[Promoting Intergenerational Relationships as a Strategy to Face the Challenges of Demographic Aging]. / La promoción de las relaciones intergeneracionales como estrategia para afrontar los desafíos del envejecimiento poblacional.

Nowadays, social and health representatives are putting the focus on emerging need: promote intergenerational programs and practices to generate spaces of encounter and collaboration between people of different ages. According to it, the purpose of intergenerational practices should be to achieve as aim for a society for all ages, regardless of age, an expression proposed by United Nations, not only to integrate all ages but to respond to their needs and provide them a higher quality of life.

[Gender Analysis in the Agreement in Assessing the Signs Between Professionals and Parents Whose Children Have Attention Deficit and/or Hyperactivity Disorder]. / Análisis de género en la concordancia entre profesionales y progenitors en la Valoración de los Signos del Trastorino por Déficit de Atención Con o sin Hiperactividad de los Hijos.

The attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most prevalent chronic neuropsychiatric illness in childhood. It interferes with normal development of children. Its impact transcends childhood to appear in adolescence and adulthood. Diagnosis would be developed if the child shows the main symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity, with consequences in different aspects of daily life, such as academic achievements, family life or social interactions with other children. These symptoms will come up along life in different ways. When the child is young, hyperactivity and impulsivity prevail, but as he/she grows, the dispersion and difficulty to remember things and facts will become more evident. The aim of the study was to assess with the Vanderbilt scale, based on DSM-IV diagnostic criteria, the differences of the impact of ADHD among parents, in comparison to the medical diagnosis. A retrospective study was carried out by using this questionnaire, which completed by both parents individually. A total of 78 children took part in this study, all of them diagnosed with ages ranging from 6 to 16 years old, who attended to Neuropedriatics at VAlle del Nalón Hospital(Asturias), between October 2011 and March 2013. Regarding attention deficit, the average responses given by mothers (7.38 ± 1.81) was higher than that offered by fathers (647 ± 2/46). The same is true for hyperactivity/impulsivity, with average scores of mothers (5.80 ± 2.90) which were one positive response higher than those given by male patients (4.74 ± 3.04). Mothers show a higher percentage of agreement with the medical diagnosis (86.3%) when the child was a girl and 66% with boys, whereas for fathers the percentage of agreement was less than 50% female children and 44.6% for male children.

[The functional assessment as comprehensive geriatric assessment axis]. / La valoración funcional como eje de la valoración geriátrica integral.

The comprehensive geriatric assessment (VGI) is a diagnostic process dynamic, structured, multidimensional and interdisciplinary to detect problems and needs of older people to develop an intervention strategy, although scientific evidence should not apply to all groups elderly. The VGI is developed by an interdisciplinary team, which plays a key role nursing. The framework nurse and nursing conceptual models, especially the 11 functional health patterns, enable the multidimensional assessment and subsequent intervention. The VGI covers four areas, clinic, mental, social and functional, although its axis, its importance and globalization concept is functional assessment. For this we have the history, physical examination and a series of specific instruments, geriatric assessment scales. They are a complement to, not only the VGI axis.

[Promote the autonomy and safety of the elderly: basic care]. / Promocionar la autonomía y la seguridad de las personas mayores cuidados básicos.

The aging process brings with it changes to biological, psychological and social level that hinder the maintenance of the autonomy of older people and, consequently, decrease their quality of life. The progressive aging population, due to the health, social and economic development of recent times, generates new challenges to the professionals involved in the maintenance of the autonomy of this increasingly long-lived population group. One of the fundamental strategies for the maintenance of the satisfaction of new needs that have arisen is the promotion of self-care. Nurses are the leading providers of care and up to us much of the responsibility to cope with the new demands of care demanded by the population aging.

[Pain in the elderly]. / Dolor en al anciano.

Pain leads to unpleasant sensory or emotional experience for any individual. In the elderly, given their biopsychosocial characteristics, the pain requires a specific approach, different from other age groups: this is the objective of this article, which dealt with the different types of pain, the assessment and treatment of the same.

[Strategies for patient safety in medication management and administration]. / Estrategias para la seguridad del paciente manejo y administración de medicamentos.

Clinical safety is one of the greatest challenges currently facing healthcare organizations. Is a key element in the quality of care processes, care processes among which noted, by its impact, the medication management and administration. All health professionals need, in developing their professional competence, strategies to improve safety in medication management and to incorporate the prevention of errors and adverse events in their training programs and assistance: only from proper planning will be approached for excellence in clinical care and safety.

[Safety patient in medication use and administration]. / Seguridad del paciente. Manejo y administración de medicamentos.

We face two realities of great importance in health today: first patient safety as a basic and essential component of quality of care, and secondly the complexity of drug management. Ensure appropriate use and administration medication is essential to guarantee patient safety and necessary condition to ensure optimal levels of quality of clinical practice. We made an analysis of both realities to see what are the implications to health professionals in this area.

Self-Medication of Drugs in Nursing Students from Castile and Leon (Spain).

To determine the prevalence of self-medication in nursing students and their related factors, a transversal, descriptive study was performed on a sample of 378 nursing students. A total of 73.8% of the sample declared having used off-prescription drugs during the last month (2.84;2.26-3.58). A total of 28.9% said they did this because they are familiar with the health problem and its pharmacological solution and 25% deemed that it was a mild health problem. Drugs most commonly used off-prescription were analgesics in 88.91% (3.63;2.74-4.80) of occasions. They were mainly recommended by the students' family (1.31;1.03-1.65) on 58.12% of the cases. Students keep analgesics they take off-prescription in their home first aid kit (4.47;3.28-6.08; p < 0.001). Unlike other studies, 53.2% obtained off-prescription drugs from the home first aid kit (1.13;0.89-1.43; p < 0.001). In addition, they gave advice and recommend drugs they have taken to other people with similar symptoms (1.97;1.59-2.44). A total of 85.72% kept excess drugs after a treatment (6.00;4.50-7.99). Self-medication is related to the storage of unused medicines and giving advice on the use of drugs to other people, among other things. Self-medication of drugs among nursing students is high. Thus, it appears necessary to review the training on rational the use of drugs and responsible self-medication in the discipline's curriculum.

[Implications for professional development in nursing; focus based on professional competencies (II)]. / Implicaciones para la formación en enfermería. Enfoque basado en competencias profesionales (y II).

To work with quality criteria is a demand Nursing care has, but one which requires recognition inside and outside the profession. The authors propose a focus based on competencies as a tool for continuous quality improvement. One area in this focus centers on the professional development for Nurses in the field of research and action which will permit one to enter in the spiral of continuing learning, establishing multiple connections.

[To innovate the practical nurse; focus based on professional competencies (I)]. / Innovar la práctica enfermera. Enfoque basado en competencias profesionales (I).

The Nursing practice has entered into a period of rapid, global changes which require firm support in order to maximize their role in the health field. Together with the transitional situation health systems are undergoing, this obliges nurses to search for new innovative methods to comply with their professional duties and for the creation of instruments that facilitate the increase in the quality treatment nurses provide, as well as the mechanisms through which excellence in educational preparation and professional compliance are recognized. In the following pages, the authors deal with this focus based on professional competencies as a tool which nears these objectives.

Situación de los activos para la salud en España. Estudio descriptivo / Situation of assets for health in Spain. A cross-sectional descriptive study

OBJETIVO: analizar la situación de los recursos que son activos para la salud en España, y su accesibilidad para la población. METODOLOGÍA: estudio descriptivo transversal de los recursos y actividades catalogadas por el Ministerio de Sanidad según la Estrategia de Promoción de la Salud y Prevención del Sistema Nacional de Salud. RESULTADOS: solo hay 5 recursos por 100.000 habitantes. En 4 de las 17 Comunidades Autónomas es significativamente más alto (p < 0.001), con grandes diferencias en el número de actividades por recurso. El 51,36% de los municipios adheridos o en proceso de adhesión a la Estrategia están solo en 4 Comunidades. No hay un acceso equitativo a dichos recursos y actividades. No constan activos para abordar la seguridad y las lesiones no intencionales. CONCLUSIÓN: hay desigualdades territoriales en la disponibilidad de recursos, incluso dentro de las Comunidades. Se proponen cinco líneas de mejora en las que los profesionales de Enfermería de Atención Primaria tienen un papel clave

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the situation of the resources that are active for health in Spain, and its accessibility for the population. METHODS: a cross-sectional descriptive study of the resources and activities cataloged by the Ministry of Health according to the Strategy of Health Promotion and Prevention of the National Health System. RESULTS: there are only 5 resources per 100,000 population. In 4 of the 17 Autonomous Communities it is significantly higher (p <0.001), with large differences in the number of activities per resource. 51.36% of the municipalities joined or in the process of accession to the Strategy are only in 4 Communities. There is no equitable access to such resources and activities. They do not include assets to address safety and unintentional injury. CONCLUSIONS: there are territorial inequalities in the availability of resources, also within the Communities. Five lines of improvement are proposed where Primary Care Nursing professionals play a key role

[Evolution of knowledge and oral hygiene habits in primary schoolchildren]. / Evolución de los conocimientos y hábitos de higiene bucodental en escolares de educación primaria.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the evolution of knowledge and habits to oral hygiene children and adolescents in Palencia (Spain). METHODS: A descriptive study of trend. The population of students from grade 5 of primary education between 2001/11 of the Palencia. Questionnaire data are collected knowledge and habits of the Oral Health Program, which are analyzed descriptively. RESULTS: The trend has been improving knowledge until 2006/07, after stagnating (p <0.05). In habits, increase students declare brushing teeth three times a day (p <0.05). There is a decrease in the consumption of candies between hours from 2004/2005, from 50,3% to 38,2% in 2010/11. DISCUSSION: The results of the program seem to be positive. Increasing knowledge and improving habits related to oral health health they stimulate to continuing being employed at this line.