Spectrophotometric study of complex formation between oxovanadium (IV) and antiamebic drugs.

Complex formation between oxovanadium(IV) and the antiamebic drugs 5, 7-dibromo-8-quinolinol and 5, 7-dichloro-8-quinolinol was studied in the pH 1.5-2.0 range, using ethanol, dioxane-water, and dimethylformamide as solvents. The composition of the formed complexes was determined by more than one procedure. In ethanol and dioxane-water, the 1:1 and 1:2 complexes were formed; in dimethylformamide, the 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 complexes were formed. The stability constants were computed using two procedures: the molar ratio method and the extrapolation method. The reproducibility or results in satisfactory.

[Tibial intramedullary nailing without open drilling]. / Die Tibiamarknagelung ohne Aufbohrung.

By means on the basis of a prospective study of 33 osteosynthesis with the unreamed tibia nail (UTN) the following conclusions were found: 1. A technical simple, intramedullary solid strength bearing device in only two diameters is available, therefore costs for stock keeping are low. Systematic interlocking of the nail is necessary. Regarding the multiplicity of indication as well as the mechanical character the UTN is close to the principle of the internal fixator. 2. As a result of its solid constitution remarkable hollow cavities do not exist, so that retention of hematoma or secretions is limited (prophylaxis of infection). 3. In case of a closed nailing procedure the less rigid fracture fixation is favourable for the biology of the bone healing (fracture hematoma, less traumatic procedure without reaming of the medullary cavity, etc.). 4. The frequently observed breakage of interlocking bolts leads spontaneously to a dynamisation favourable as to time and therefore to a better bone healing process (callus formation). 5. Time intervals of bony fractures consolidation are significantly shorter compared to the exclusive osteosynthesis with the external fixator [3]. 6. The unreamed tibia nail is an implant for both primary stabilisation of closed diaphyseal fractures of the tibia with soft tissue injury and for secondary procedure/treatment for example after external fixator osteosynthesis or initial non-operative treatment. Early change of procedure seems to be of importance.

Serum growth hormone and somatomedin-C in patients with bilharzial hepatic fibrosis and post hepatitic cirrhosis.

Twenty patients with bilharzial periportal fibrosis, 20 patients with post hepatitic cirrhosis and 20 normal controls were chosen for assessment of serum level of human growth hormone (HGH) before and after insulin induced hypoglycemia and Somatomedin-C (Sm-C). In the first group no statistical significant difference was noticed in HGH before and after insulin test but the basal serum level of Sm-C showed a statistically significant decrease after insulin test. In the second group HGH showed statistical significant increase before and after insulin induced hypoglycemia. Also, the mean serum level of Sm-C showed a statistical significant decrease before and after insulin induced hypoglycemia.

Correlation between the level of serum growth hormone; somatomedin-C; anthropometric measurements and the liver functions in chronic liver diseases.

Twenty patients with bilharzial periportal fibrosis (group I); 20 patients with post hepatitic cirrhosis (group II) and 20 normal controls were chosen to study the correlation between the serum level of human growth hormone (GH) and Somatomedin-C (Sm-C); and the anthropometric measurements; liver function tests and various haematological parameters. Group I showed no statistically significant difference in the mean values of serum GH before and after insulin induced hypoglycemia. The basal serum level of Sm-C showed a statistically significant decrease and highly significant decrease after insulin test. A statistically significant positive correlation was evident between the individual values of serum level of GH and Sm-C and the anthropometric measurements, haematological values and liver function tests (r = 0.41). The mean serum level of GH in group 2, showed statistically significant increase before and after insulin test. The mean serum level of Sm-C showed a statistically significant decrease before and after insulin test. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between the individual values of the serum level of GH and Sm-C and the anthropometric measurements, haematological values and liver function tests (r = 0.16).

Pattern of gall bladder sonography in chronic liver diseases.

Seventy eight patients with diffuse hepatic lesions were selected for this study. They were classified after liver biopsy histopathologically into four groups. 45 patients with pure bilharzial hepatomegaly (group 1). 12 patients with mixed bilharzial hepatosplenomegaly with hepatitis (group 2). 16 patients with chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis (group 3) and 5 patients with extrahepatic cholestasis (group 4). Ultrasonography of gall bladder was done for all patients. Group 3 patients showed the highest incidence of gall stones (29.4%) as compared to other groups (P less than 0.05).

HLA typing intestinohepatic schistosomiasis.

Patients with simple and/or complicated intestinal bilharziasis and normal controls were chosen for CBC, complete urine and stool analysis, liver function tests, liver biopsy, sigmoidoscopy and rectal biopsy. HLA typing was done by microcytotoxicity test. A statistically significant increased frequency of HLA-B8 antigen was present in with or without polyposis and with or without hepatosplenomegaly, as compared to controls (P less than 0.01). Also HLA-B8 showed a statistically significant increased frequency in those with or without polyposis and with hepatosplenomegaly and without polyposis (P less than 0.05). The HLA-A25 and A26 showed a significant increased frequency among all groups (P less than 0.05). HLA-A1, A9, B18 were variable in frequency among all groups. It was concluded that patients with bilharzial hepatosplenomegaly specially with intestinal polyposis have a high frequency of HLA-B8.

Evaluation of a new enzyme immunoassay for the detection of Helicobacter pylori in stool specimens.

H. pylori infects the gastric mucosa and causes many digestive disorders such as peptic ulcer, chronic gastritis and gastric cancer. H. pylori infection relates neither to functional health status, nor to intensity of dyspepsia. There is evidence that in most patients with H. pylori positive functional dyspepsia do not improve with eradication of the organism.This study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of HpSA by determining the sensitivity and specificity of the stool antigen test in predicting successful eradication during and after anti microbial therapy. The work was conducted on patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy at Al-Azhar University hospitals. Fifty patients (34 male & 16 female) with dyspepsia were selected, the exclusion criteria included use of antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors up to one month before the study. All cases were submitted to, full history, general and local examination and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Biopsies were taken from the antrum and body of the stomach for rapid urease test and histopathology. Stool samples were taken to detect H. pylori stool antigen. Positive patients received eradication treatment for one month and H. pylori status was re-determined by rapid urease test, histological examination and HpSA test one month later. H. pylori was detected by rapid urease test in 29 (58%) dyspeptic patient by histology in 26(52%) dyspeptic patient, while H. pylori was detected by HpSA immunoassay in 16 (32%) dyspeptic patient. The sensitivity and specificity of HpSA were 57.7% and 95.8% respectively. After successful eradication of H. pylori, reassessment by rapid urease test and histology revealed curative rate of 86.2% and 84.6% respectively, while HpSA immunoassay revealed curative rate 75%. Based on these results, the HpSA immunoassay gave sensitivity (75%) and specificity (100%). The H. pylori stool test represents an accurate and novel non-invasive concept for diagnosis of infection and can be used for daily routine in clinical practice. HpSA is a promising non-invasive test for diagnosis of H. pylori infection but may be hampered by low patient acceptability. So, HpSA is a valuable test in the pre-and post eradication assessment of infection. HpSA can be profitably employed in the primary diagnosis of H. pylori infection. This non invasive test could be very useful in investigating dyspeptic young patients. Also, it could be used profitably in epidemiological studies to determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection in the asymptomatic subjects in different communities.

Morbidity of schistosomiasis hematobia in an Egyptian village.

One hundred and fifty patients with active Schistosomiasis haematobium were chosen from Azizia village an endemic area. 50 healthy controls of the same age and sex groups were chosen. Patients were subjected to complete clinical and laboratory examination. Praziquantel orally in a dose of 40 mg/kg was given to each individual and its therapeutic efficacy was assessed by comparing the results of the previous investigations before and 3 months after treatment. The highest infection intensity was noticed in the small age group (A). There was a statistically significant increase of haematuria in this group, dysunia in middle age (B) and increase frequency of micturition & suprapubic tenderness in older age group (C). Ultrasonography showed partial calcification of bladder in 18% of cases in group A, 28% of cases in group B; in group C the percentage was 32% with 14% hydronephrosis, bladder mass 2%, stone bladder & ureter 6%. After praziquantel therapy there was a statistically significant (1) Reduction in haematuria, dysuria increase frequency and suprapubic tenderness (Z less than 1.96). (2) reduction of mean egg count in urine (3) significant improvement of Hb% (4) bladder calcifications showed partial improvement.

Plasma fibronectin and serum complement C3 levels in chronic active hepatitis following virus "B" versus virus "C" infection.

Plasma fibronectin and serum complement C3 levels were estimated in 30 patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) post virus "B" and another 30 patients with CAH post virus "C" as well as 20 normal healthy subjects. Fibronectin level was significantly increased in CAH when compared to normal controls. Moreover, fibronectin level was significantly increased in CAH following virus "C" when compared to CAH following virus "B" hepatitis. Concerning complement C3 there was no significant changes in the different groups studied. We may conclude that CAH following virus "C" may lead to vigorous inflammatory damage than CAH following virus "B" infection.

The effect of scorpion envenomation on the different organs of albino mice.

The effect of sublethal doses of scorpion venom (Buthus quinquestriatus) on the hepatic vascular bed and hepatic parenchyma were studied. The main toxic effect of the venom was primarily on the vascular bed of the liver as manifested by dilatation of branches of the hepatic artery, portal vein together with intravascular thrombi and subcapsular haemorrhages. Apart from mild hydropic degeneration some cells of the hepatic parenchyma showed focal necrosis and Kupffer cells were frequently hypertrophied and contained pigment. In the lung, dilated thrombosed vessels were observed. In the kidney, the vessels showed the same changes. The epithelial and endothelial cells of the glomeruli appeared normal except for slight swelling with intact basement membrane. The tubular cells were swollen with increased granularity and attenuation of the tubular lumen, a picture compatible with hydropic degeneration. The possible mechanisms in inducing such lesions were discussed.