Impact of treament with orthodontic aligners on the oral health-related quality of life.

BACKGROUND: There is an increasing interest in information on the effects of orthodontic aligners on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of people. AIM: To compare the impact of orthodontic aligners versus conventional fixed appliances on OHRQoL, using a validated tool and controlling for sociodemographic and clinical variables. METHOD: Sixty-one individuals participated in this study. Group 1 (G1) consisted of 33 individuals under treatment with orthodontic aligners and Group 2 (G2) comprised 28 individuals under treatment with conventional fixed appliances. OHRQoL was evaluated with the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) in which 14 items are distributed across seven dimensions: functional limitation, physical pain, psychological discomfort, physical disability, psychological disability, social disability, and handicap. The higher the score, the more negative is the perception of the individual regarding his/her OHRQoL. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney test, and Poisson regression were performed. Effect Size (ES) and Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) were also determined. RESULTS: Participants' mean age was 30.69 years. Individuals in G1 had a significantly lower score for physical pain and the total score of OHIP-14 compared to individuals in G2 (p < 0.05). The ES was large (ES = 0.74) for physical pain and moderate (ES = 0.46) for the total score. The ES was moderate for physical disability (ES = 0.50). The difference between groups for physical pain (1.30) and for physical disability (0.90) was greater than the MCID (0.87 and 0.88, respectively). Poisson regression showed that G2 individuals showed a score for physical pain 1.39 times higher than those of G1 in the adjusted model (OR = 1.39, [1.03-1.89], p = 0.031). CONCLUSION: Those under treatment with orthodontic aligners have a more positive perception of OHRQoL compared to those wearing fixed appliances.

Maternal Knowledge of Oral Health During Pregnancy and Childbirth.

OBJECTIVE: This cohort study was to investigate maternal knowledge of the oral health of woman and children during pregnancy and after childbirth, and the associated factors. METHODS: Groups of women participating in a public prenatal dental care programme in Brazil were assessed, in two different stages. In the first stage, pregnant women were assessed for their own oral health. In the second stage, after childbirth, women were assessed for the oral health of their child. The examiner assigned a maternal knowledge score to the questionnaires, considering the ideal alternatives within the context of oral health promotion as correct answers. Statistical analysis included the Kruskal-Wallis and multiple linear regression tests, considering a level of significance of P < 0.05. RESULTS: Ninety-eight women were included in the study, with a mean age 26.27 years (SD 6.51). In the regression analysis, the maternal knowledge score was associated with the presence of myths about oral health (P < 0.01), the children first dental appointment in the first year of life (P = 0.07), the presence of a non-nutritious sucking habit (P < 0.01), considering dental treatment to be important during pregnancy (P < 0.01), and having been instructed on oral health during pregnancy (P < 0.01) and after the children birth (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the women showed a regular score of knowledge about their oral health and that of their children, as they still believed in some myths about oral health and the risks of dental treatment during pregnancy. Women who received guidance on oral health in pregnancy and after birth showed higher knowledge of their oral health and that of their children, demonstrating the importance of carrying out health promotion actions during pregnancy and the first years of the child's life.

Comprehensive assessment of periodontal health in cerebral palsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIMS: Cerebral palsy (CP) is the term for a set of neurological disorders resulting from brain damage that impairs motor function. The aim of the present study was to perform a systematic review of the literature to determine whether individuals with CP are at a greater risk of negative periodontal health outcomes compared to those without CP. METHODS: This study followed the recommendations of the MOOSE guidelines. Electronic searches were conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Ovid, Embase, and PsycInfo databases. Observational studies assessing periodontal outcomes in individuals with CP were included. Risk of bias was appraised using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Meta-analyses were conducted and the results were presented using standardized mean differences (SMD), odds ratios (OR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The strength of the evidence was also assessed. RESULTS: A total of 316 records were retrieved from the electronic databases, 17 of which were included in the qualitative synthesis. Meta-analyses revealed significantly higher scores in individuals with CP compared to those without CP for the oral hygiene index (SMD = 0.47 [95% CI: 0.17-0.78, I2 = 80%), gingival index (SMD = 0.75 [95% CI: 0.39-1.11], I2 = 79%), plaque index (SMD = 0.70 [95% CI: 0.07-1.33], I2 = 93%), and calculus index (SMD = 0.98 [95% CI: 0.76-1.20], I2 = 0%). However, no significant difference was found between groups for the prevalence of gingivitis (OR = 1.27 [95% CI: 0.28-5.66], I2 = 93%). The risk of bias for the outcome assessment and statistical tests was low. The strength of the evidence was deemed very low. CONCLUSION: Individuals with CP may experience more significant negative periodontal health outcomes compared to those without CP.

COVID-19 pandemic impact on follow-up of child growth and development in Brazil.

Objectives: This study investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the primary health care (PHC) services to follow-up the child growth and development (CGD) in Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data related visits to assess the growth and development of children up to five years between Apr-2017 to Mar-2021. Differences between monthly rate of visits (per thousand inhabitants up to five) during the pandemic (Apr-2020 to Mar-2021) and before (Apr-2017 to Mar-2020) were analyzed using paired t test and control diagrams (averages ± 1.96 standard deviation). Results: A total of 39,599,313 visits for monitoring CGD was studied. The average monthly rate of visits dropped from 61.34 (per thousand) before the pandemic to 39.70 in the first 12 months of the pandemic (p < 0.001). In all states, except Rio Grande do Sul, there was a significant reduction, with differences ranging from -14.21% in São Paulo to -59.66% in Ceará. The Northeast region was the most impacted, being lower than expected in all 12 first months of pandemic. Conclusions: The number of visits to follow-up the CGD in PHC in Brazil decreased during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, varying over the months and between states and regions.