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1.
J Endocrinol Invest ; 47(6): 1405-1418, 2024 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38218741

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To examine the cross-sectional association between baseline depressive symptoms and the presence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and its association with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and other metabolic variables, and the prospective association of depressive symptoms and HbA1c after 1 year of follow-up. METHODS: n = 6224 Mediterranean older adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome (48% females, mean age 64.9 ± 4.9 years) were evaluated in the framework of the PREDIMED-Plus study cohort. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory-II and HbA1c was used to measure metabolic control. RESULTS: The presence of T2D increased the likelihood of higher levels of depressive symptoms (χ2 = 15.84, p = 0.001). Polynomial contrast revealed a positive linear relationship (χ2 = 13.49, p = 0.001), the higher the depressive symptoms levels, the higher the prevalence of T2D. Longitudinal analyses showed that the higher baseline depressive symptoms levels, the higher the likelihood of being within the HbA1c ≥ 7% at 1-year level (Wald-χ2 = 24.06, df = 3, p < .001, for the full adjusted model). Additionally, depressive levels at baseline and duration of T2D predicted higher HbA1c and body mass index, and lower physical activity and adherence to Mediterranean Diet at 1 year of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: This study supports an association between T2D and the severity of depressive symptoms, suggesting a worse metabolic control from mild severity levels in the short-medium term, influenced by lifestyle habits related to diabetes care. Screening for depressive symptoms and a multidisciplinary integrative therapeutic approach should be ensured in patients with T2D.


Subject(s)
Depression , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Humans , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/psychology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Female , Male , Middle Aged , Follow-Up Studies , Depression/epidemiology , Depression/etiology , Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies , Glycated Hemoglobin/analysis , Prospective Studies , Diet, Mediterranean , Prevalence , Body Mass Index , Obesity/psychology , Obesity/epidemiology , Obesity/complications , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology , Metabolic Syndrome/psychology
2.
Public Health ; 230: 12-20, 2024 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38479163

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: This article aims to estimate the differences in environmental impact (greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions, land use, energy used, acidification and potential eutrophication) after one year of promoting a Mediterranean diet (MD). METHODS: Baseline and 1-year follow-up data from 5800 participants in the PREDIMED-Plus study were used. Each participant's food intake was estimated using validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaires, and the adherence to MD using the Dietary Score. The influence of diet on environmental impact was assessed through the EAT-Lancet Commission tables. The influence of diet on environmental impact was assessed through the EAT-Lancet Commission tables. The association between MD adherence and its environmental impact was calculated using adjusted multivariate linear regression models. RESULTS: After one year of intervention, the kcal/day consumed was significantly reduced (-125,1 kcal/day), adherence to a MD pattern was improved (+0,9) and the environmental impact due to the diet was significantly reduced (GHG: -361 g/CO2-eq; Acidification:-11,5 g SO2-eq; Eutrophication:-4,7 g PO4-eq; Energy use:-842,7 kJ; and Land use:-2,2 m2). Higher adherence to MD (high vs. low) was significantly associated with lower environmental impact both at baseline and one year follow-up. Meat products had the greatest environmental impact in all the factors analysed, both at baseline and at one-year follow-up, in spite of the reduction observed in their consumption. CONCLUSIONS: A program promoting a MD, after one year of intervention, significantly reduced the environmental impact in all the factors analysed. Meat products had the greatest environmental impact in all the dimensions analysed.


Subject(s)
Diet, Mediterranean , Greenhouse Gases , Humans , Diet , Environment , Data Collection
3.
Environ Res ; 227: 115697, 2023 06 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36972775

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The principal source of exposure to Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-furans (PCDD/Fs) in humans comes from food intake. PCDD/Fs, are a family of potential endocrine disruptors and have been associated with different chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension. However, studies assessing the relationship between dietary exposure to PCDD/Fs and adiposity or obesity status in a middle-aged population are limited. OBJECTIVE: To assess cross-sectionally and longitudinally the associations between estimated dietary intake (DI) of PCDD/Fs and body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and the prevalence/incidence of obesity and abdominal obesity in a middle-aged population. METHODS: In 5899 participants aged 55-75 years (48% women) living with overweight/obesity from the PREDIMED-plus cohort, PCDD/Fs DI was estimated using a 143-item validated food-frequency questionnaire, and the levels of food PCDD/F expressed as Toxic Equivalents (TEQ). Consequently, cross-sectional and prospective associations between baseline PCDD/Fs DI (in pgTEQ/week) and adiposity or obesity status were assessed at baseline and after 1-year follow-up using multivariable cox, logistic or linear regression models. RESULTS: Compared to participants in the first PCDD/F DI tertile, those in the highest tertile presented a higher BMI (ß-coefficient [confidence interval]) (0.43kg/m2 [0.22; 0.64]; P-trend <0.001), a higher waist circumference (1.11 cm [0.55; 1.66]; P-trend <0.001), and a higher prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity (1.05 [1.01; 1.09] and 1.02 [1.00; 1.03]; P-trend = 0.09 and 0.027, respectively). In the prospective analysis, participants in the top PCDD/F DI baseline tertile showed an increase in waist circumference compared with those in the first tertile after 1-year of follow-up (ß-coefficient 0.37 cm [0.06; 0.70]; P-trend = 0.015). CONCLUSION: Higher DI of PCDD/Fs was positively associated with adiposity parameters and obesity status at baseline and with changes in waist circumference after 1-year of follow-up in subjects living with overweight/obesity. Further large prospective studies using a different population with longer follow-up periods are warranted in the future to strengthen our results.


Subject(s)
Dioxins , Polychlorinated Biphenyls , Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins , Middle Aged , Humans , Female , Male , Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/toxicity , Dibenzofurans , Dioxins/analysis , Adiposity , Furans , Overweight , Obesity, Abdominal , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prospective Studies , Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated/toxicity , Eating , Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis
4.
Int J Obes (Lond) ; 41(10): 1570-1578, 2017 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28588304

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) has been suggested to be an endocrine signal of nutritional status and an active regulator of metabolism. However, there is no agreement on the effect of weight-loss therapies on circulating levels of FGF21 in humans. OBJECTIVE: To assess FGF21 circulating levels in adiposity excess and after different weight-loss strategies prescribed in five different groups from four independent centers. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Body composition, ketosis, insulin sensitivity and FGF21 were evaluated in 181 excess body weight and 14 normal-weight subjects. From the excess body weight patients, two independent groups (discovery cohort; n=20 and validation cohort; n=28) undertook a very low-calorie ketogenic (VLCK) diet, a third group followed a low-calorie (LC) diet (n=84) and other two groups underwent bariatric surgery (discovery cohort; n=24 and validation cohort; n=25). The follow-up was 4 to 6 or 12 months, respectively. RESULTS: FGF21 levels were higher in excess body weight patients than in normal-weight subjects. The energy-restriction therapy to lose weight induced a significant decrease, with respect to baseline, in circulating levels of FGF21 (VLCK: -62.5 pg ml-1 or -14.8 pg ml-1 and LC diet: -67.9 pg ml-1). There were no differences in FGF21 levels between both energy-restriction treatments. On the contrary, after bariatric surgery morbidly obese patients showed a significant increase in FGF21, especially 1 month after surgery (148.8 pg ml-1 higher than baseline). The FGF21 differential changes occur concomitantly with a non-induced ketosis situation (0.66±0.56 mm) in bariatric surgery, and an improvement in adiposity and insulin sensitivity induced by the three therapies. CONCLUSIONS: FGF21 levels were reduced after energy-restricted treatments and severely increased after bariatric surgery, independently of the weight reduction magnitude, insulin sensitivity or ketosis. Therefore, FGF21 appears to be a marker of severe nutritional stress.


Subject(s)
Bariatric Surgery , Caloric Restriction , Fibroblast Growth Factors/blood , Obesity, Morbid/blood , Obesity, Morbid/therapy , Stress, Physiological , Adult , Biomarkers/blood , Body Composition , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Insulin Resistance , Ketosis , Male , Nutritional Status/physiology , Obesity, Morbid/complications , Obesity, Morbid/surgery , Spain , Weight Loss
5.
Int J Obes (Lond) ; 40(3): 403-10, 2016 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26443337

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: The understanding of the potential role of betatrophin in human metabolic disorders is a current challenge. OBJECTIVE: The present research evaluated circulating betatrophin levels in obese patients with metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) features under energy-restricted weight-loss programs and in normal weight in order to establish the putative interplay between the levels of this hormone, diet and metabolic risk factors linked to obesity and associated comorbidities. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One hundred forty-three participants were enrolled in the study (95 obese-MetSyn; age 49.5±9.4 years; body mass index (BMI) 35.7±4.5 kg m(-2) and 48 normal weight; age 35.71±8.8 years; BMI 22.9±2.2 kg m(-2)). A nutritional therapy consisting in two hypocaloric strategies (control diet based on the AHA recommendations and the RESMENA (MEtabolic Syndrome REduction in Navarra) diet, a novel dietary program with changes in the macronutrient distribution) was only prescribed to obese-MetSyn participants who were randomly allocated to the dietary strategies. Dietary records, anthropometrical and biochemical variables as well as betatrophin levels were analyzed before (pre-intervention, week 0), at 8 weeks (post-intervention, week 8) and after 4 additional months of self-control period (follow-up, week 24). RESULTS: Betatrophin levels were higher in obese-MetSyn patients than normal-weight subjects (1.24±0.43 vs 0.97±0.69 ng ml(-1), respectively, P=0.012), and levels were positively associated with body composition, metabolic parameters, leptin and irisin in all participants at baseline. Notably, low pre-intervention (week 0) betatrophin levels in obese patients were significantly associated with higher dietary-induced changes in atherogenic risk factors after 8 weeks. Moreover, protein intake, especially proteins from animal sources, was an independent determinant of betatrophin levels after dietary treatment (B=-0.27; P=0.012). CONCLUSIONS: Betatrophin is elevated in obese patients with MetSyn features and is associated with poorer nutritional outcomes of adiposity and dyslipidemia traits after a weight-loss program. Dietary protein intake could be a relevant modulator of betatrophin secretion and activity.


Subject(s)
Caloric Restriction , Metabolic Syndrome/diet therapy , Obesity/diet therapy , Peptide Hormones/metabolism , Angiopoietin-Like Protein 8 , Angiopoietin-like Proteins , Atherosclerosis , Biomarkers/metabolism , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Diet, Reducing , Energy Intake , Female , Guidelines as Topic , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Metabolic Syndrome/metabolism , Metabolic Syndrome/prevention & control , Middle Aged , Obesity/metabolism , Obesity/prevention & control , Treatment Outcome , Weight Loss
6.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis ; 24(4): 416-22, 2014 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24462367

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Cocoa flavanols are recognised by their favourable antioxidant and vascular effects. This study investigates the influence on health of the daily consumption of ready-to-eat meals supplemented with cocoa extract within a hypocaloric diet, on middle-aged overweight/obese subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS: Fifty healthy male and female middle-aged volunteers [57.26 ± 5.24 years and body mass index (BMI) 30.59 ± 2.33 kg/m(2)] were recruited to participate in a 4 week randomised, parallel and double-blind study. After following 3 days on a low-polyphenol diet, 25 volunteers received meals supplemented with 1.4 g of cocoa extract (645.3 mg of polyphenols) and the other 25 participants received control meals, within a 15% energy restriction diet. On the 4th week of intervention individuals in both dietary groups improved (p < 0.05) anthropometric, body composition, blood pressure and blood biochemical measurements. Oxidised LDL cholesterol (oxLDL), showed a higher reduction (p = 0.030) in the cocoa group. Moreover, myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels decreased only in the cocoa supplemented group (p = 0.007). Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (sICAM-1) decreased significantly in both groups, while Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) did not present differences after the 4 weeks of intervention. Interestingly, cocoa intake showed a different effect by gender, presenting more beneficial effects in men. CONCLUSIONS: The consumption of cocoa extract as part of ready-to-eat meals and within a hypocaloric diet improved oxidative status (oxLDL) in middle-aged subjects, being most remarkable in males. REGISTRATION NUMBER: Registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01596309).


Subject(s)
Antioxidants/administration & dosage , Cacao , Caloric Restriction , Fast Foods , Lipoproteins, LDL/blood , Obesity/diet therapy , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Polyphenols/administration & dosage , Biomarkers/blood , Blood Glucose/drug effects , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Body Composition/drug effects , Body Mass Index , Double-Blind Method , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Obesity/blood , Obesity/diagnosis , Obesity/physiopathology , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Sex Factors , Spain , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
7.
Environ Int ; 186: 108565, 2024 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38574403

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Endocrine disruptors (EDs) have emerged as potential contributors to the development of type-2 diabetes. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), is one of these EDs linked with chronic diseases and gathered attention due to its widespread in food. OBJECTIVE: To assess at baseline and after 1-year of follow-up associations between estimated dietary intake (DI) of PFOS, and glucose homeostasis parameters and body-mass-index (BMI) in a senior population of 4600 non-diabetic participants from the PREDIMED-plus study. METHODS: Multivariable linear regression models were conducted to assess associations between baseline PFOS-DI at lower bound (LB) and upper bound (UB) established by the EFSA, glucose homeostasis parameters and BMI. RESULTS: Compared to those in the lowest tertile, participants in the highest tertile of baseline PFOS-DI in LB and UB showed higher levels of HbA1c [ß-coefficient(CI)] [0.01 %(0.002 to 0.026), and [0.06 mg/dL(0.026 to 0.087), both p-trend ≤ 0.001], and fasting plasma glucose in the LB PFOS-DI [1.05 mg/dL(0.050 to 2.046),p-trend = 0.022]. Prospectively, a positive association between LB of PFOS-DI and BMI [0.06 kg/m2(0.014 to 0.106) per 1-SD increment of energy-adjusted PFOS-DI was shown. Participants in the top tertile showed an increase in HOMA-IR [0.06(0.016 to 0.097), p-trend = 0.005] compared to participants in the reference tertile after 1-year of follow-up. DISCUSSION: This is the first study to explore the association between DI of PFOS and glucose homeostasis. In this study, a high baseline DI of PFOS was associated with a higher levels of fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c and with an increase in HOMA-IR and BMI after 1-year of follow-up.


Subject(s)
Alkanesulfonic Acids , Blood Glucose , Fluorocarbons , Homeostasis , Alkanesulfonic Acids/blood , Humans , Fluorocarbons/blood , Male , Female , Aged , Blood Glucose/analysis , Middle Aged , Body Mass Index , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Endocrine Disruptors , Diet/statistics & numerical data , Aged, 80 and over , Prospective Studies , Environmental Pollutants/blood
8.
Cytokine ; 64(1): 265-71, 2013 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23796695

ABSTRACT

The aim of this article is to assess the potential relationships between TNFα gene promoter methylation in peripheral white blood cells and central adiposity (truncal fat), metabolic features and dietary fat intake. A group of 40 normal-weight young women (21 ± 3y; BMI 21.0 ± 1.7 kg/m(2)) was included in this cross-sectional study. Anthropometric, biochemical and dietary data were assessed using validated procedures. DNA from white blood cells was isolated and 5-methylcytosine levels of the CpGs sites present in TNFα gene promoter (from -170 to +359 pb) were analyzed by Sequenom EpiTyper. Those women with high truncal fat (≥52.3%) showed lower 5-methylcytosine levels (P<0.05) in the site CpG13 (at position +207) and CpG19 (+317 pb) of the TNFα gene promoter when were compared to women with lower truncal adiposity. The methylation levels of CpG13 were also correlated with circulating TNFα levels, which were higher in those women with greater truncal adiposity. In a linear regression model, truncal fat, HDL-cholesterol, insulin, plasma TNFα, and daily n-6 PUFA intake explained the methylation levels of CpG13 site +207 by 48% and the average of CpG13 and CpG19 by 43% (P<0.001). In conclusion, women with higher truncal fat showed lower methylation levels of TNFα promoter in peripheral white blood cells and higher plasma TNFα concentrations. DNA methylation levels of TNFα promoter were associated with some metabolic features and with n-6 PUFA intake, suggesting a complex nutriepigenomic network in the regulation of this recognized pro-inflammatory marker.


Subject(s)
DNA Methylation/genetics , Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/metabolism , Leukocytes/cytology , Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics , 5-Methylcytosine/analysis , Adipose Tissue/metabolism , Adiposity/physiology , Adolescent , Adult , Body Composition/physiology , Body Fat Distribution , Body Weight/physiology , Cholesterol, HDL/blood , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diet , Dietary Fats , Female , Food , Humans , Inflammation , Insulin/blood , Leukocytes/metabolism , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism , Young Adult
9.
J Nutr Health Aging ; 27(12): 1162-1167, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38151866

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: We tested the effects of a weight-loss intervention encouraging energy-reduced MedDiet and physical activity (PA) in comparison to ad libitum MedDiet on COVID-19 incidence in older adults. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of PREDIMED-Plus, a prospective, ongoing, multicentre randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Community-dwelling, free-living participants in PREDIMED-Plus trial. PARTICIPANTS: 6,874 Spanish older adults (55-75 years, 49% women) with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome. INTERVENTION: Participants were randomised to Intervention (IG) or Control (CG) Group. IG received intensive behavioural intervention for weight loss with an energy-reduced MedDiet intervention and PA promotion. CG was encouraged to consume ad libitum MedDiet without PA recommendations. MEASUREMENTS: COVID-19 was ascertained by an independent Event Committee until December 31, 2021. COX regression models compared the effect of PREDIMED-Plus interventions on COVID-19 risk. RESULTS: Overall, 653 COVID-19 incident cases were documented (IG:317; CG:336) over a median (IQR) follow-up of 5.8 (1.3) years (inclusive of 4.0 (1.2) years before community transmission of COVID-19) in both groups. A significantly lowered risk of COVID-19 incidence was not evident in IG, compared to CG (fully-adjusted HR (95% CI): 0.96 (0.81,1.12)). CONCLUSIONS: There was no evidence to show that an intensive weight-loss intervention encouraging energy-reduced MedDiet and PA significantly lowered COVID-19 risk in older adults with overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome in comparison to ad libitum MedDiet. Recommendations to improve adherence to MedDiet provided with or without lifestyle modification suggestions for weight loss may have similar effects in protecting against COVID-19 risk in older adults with high cardiovascular risks.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Cardiovascular Diseases , Diet, Mediterranean , Metabolic Syndrome , Humans , Female , Aged , Male , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology , Metabolic Syndrome/prevention & control , Metabolic Syndrome/complications , Overweight/complications , Prospective Studies , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19/prevention & control , COVID-19/complications , Obesity/complications , Obesity/epidemiology , Obesity/therapy , Life Style , Weight Loss
10.
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis ; 21 Suppl 2: B1-15, 2011 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21764273

ABSTRACT

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) manifestations is rapidly increasing worldwide, and is becoming an important health problem. Actually, MetS includes a combination of clinical complications such as obesity (central adiposity), insulin resistance, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hypertension. All these alterations predispose individuals to type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease inducing earlier mortality rates among people. In general terms, it is difficult for patients to follow a standard long-term diet/exercise regime that would improve or alleviate MetS symptoms. Thus, the investigation of food components that may deal with the MetS features is an important field for ameliorate and facilitate MetS dietary-based therapies. Currently antioxidants are of great interest due to the described association between obesity, cardiovascular alterations and oxidative stress. On the other hand, high MUFA and PUFA diets are being also considered due to their potential benefits on hypertension, insulin resistance and triglyceride levels. Mineral composition of the diet is also relevant since high potassium intake may improve hypertension and high calcium consumption may promote lipid oxidation. Thus, although nutritional supplements are at the peak of dietetic therapies, the consumption of some specific foods (legumes, fatty fish, vegetables and fruits, etc) with bioactive components within an energy-restricted diet is a promising approach to manage MetS manifestations. Therefore, the present review focuses on some of the most important food components currently investigated to improve and make easier the nutritional MetS treatment.


Subject(s)
Diet , Metabolic Syndrome/diet therapy , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology , Obesity/diet therapy , Obesity/epidemiology , Antioxidants/administration & dosage , Cardiovascular Diseases/diet therapy , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diet therapy , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology , Dietetics , Dyslipidemias/complications , Dyslipidemias/diet therapy , Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated/administration & dosage , Fatty Acids, Omega-3/administration & dosage , Fatty Liver/complications , Fatty Liver/diet therapy , Glucose Intolerance/complications , Glucose Intolerance/diet therapy , Humans , Hypertension/complications , Hypertension/diet therapy , Insulin Resistance , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , Prevalence , Risk Factors
11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32466190

ABSTRACT

The main objective of this study was to examine the relationship between the level of physical activity (PA) and the degree of obesity with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) who participated in the Predimed-Plus study. A total of 6875 subjects between 55 and 75 years of age with MetS were selected and randomized in 23 Spanish centers. Subjects were classified according to categories of body mass index (BMI). PA was measured with the validated Registre Gironí del Cor (REGICOR) questionnaire and subjects were classified according to their PA level (light, moderate, vigorous) and the HRQoL was measured with the validated short-form 36 (SF-36) questionnaire. By using the ANOVA model, we found a positive and statistically significant association between the level of PA and the HRQoL (aggregated physical and mental dimensions p < 0.001), but a negative association with higher BMI in aggregated physical dimensions p < 0.001. Furthermore, women obtained lower scores compared with men, more five points in all fields of SF-36. Therefore, it is essential to promote PA and body weight control from primary care consultations to improve HRQoL, paying special attention to the differences that sex incurs.


Subject(s)
Body Mass Index , Exercise , Metabolic Syndrome , Quality of Life , Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Metabolic Syndrome/complications , Middle Aged
12.
An Sist Sanit Navar ; 31(3): 259-80, 2008.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19165292

ABSTRACT

Oxidative stress is related to an imbalance between the production of reactive species and the antioxidant defenses. In essence, oxidative stress has been defined as a disturbance in the pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance, leading to potential damage. It has been suggested that oxidative stress is involved in the etiology of several chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer and neurodegenerative processes. The antioxidant defenses include nonenzymatic (especially dietary antioxidants) and antioxidant enzymes. Vitamins, minerals and phytochemicals (polyphenols and carotenoids) are among the major dietary antioxidants. The assessment of oxidative stress status though specific biomarkers has acquired great importance. The major biomarkers include the products of the attack of free radicals and reactive species to various substrates: lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Measurement of antioxidant capacity may also involve the assessment of specific oxidative stress biomarkers. Most of the studies that have examined the association between diet and oxidative stress consider the effects of antioxidant supplements (vitamins and minerals), drinks and foods with bioactive compounds or dietary patterns on oxidative stress biomarkers. Some of these studies have demonstrated beneficial results on oxidative stress markers. However, the role of diet on oxidative stress biomarkers remains unclear and represents a potentially fruitful area for further research in the health area.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants/administration & dosage , Diet , Dietary Supplements , Oxidative Stress , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biomarkers/blood , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Minerals/administration & dosage , Time Factors , Vitamins/administration & dosage
13.
An Sist Sanit Navar ; 41(2): 227-242, 2018 Aug 29.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30063037

ABSTRACT

The aging of the population underlines an important challenge for the health system not only from sanitary and economic reasons but also by quality perspectives concerning preventive care, where precision nutrition (PN) and the prescription or advice on healthy habits becomes relevant. PN focuses on provide nutrition adapted to each individual, understanding that the prevention or treatment of chronic disorders (obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, etc.) must be addressed in a comprehensive way, considering not only relevant personal and clinical information, but also healthy aging and phenotypical and genotypical features. This guide was prepared due to the need to develop precision nutritional models that allow individualized nutritional treatment for each subject and physiopathological particularities with emphasis on the elderly. Therefore, the requirements of the Spanish pre-senior and senior populations, dietary recommendations and precision foods are reviewed in this document: have at least three daily meals, reduce total calories, choose a varied and balanced diet with fresh foods and high nutritional density, add vegetables, legumes and fish, consume dairy products and fiber, prefer white meat instead of red, avoid fried foods, sausages and processed foods, moderate the consumption of salt, coffee and alcohol, and get hydrated.


Subject(s)
Chronic Disease/therapy , Nutrition Policy , Nutritional Requirements , Age Factors , Aged , Humans , Precision Medicine
14.
Nutr Res Rev ; 19(1): 5-17, 2006 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19079872

ABSTRACT

Obesity is a chronic disorder caused by an imbalance of the energy metabolism with high associated burdens. Therefore, huge efforts are being currently devoted in studying new types of hypoenergetic diets and their composition, in order to characterise more specific, long-lasting and safe slimming protocols. A number of investigations are trying to determine the specific influence of the macronutrient distribution in energy-restricted diets on the management of excessive body weight. In this context, very-low-energy diets supplying between 1670 and 3350 kJ (400 and 800 kcal)/d have been beneficial in short-term treatments causing a weight loss of 300-500 g/d. Such strategies place more emphasis on energy restriction than on the macronutrient composition of the diet prescription. Weight loss produced by either low-carbohydrate or low-fat moderately energy-restricted diets ranges from 0.5 to 1.0 kg/week, while diets with high or moderately high protein content have also been applied in weight-reducing programmes by inducing losses of 0.2-0.4 kg/week. Other factors that determine weight loss by dieting are sex, age, initial body weight, race, genetics, regional fat deposition, etc, which must be taken into account to explain the variability in the outcomes of different low-energy diets. Therefore, more research is needed about the impact of diets with different fuel substrates and foods on the characteristics of the weight-loss process.

15.
J Physiol Biochem ; 61(3): 483-94, 2005 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16440602

ABSTRACT

Data from a number of studies and trials have shown that different conjugated linoleic acids (CLA's) may produce beneficial effects on cancer, atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes and changes in body composition. Despite the increasing knowledge about CLA's implications on health, the mechanism of action of these fatty acids is not completely understood. Moreover, human studies indicate that some of these beneficial effects are considerably less evident than anticipated from mice studies, while the efficacy and safety of dietary supplements containing CLA have been questioned in some intervention trials. Recently, it has been suggested that the anti-carcinogenic and anti-atherosclerosis effects of CLA's stem from its anti-inflammatory properties. Because inflammatory responses are associated with the pathophysiology of many diseases, including obesity and the metabolic syndrome, the investigation in this area is of growing interest in recent years.


Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Inflammation/drug therapy , Linoleic Acid/therapeutic use , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Humans , Linoleic Acid/pharmacology , Metabolic Syndrome , Obesity , Oxidative Stress
16.
Clin Nutr ; 34(5): 1010-7, 2015 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25434574

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The aim of this study is to further clarify the role of plasma 25(OH)D concentration after a weight-lowering nutritional intervention on body composition, blood pressure and inflammatory biomarkers in overweight/obese middle-aged subjects. METHODS: This longitudinal research encompassed a total of 50 subjects [57.26 (5.24) year], who were under a 15% energy restricted diet for 4 weeks. Anthropometric and body composition variables, blood routine, inflammatory markers as well as 25(OH)D were analysed. RESULTS: Circulating 25(OH)D levels [12.13(±17.61%)] increased while anthropometric, body composition, routine blood markers as well as the concentration of TNF-α, C-reactive protein and Lp-PLA2 were significantly reduced after the intervention. Multiple linear regression analyses evidenced that Δ25(OH)D increase was linked to the decrease in weight, adiposity, SBP and IL-6 levels. Moreover, a relationship was found between Δ25(OH)D, Δfat mass (r = -0.405; p = 0.007), ΔSBP (r = -0.355; p = 0.021) and ΔIL-6 (r = -0.386; p = 0.014). On the other hand, a higher increase in 25(OH)D was accompanied by reductions in weight, BMI, SBP, IL-6 and an increase in bone mineral concentration (p < 0.05). Interestingly, higher levels of 25(OH)D at the endpoint, showed a significantly higher decrease in weight, BMI and total fat mass. CONCLUSIONS: The increase in plasma 25(OH)D level is linked with the decrease in SBP and adiposity in middle-aged subjects after a weight-loss intervention. Therefore, 25(OH)D assessment is a potential marker to be accounted in metabolic measures related to blood pressure, adiposity and inflammation in obesity management. TRIAL REGISTRATION: www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01596309).


Subject(s)
Blood Pressure/drug effects , Body Composition/drug effects , Vitamin D/blood , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biomarkers/blood , Body Mass Index , C-Reactive Protein/metabolism , Cholesterol, HDL/blood , Cholesterol, LDL/blood , Dietary Carbohydrates/administration & dosage , Dietary Fats/administration & dosage , Dietary Proteins/administration & dosage , Double-Blind Method , Energy Intake , Female , Humans , Interleukin-6/blood , Linear Models , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Middle Aged , Patient Compliance , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood , Vitamin D/administration & dosage , Weight Loss
17.
Metabolism ; 47(3): 301-8, 1998 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9500567

ABSTRACT

Several studies have shown that dietary factors modulate cell signaling pathways. The aim of this study was to determine whether a hypercholesterolemia-inducing diet rich in saturated fat and cholesterol modifies rat liver expression of the nuclear receptors of retinoic acid (RAR), triiodothyronine (TR), and glucocorticoid hormone (GR), which are transcriptional factors. The experimental diet contained coconut oil 25 g/100 g as a source of lipids, cholesterol 1 g/100 g, and cholic acid 0.5 g/100 g, and the control diet contained olive oil 5 g/100 g. After 26 days of feeding the hypercholesterolemia-inducing diet, a lower binding capacity of the nuclear receptors and a smaller amount of their mRNA were observed. Moreover, the activities of malic enzyme (ME) and tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT), whose gene promotors contain a response element to TR and GR, respectively, were significantly decreased. These changes occurred in a cellular environment characterized by a high level of cholesterol and free fatty acids (FFAs). Thus, two nonexclusive hypotheses can be proposed to explain this decreased expression of nuclear receptors, one emphasizing the effect of lipidic components on the cellular amount of receptor ligands (retinoic acid [RA] and triiodothyronine [T3]), the other emphasizing a modification of the balance between nuclear receptors that could impede the upregulation of TR and RAR.


Subject(s)
Cholesterol, Dietary/pharmacology , Gene Expression , Liver/metabolism , Receptors, Glucocorticoid/genetics , Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics , Receptors, Thyroid Hormone/genetics , Animals , Cell Nucleus/metabolism , Cholesterol, Dietary/administration & dosage , Hypercholesterolemia/metabolism , Lipid Metabolism , Lipids/blood , Malate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Male , Polymerase Chain Reaction , RNA, Messenger/analysis , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Tyrosine Transaminase/metabolism
18.
J Agric Food Chem ; 49(11): 5662-7, 2001 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11714374

ABSTRACT

Salmon was processed by three different culinary techniques: pan-frying with olive oil, pan-frying with soya oil, and roasting. Roasting did not modify the fat content from that of raw samples. Frying increased the fat content 2-fold, with no difference between samples fried with different oils. Total cholesterol oxidized products (COPs) were 0.74, 2.98, 3.35, and 7.38 microg/g fat in raw, fried with olive oil, fried with soya oil, and roasted salmon, respectively, which represent 0.01, 0.08, 0.09, and 0.15% of cholesterol. A significant correlation (r = 0.902, < or = 0.01) was found between acidity index and total COPs. The most abundant COPs were 7-ketocholesterol, which appeared in all the samples, and cholestanetriol (one of the most citotoxic COP), which appeared only in cooked samples (1.05-1.33 microg/g fat). All cooked samples supplied more omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) than raw samples and showed higher omega-6/omega-3 ratios. Roasted salmon showed the lowest omega-3 content and the highest PUFAs/(SFAs)-C18:0 and MUFAs+PUFAs/(SFAs-C18:0) ratios.


Subject(s)
Cholesterol/chemistry , Cooking , Fatty Acids/chemistry , Salmon , Animals , Fish Products , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Oxidation-Reduction
19.
J Pharm Pharmacol ; 49(9): 873-7, 1997 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9306254

ABSTRACT

Impairments in intestinal absorptive and digestive processes have been described in several pathophysiological situations, such as in drug-induced diabetes, obesity and hypercholesterolaemia. Furthermore, there is evidence for the occurrence of beta 3-adrenoceptors in multiple regions of the gastrointestinal tract, but there are no data concerning their possible involvement on jejunal and ileal digestive and absorptive functions. In this work, we have measured the modifications of selective intestinal absorption and disaccharidase activities in alloxan-induced diabetic and in diet-induced obese and hypercholesterolaemic Wistar rats. The action of a beta 3-adrenergic agonist (Trecadrine) with hypoglycaemic and lipolytic properties on those gastrointestinal functions has been studied. Increases in the galactose uptake by intestinal rings and in both sucrase and maltase activities were found in diabetic rats. The results obtained after Trecadrine administration to diabetic rats led to an improvement of the altered values. On the other hand, our data show a decrease in sugar absorption and in disaccharidase activities in both obese and hypercholesterolaemic groups, probably related to the low carbohydrate and high fat content of these diets. An amelioration in sucrase activity was observed after treatment with Trecadrine. Finally, Trecadrine administration to control animals significantly inhibited galactose intestinal absorption, which was independently confirmed by additional in-vitro studies. Overall, these results could be attributed not only to an improvement in the pathophysiological condition (diabetes, obesity and hypercholesterolaemia), but also to a direct effect of the beta 3-adrenergic agonist on the intestinal absorption processes.


Subject(s)
Adrenergic beta-Agonists/pharmacology , Benzyl Alcohols/pharmacology , Disaccharidases/metabolism , Galactose/metabolism , Intestinal Absorption/drug effects , Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/drug effects , Animals , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/enzymology , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism , Female , Hypercholesterolemia/enzymology , Hypercholesterolemia/metabolism , Male , Microvilli/enzymology , Obesity/enzymology , Obesity/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3 , Sucrase/metabolism , alpha-Glucosidases/metabolism
20.
J Physiol Biochem ; 58(2): 69-74, 2002 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12435081

ABSTRACT

Long-term exposure to hypercaloric high fat diet induced marked tissue fatty acid accumulation and may influence cell function. Previous results in our laboratory showed that uncoupling proteins (UCPs) and fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) gene expression are changed in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle tissue in diet-induced (cafeteria) obese animals. The aim of this study was to examine heart FABP (HFABP) and UCP2 gene expressions in dietary obese rats. Rats fed on a high-fat diet for 65 days had significantly higher fat stores and body weight than control rats. Interestingly, we found that both HFABP and UCP2 mRNA levels were significantly reduced in cafeteria-obese rats when compared to control animals. Moreover, a statistically significant correlation was observed between the two gene expression levels. The down-regulation of heart HFABP and UCP2 parallels the lower lipid utilization which may account for an enhanced fat deposition. It is plausible that these two genes are regulated by the same family of transcription factors.


Subject(s)
Carrier Proteins/biosynthesis , Carrier Proteins/genetics , Diet , Membrane Transport Proteins , Mitochondrial Proteins , Myocardium/metabolism , Neoplasm Proteins , Nerve Tissue Proteins , Obesity/metabolism , Protein Biosynthesis , Proteins/genetics , Animals , Biomarkers/blood , Body Weight , DNA Primers , Dietary Fats , Down-Regulation , Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 7 , Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins , Ion Channels , Male , Obesity/etiology , Obesity/genetics , Organ Size , RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis , RNA, Messenger/genetics , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Statistics as Topic , Uncoupling Protein 2
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