has a global distribution. In this study, a total of seventy-eight specimens were gathered from ten provinces in China. A comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis was conducted, employing gene sequences including ITS, nrLSU, nrSSU, rpb1, rpb2, and tef1-α. Additionally, morphological examinations were also carried out. The phylogenetic topology of Gymnopilus from this study generally agreed with previous studies and facilitated the identification of all those specimens. As a result, eleven species, including five newly discovered ones named Gy. gyirongensis, Gy. variisporus, Gy. tomentosiceps, Gy. tenuibasidialis, and Gy. aurantipileatus, were recognized. Significantly, four of the five newly identified species are native to the Xizang Autonomous Region, emphasizing their specialization in this distinctive habitat. This research contributes to our comprehension of Gymnopilus diversity and lays the groundwork for the conservation and sustainable utilization of Gymnopilus resources.

Four new species of Russula from the Xizang Autonomous Region and other provinces of China.

Russula is the largest genus in the Russulales and is widespread throughout the world. Almost all Russula species are known to be ectomycorrhizal with high ecological and edible values, and some are lethal poisonous. In this study, four new species belonging to the subgenus Russula crown clade are identified based on morphological and phylogenetic evidence from the Xizang Autonomous Region and other provinces of China. Morphologically, Russula paragraveolens (sect. Polychromae, subsect. Xerampelinae) is mainly characterised by a cherry red to blood red pileus centre, a reddish orange pileus margin; R. pseudograveolens (sect. Polychromae, subsect. Xerampelinae) is characterised by a violet brown to brownish red pileus centre, a pale red to pastel red pileus margin and short basidia; R. shigatseensis (sect. Flavisiccantes, subsect. Lepidinae) is characterised by a brownish orange to madder red pileus centre, pinkish red pileus margin, and having lateral branches or branches of hyphal terminations in pileipellis; R. yadongensis (sect. Tenellae, subsect. Laricinae) is characterised by a dark purplish red pileus centre with brownish purple tints and having isolated to clustered spines of spore ornamentations. Their distinct taxonomic status is confirmed by the positions of the four new species in both the ITS and 4-locus (nucLSU, mtSSU, rpb2, tef1) phylogenetic trees.

[Effect of recombinant adenovirus carrying NLS-RARalpha gene on the proliferation of HL-60 cell and the differentiation of HL-60 cells induced by ATRA and relevant mechanism].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect and mechanism of recombined adenovirus carrying NLS-RARalpha gene on proliferation of HL-60 cells and the differentiation of HL-60 cells induced by ATRA. METHODS: HL-60 cells was infected with Ad-NLS-RARalpha and control virus Ad-KZ. The efficiency of infection was detected by FCM. The mRNA and protein levels of NLS-RARalpha were assessed by Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blot, respectively. MTT assay were applied to determine proliferation of HL-60 cells. Cell surface differentiation antigen CD11b of infected HL-60 cell induced by ATRA was examined by FCM. The mRNA and protein levels of C-MYC of infected HL-60 cell induced by ATRA were determined by Real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blot assay. RESULTS: The efficiency of infection of Ad-NLS-RARalpha and Ad-KZ on HL-60 cell was 70%-80%. The mRNA and protein levels of NLS-RARalpha gene of HL-60 cells which infected with Ad-NLS-RARalpha were both obviously higher than that of the cells which infected with Ad-KZ and non-infected (P < 0.05). The proliferation ability of HL-60 cell infected with Ad-NLS-RARalpha was significantly increased (P < 0.05). The level of CD11b of HL-60 cell infected with Ad-NLS-RARalpha and induced by ATRA was clearly decreased than control groups (P < 0.05). The mRNA and protein levels of C-MYC gene of HL-60 cells infected with Ad-NLS-RARalpha and induced by ATRA were both obviously higher than that of the cells which infected with Ad-KZ and non-infected (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The recombined adenovirus Ad-NLS-RARalpha can increase the proliferation ability of HL-60 cell, and inhibit the differentiation of HL-60 cell through reduce the expression level of C-MYC gene.

Primary cutaneous ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma: A case report.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALK-ALCL) is a rare CD30-positive peripheral T-cell lymphoma with a low incidence of ALK-ALCL, which mainly involves lymph nodes and, in a minority of patients, extra-nodal tissues. The etiology is unknown, and the incidence is higher in males. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of primary cutaneous ALK-ALCL. On light microscopy, the cells showed marked heterogeneity with abundant cytoplasm and numerous nuclear schizonts, and immunohistochemistry showed large mesenchymal cells strongly positive for CD30 and negative for ALK gene products. Magnetic resonance imaging showed nodular shadows with low T1 signal and high T2 signal. Follow-up was six months and no recurrence was seen. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: PC-ALCL is prevalent on the trunk, face and extremities. Its clinical manifestations are inert, presenting as isolated or limited reddish-brown papules, nodules, or swellings of human skin, single or multiple, with advanced ulcerative lesions with central necrosis and dyke-like elevated margins, and some lymph node involvement. Histopathology showed diffuse infiltration of tumor cells with abundant cytoplasm, pronounced nuclear fission, and marked vascular centrality of the tumor infiltrate. PC-ALCL should be distinguished from systemic ALCL. CONCLUSION: PC-ALCL has a low incidence rate and is characterized by recurrent recurrence, and the site of the lesion and the extent of injury are the main factors affecting the prognosis. Relevant imaging examinations help to identify the extent of involvement and depth of invasion of this disease, and play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Research on the control strategies of data flow transmission paths for MPTCP-based communication networks.

The performance of multipath transmission control protocol (MPTCP) subflow through the enhancement mechanism of the MPTCP communication is improved. When dealing with multiple MPTCP subflows occupying the same transmission path, critical issues such as selection and optimization of multipath, and efficient scheduling of available multiple tracks are effectively addressed by incorporating the technology called software defined network (SDN) that is constructed based on four key parameters, namely, network transmission bandwidth, transmission paths, path capacity, and network latency. Besides, critical equipment such as the network physical device layer and SDN controller are integrated with the four parameters. So, the network model defines the transmission control process and data information. Considering the predetermined total network bandwidth capacity to select multiple paths, the adequate bandwidth capacity is determined by defining the data transfer rate between MPTCP terminals and MPTCP servers. However, the processing latency of the OpenFlow switch and the SDN controller is excluded. The effective network transmission paths are calculated through two rounds of path selection algorithms. Moreover, according to the demand capacity of the data transmission and the supply capacity of the required occupied network resource, a supply and demand strategy is formulated by considering the bandwidth capacity of the total network and invalid network latency factors. Then, the available network transmission path from the valid network transmission path is calculated. The shortest path calculation problem, which is the calculation and sorting of the shortest path, is transformed into a clustering, Inter-Cluster Average Classification (ICA), problem. The instruction of the OpenFlow communication flow is designed to schedule MPTCP subflows. Thus, various validation objectives, including the network model, effective network latency, effective transmission paths, supply-demand strategies, ineffective transmission paths, shortest feasible paths, and communication rules are addressed by the proposed method whose reliability, stability, and data transmission performance are validated through comparative analysis with other conventional algorithms. Found that the network latency is around 20 s, the network transmission rate is approximately 10 Mbps, the network bandwidth capacity reaches around 25Mbps, the network resource utilization rate is about 75%, and the network swallowing volume is approximately 3 M/s.