Enhancing older care services: a comprehensive internet + community home indicator system.

OBJECTIVE: Constructing a demand-oriented Internet + community home care service indicator system, starting from the actual needs of the elderly, and quantifying the demand into specific service contents that can be provided, so as to realize the effective supply of services. It aims to provide a theoretical basis for the government to formulate relevant aging policies and provide a reference basis for promoting the innovation and development of the Internet + elderly care model. METHODS: Based on existence needs, relationship needs and growth needs abbreviated as "Existence, Relatedness, Growth (ERG)" demand theory, through the discussion in the group meeting, form the expert consultation questionnaire of the demand-oriented Internet + community home care service indicator system, select experts in related fields to conduct two rounds of Delphi expert consultation, summarize the experts' opinions to determine the indicator system items, and use the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to construct the judgment matrix to derive the weighting coefficients of the indicators, and establish the ultimate demand-oriented Internet + community home care service indicator system. RESULTS: The effective recovery rates for the two rounds of expert consoulation questionnaires were 100%, with expert authority coefficients of 0.852 and 0.868, respectively. The Kendall coefficients for the second round of expert views varied from 0.226 to 0.431, with coefficients of variation for all indexes less than 0.25.The finalized demand-oriented Internet + community home care service indicator system includes 3 first-level indicators, 10 s-level indicators, and 46 third-level indicators. The consistency ratios of indicator judgment matrices at all levels are less than 0.10, suggesting that the hierarchical analysis findings are consistent, implying that the weight coefficient distribution is appropriate. CONCLUSION: The demand-oriented Internet + community home care service Indicator System, which was created through expert consultation and AHP method, has reasonable content and is more dependable as an evaluation tool for reliably assessing demand for elderly servic.

Constructing an evaluation index system for clinical nursing practice teaching quality using a Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process-based approach.

BACKGROUND: The key step in evaluating the quality of clinical nursing practice education lies in establishing a scientific, objective, and feasible index system. Current assessments of clinical teaching typically measure hospital learning environments, classroom teaching, teaching competency, or the internship quality of nursing students. As a result, clinical evaluations are often insufficient to provide focused feedback, guide faculty development, or identify specific areas for clinical teachers to implement change and improvement. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to to construct a scientific, systematic, and clinically applicable evaluation index system of clinical nursing practice teaching quality and determine each indicator's weight to provide references for the scientific and objective evaluation of clinical nursing practice teaching quality. METHODS: Based on the "Structure-Process-Outcome" theoretical model, a literature review and Delphi surveys were conducted to establish the evaluation index system of clinical nursing practice teaching quality. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to determine the weight of each indicator. RESULTS: The effective response rate for the two rounds of expert surveys was 100%. The expert authority coefficients were 0.961 and 0.975, respectively. The coefficient of variation for the indicators at each level ranged from 0 to 0.25 and 0 to 0.21, and the Kendall harmony coefficients were 0.209 and 0.135, respectively, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.001). The final established index system included 3 first-level, 10 second-level, and 29 third-level indicators. According to the weights computed by the AHP, first-level indicators were ranked as "Process quality" (39.81%), "Structure quality" (36.67%), and "Outcome quality" (23.52%). Among the secondary indicators, experts paid the most attention to "Teaching staff" (23.68%), "Implementation of teaching rules and regulations (14.14%), and "Teaching plans" (13.20%). The top three third-level indicators were "Level of teaching staff" (12.62%), "Structure of teaching staff" (11.06%), and "Implementation of the management system for teaching objects" (7.54%). CONCLUSION: The constructed evaluation index system of clinical nursing practice teaching quality is scientific and reliable, with reasonable weight. The managers' focus has shifted from outcome-oriented to process-oriented approaches, and more focus on teaching team construction, teaching regulations implementation, and teaching design is needed to improve clinical teaching quality.

A core competency evaluation index system for the graded use of clinical nurse specialists: A Delphi study.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To describe a grading system that can be used to evaluate core competency of clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) at different levels. BACKGROUND: Evaluate core competence of CNSs at different levels reflects the quality of nursing and the development of the nursing profession. DESIGN: This research employed the Delphi method. METHODS: The STROBE checklist for observational cross-sectional studies was followed to report this research study. This study consisted of two main phases: a literature review and semistructured interviews. Individual semistructured interviews were conducted with 11 healthcare experts and two patients. Two rounds of questionnaire surveys were administered to 21 nursing experts using the Delphi method. The CNSs were classified as primary, intermediate or advanced based on their years of work, professional titles and educational qualifications. RESULTS: The graded competency evaluation system consisted of five first-level indicators (clinical practice, consulting guidance and teaching, scientific research innovation, management and discipline development, and ethical decision-making), 15 second level indicators, and 40 third-level indicators. The authority coefficients (Cr) of the experts were .865 and .901. The Kendall's concordance coefficients of the three-level indicators were .417, .289 and .316 for primary CNSs; .384, .294 and .337 for intermediate CNSs; and .489, .289 and .239 for advanced CNSs. CONCLUSION: The graded use evaluation system in clinical practice initially involves a comprehensive evaluation of the core abilities of CNSs. This is a tool for cultivating and grading the abilities of specialised nurses that can promote a practical upwards spiral. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The evaluation system can promote the scientific management and continuous improvement of CNSs in clinical nursing and can serve as a practical and objective reference for the effective management and development of CNSs. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Patients participated in the data collection process, during which they shared their health-seeking experience with our research team.

Identifying ESG types of Chinese solid waste disposal companies based on machine learning methods.

In the context of China's efforts to combat climate change and promote sustainable development, the solid waste treatment industry's environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) performance is receiving significant attention. To comprehensively assess the ESG performance of the solid waste treatment industry and identify company types, this study constructs a targeted ESG evaluation index system based on existing literature, SASB industry standards, and company reports and utilizes a random forest approach combined with K-means clustering to determine indicator weights. Based on this index system, the paper evaluates the ESG performance of 71 solid waste disposal companies (SWDCs) from 2013 to 2021 and identifies their ESG types from static and dynamic perspectives. In the static view, company types are determined based on annual ESG performance, while the dynamic view considers time-series changes to observe the evolution of company ESG types. The results show that the overall ESG performance of SWDCs falls within the 2-8-point range, indicating a noticeable high-low imbalance. Key initiatives to improve ESG performance in this industry include enhancing waste management measures, developing emergency plans, and reinforcing ESG disclosure. From a static perspective, this paper can identify companies into three categories: delayed development, single-wheel-driven, and coordinated development. Finally, from a dynamic perspective considering the time factor, companies are further subdivided into five types: continual leading, growth catch-up, slow progress, fluctuating change, and retrogressive inertia. This study not only provides targeted recommendations for different types of ESG companies but also helps various sectors of society better understand the ESG conditions of this high environmental risk industry, thereby enhancing the regulation and support for its sustainable development.

Constructing a Competency Training Index System in Public Health Emergencies for Community Nurses.

OBJECTIVE: A competency training index system was designed in public health emergencies for community nurses. The purpose of this approach is to provide community nurses with guidelines for standardized training programs on how to respond to public health emergencies. METHODS: Through semi-structured interviews, a literature review, and team discussion, the first draft of competency training index system in public health emergencies for community nurses was formed. The Delphi method was used for two rounds of expert consultation to screen, modify and determine indicators. Finally, the analytic hierarchy process was utilized to calculate the weights of indicators at all levels. RESULTS: A total of 15 expert consultants were included. The effective recovery rate of the two rounds of expert consultation questionnaire was 100%, the expert authority coefficient was 0.880, 0.887, and the Kendall coordination coefficient was 0.172 and 0.171 (p < 0.001). Expert opinions have determined that the final revised competency index system in public health emergencies for community nurses training consists of 2 primary indicators, 10 secondary indicators, and 46 tertiary indicators. CONCLUSION: The study has developed a competency training index system in public health emergencies for community nurses. This system can serve as a foundation for standardized training in community health service institutions. It is characterized by its high demand, scientific approach, reliability, and rationality.

Construction of sensitive quality indicators for rapid rehabilitation care of patients after combined pancreaticoduodenectomy.

AIM: To construct evidence-based sensitive quality indicators for patients' rapid rehabilitation care after combined pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and to provide a reference for clinical nursing professionals to scientifically evaluate the quality of patients' rehabilitation post-PD. BACKGROUND: Since PD is associated with higher surgical risk and anastomotic complications, it leads to higher complication rates and longer postoperative recovery cycles. This reiterates the need for rapid recovery of patients after PD; however, the evaluation of sensitive nursing care indicators regarding rapid recovery post-PD has not yet been established to date. METHODS: Based on the Donabedian structure-process-result theory model, we used available literature, semi-structured interviews, the Delphi method, and hierarchical analysis to establish a sensitive indicator system for patients' rapid rehabilitation after PD and evaluate the importance of such indicators. RESULTS: There were two rounds of expert correspondence, and the effective recovery rate of the questionnaires of these rounds was 100%. The expert authority coefficients, as well as the Kendall coordination coefficients of the expert opinions, were 0.859 and 0.872 as well as 0.423 and 0.431, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05), respectively. Consequently, we developed a sensitive quality index system for patients' rapid rehabilitation care after combined PD, including 3 first-level, 12 s-level, and 23 third-level indexes, respectively. CONCLUSION: The constructed sensitive quality index system developed for patients' rapid rehabilitation nursing care after combined PD is standardized, practical, and aligned with the specialty characteristics. Furthermore, this might help greatly in improving the quality and safety of patients' rapid rehabilitation nursing care after combined PD, standardizing nursing management skills, and enhancing nursing quality.

Establishing a river health evaluation index system for seven rivers in Jiamusi City of China.

The Jiamusi section of the Songhua River is one of the first 17 model river construction sections in China. The implementation of river health assessments can determine the health dynamics of rivers and test the management's effectiveness. Targeting seven rivers, this study conducted river zoning and monitoring point deployment to conduct sufficient field research and monitoring. The authors selected hydrological and water resources, physical structure, water quality, aquatic life, social service functions, and management as guideline layers and 15 indicator layers. Subsequently, the authors established an evaluation index system to evaluate and analyze the ecological status and social service status of each river. The results showed that the Yindamu, Alingda, and Gejie rivers scored well as healthy rivers, with health evaluation scores of 78.98, 76.06, and 75.83, respectively. The Wangsanwu, Lujiagang, and Lingdangmai rivers are generally sub-healthy rivers with scores of 71.55, 67.97, and 60.7, respectively. The Yinggetu River has a score of 54.52 and is therefore assessed as unhealthy. Based on the scientific evaluation index method, this study analyses the current river health state in Jiamusi City to provide the basis for the evaluation of the river chief's work and future river management.

[Establishment and content validity assessment of evaluation index system for development value of traditional Chinese medicine preparations in medical institutions].

The development of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) preparations as an incubator for new drugs in medical institutions has flourished, while an evaluation index system remains to be established for comprehensively assessing the development value of these prescriptions. This study established an item pool through literature research, employed the Delphi method to determine the content of evaluation indexes, and adopted the superiority chart to determine the weight of each index. Two-level evaluation index system for the development value of TCM preparations in medical institutions was established, which included 7 first-level items and 36 se-cond-level items, demonstrating scientific validity. The first-level items(weight) were inheritance(10.61%), effectiveness(23.22%), safety(22.71%), innovation(13.21%), economy(10.00%), suitability(8.57%), and accessibility(11.68%). The top three second-level items in terms of weight distribution were adverse reaction monitoring(6.73%), evidence of therapeutic effect(5.71%), and clinical response rate(4.75%). The bottom three second-level items were production advantages(0.86%), medicinal dosage(0.48%), and medicinal smell or taste(0.18%). The content validity of the established system was assessed, which revealed that the index system was reliable, with the overall and average content validity indexes of 0.47 and 0.90, respectively. Furthermore, the established evaluation index system was used to evaluate six TCM preparations in a city-level hospital of TCM in Sichuan Province, which demonstrated that the system had operability. The results indicate that the evaluation index system is scientific, reliable, and operable, providing a reference for developers to selectively develop TCM preparations in medical institutions. In practical application, the system can be adjusted regarding the index weights according to actual conditions.

[Application of Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process to construct the evaluation index system of healthy enterprises].

Objective: Explore the application of Delphi method and analytic hierarchy process to explore the construction of scientific, objective and comprehensive evaluation index system for healthy enterprise construction and promote the construction of healthy enterprises. Methods: In October 2022, through Delphi expert consultation and analytic hierarchy process, the indexes were screened and the weights of the indexes were determined, and the evaluation index system of healthy enterprises was established. Results: The positive coefficients of experts in the two rounds were all 100.00%, the authority coefficient of experts was 0.82, the coefficients of variation of the indexes in the two rounds were all less than 0.30. The coordination coefficients of experts in the first and second rounds were 0.64 and 0.77, respectively (P<0.001) . After two rounds of Delphi method expert consultation, a healthy enterprise evaluation index system including 4 first-level indexes, 14 second-level indexes, and 63 third-level indexes was constructed. Conclusion: The constructed health enterprise evaluation index system is highly scientific and reliable, covering the main factors of healthy enterprise construction, and providing a reliable and quantifiable basis and self-assessment basis for the establishment of healthy enterprises.

Developing an evaluation indicators of health literacy for cervical cancer among Chinese women: a modified Delphi method study.

BACKGROUND: Increasing women's health literacy is the key to preventing cervical cancer, and various tools have been developed to assess women's cancer health literacy. However, many of these tools come from other countries and have not been adapted to Chinese requirements. Furthermore, a system for evaluating cervical cancer health literacy among Chinese women has not been developed. Therefore, we sought to establish an evaluation index system for cervical cancer health literacy among Chinese women and to provide an effective evaluation tool for tertiary prevention of cervical cancer in China. METHODS: We invited 20 recognized experts to participate in two rounds of Delphi expert consultation, and the modified Delphi process with percentage weighting and multiplication was used. A literature review identified 67 potential indicators. Subsequent discussions within our research team led to the retention of 48 indicators following a rigorous screening process. On this basis, two rounds of Delphi expert consultation were conducted to rate and screen the indexes. Percentage weighting and multiplication were used to determine index weights. RESULTS: Twenty experts participated in the first-round Delphi consultations (95.23% recovery rate). In the second-round Delphi consultations, 20 questionnaires were returned (100%), and the expert authority coefficient was 0.93 ± 0.02. After both rounds of Delphi consultation, 4 first-level indicators, 9 second-level indicators, and 32 third-level indicators were identified for cervical cancer literacy among Chinese women. On a five-point scale, importance ratings ranged from 3.76 to 4.95 points, with variation coefficients ranging from 0.06 to 0.25, while sensitivity ratings ranged from 3.71 to 4.83 points, with variation coefficients ranging from 0.08 to 0.24. Across both rounds, Kendall's W coefficients ranged from 0.168 to 0.248. The weights of first-level indicators of basic knowledge and attitudes about cervical cancer, primary prevention of cervical cancer literacy, secondary prevention of cervical cancer literacy, and tertiary prevention of cervical cancer literacy were 0.257, 0.249, 0.251, and 0.243, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We have developed the first tertiary prevention-based, comprehensive evaluation index system for cervical cancer literacy among Chinese women, which will provide theoretical support for cervical cancer prevention and health education programs.

Frequency and severity of malocclusions in patients with statutory health insurance in a German orthodontic practice in North Rhine Westphalia - a multi-part cross-sectional study over a 20-year period.

OBJECTIVE: Since 2002, patients with statutory health insurance in Germany must undergo an assessment of orthodontic treatment need using the "Kieferorthopädische Indikationsguppen" (KIG; orthodontic indication groups) classification system. According to this system, tooth and jaw misalignment are divided into 11 subgroups and five grades. The objectives of this study were to determine the distribution of KIG classifications in patients with statutory insurance of a German orthodontic practice (North Rhine, Germany) and to analyze changes over a 20-year period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Since the introduction of the KIG index in 2002, 4940 statutorily insured patients over a 20-year period (2330 m, 2610 f, min 3.2, max 49.5 years, peak between 10 and 12 years) were classified at their first appointment. According to the valid guidelines of the statutory health insurance (GKV), the division was made into the highest possible KIG classification. Multiple entries were thus not made. In accordance with the operating cycles of the practice, the progression was divided into four 5-year periods. RESULTS: Over a 20-year period, 24.98% of the patients were assigned to the classification "D". 86.52% of the patients were among the 6 most frequently ("D", "E", "K", "S", "P" and "M", > 10% each) and only 13.49% among the 5 least frequently recorded classifications ("U", "B", "T", "O" and "A", < 5% each). CONCLUSION: The distribution of the 6 most frequent and the 5 least frequent KIG classifications was constant over a 20-year-period. Among all possible tooth and jaw misalignment variants, the sagittal classifications "D" and "M" represent the most frequent malocclusions. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The results and their comparison with historical data show that both frequency and severity of tooth and jaw misalignment with orthodontic treatment need appear identical for patients with statutory health insurance over a 20-year period.

Improved method for benthic ecosystem health assessment by integrating chemical indexes into multiple biological indicator species-A case study of the Baiyangdian Lake, China.

A comprehensive and scientific assessment of benthic ecosystem health is key to the rational selection of endogenous pollution reduction technologies for lakes. However, current assessments are mainly limited to biological indicators and ignore the actual benthic ecosystem situations, such as the impact of eutrophication and heavy metal pollution, which may lead to the one-sidedness of the evaluation results. In this study, taking Baiyangdian Lake, the largest shallow mesotrophic-eutrophic lake in the North China Plain, as an example, the chemical assessment index and biological integrity index were first combined to estimate the biological conditions, nutritional status and heavy metal pollution of lakes. The indicator system incorporated three biological assessments (benthic index of biotic integrity (B-IBI), submerged aquatic vegetation index of biological integrity (SAV-IBI) and microbial index of biological integrity (M-IBI)) and three chemical assessments (dissolved oxygen (DO), comprehensive trophic level index (TLI) and index of geoaccumulation (Igeo)). Twenty-three attributes of B-IBI, fourteen attributes of SAV-IBI and twelve attributes of M-IBI were screened by range, responsiveness, and redundancy tests to keep the core metrics that were significantly correlated with disturbance gradients or showed strong discriminatory power between reference and impaired sites. The assessment results of B-IBI, SAV-IBI, and M-IBI showed significant differences in the response to anthropogenic activities and seasonal change, among which the submerged plants showed more significant seasonal differences. It is difficult to reach a comprehensive conclusion regarding the benthic ecosystem health status based on a single biological community. In comparison with biological indicators, the score of chemical indicators is relatively low. DO, TLI and Igeo provide an essential supplement for the benthic ecosystem health assessment of lakes with eutrophication and heavy metal pollution problems. Using the new integrated assessment method, the benthic ecosystem health of Baiyangdian Lake was rated as fair, especially the northern parts of the lake adjacent to the inflow mouth of the Fu River, which were in poor condition, indicating that the lake has experienced anthropogenic disturbance, resulting in eutrophication, heavy metal pollution and biological community degradation. Whether it's spring or summer, the integrated assessment method provides a more plausible and comprehensive view of benthic ecosystem health under the pressure of increasing human activities and changing habitat and hydrological conditions, overcoming the narrow perspective and uncertainties of the single-index method. Thus, it can assist lake managers in providing technical support for ecological indication and restoration.

Development of billing post competency evaluation index system for nurses in China: a Delphi study.

AIM: This study developed a set of competency evaluation indicators for billing nurses in China. BACKGROUND: In clinical practice, nurses often take up billing responsibilities that are accompanied by certain risks. However, the competency evaluation index system for billing nurses has not been established in China. METHODS: This study consisted of two main phases of research design: the first phase included a literature review and semi-structured interviews. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 12 nurses in billing departments and 15 nurse managers in related departments. Concepts distilled from the literature review were linked to the results of the semi-structured interviews; this phase produced the first draft of indicators for assessing the professional competence of nurses in billing departments. In the second phase, two rounds of correspondence were conducted with 20 Chinese nursing experts using the Delphi method to test and evaluate the content of the index. The consensus was defined in advance as a mean score of 4.0 or above, with at least 75% agreement among participants. In this way, the final indicator framework was determined. RESULTS: Using the iceberg model as a theoretical foundation, the literature review identified four main dimensions and associated themes. The semi-structured interviews confirmed all of the themes from the literature review while generating new themes, both of which were incorporated into the first draft of the index. Then two rounds of the Delphi survey were conducted. The positive coefficients of experts in the two rounds were 100% and 95%, respectively, while the authority coefficients were 0.963 and 0.961, respectively. The coefficients of variation were 0.00-0.33 and 0.05-0.24, respectively. The competency evaluation index system for billing nurses consisted of 4 first-level indicators, 16 s-level indicators, and 53 third-level indicators. CONCLUSION: The competency evaluation index system for billing nurses, which was developed on the basis of the iceberg model, was scientific and applicable. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: The competency assessment index system for billing nurses may provide an effective practical framework for nursing administration to evaluate, train, and assess the competency of billing nurses.

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OBJECTIVES: To construct a quantitative index system with the integrated medical and nursing care assessment for the elderly service needs, this system can assess the cost of medical and care services accurately and objectively, so as to provide scientific basis for the allocation of old-age service resources in China. METHODS: Based on the survival needs of the Existence, Relation and Growth theory, an index system is constructed through literature analysis, group discussion, and expert correspondence. Analytic hierarchy process was used to determine the weights of indicators at all levels. The 3-grades service items corresponding to each index were quantified through the measurement of working hours, and the medical and nursing care needs of 624 disabled/demented elderly people over 60 years old in Changsha were investigated to evaluate their reliability and validity. RESULTS: The authoritative coefficients of the 2 rounds of expert correspondence were 88.5% and 88.6%, respectively, and the opinion coordination coefficients were 0.159 and 0.167, respectively. The final quantitative evaluation index system included 4 first-level indicators, 17 second-level indicators, and 105 third-level indicators. The service time of doctor ranged from 6.01 to 22.64 min, the service time of nurses ranged from 0.77 to 24.79 min, and the service time of caregiver ranged from 0.12 to 51.88 min. The Cronbach's αcoefficient was 0.73, the split-half reliability was 0.74, the content validity was 0.93, and the calibration validity was 0.781. CONCLUSIONS: The quantitative evaluation index system of medical and nursing service need for the elderly can be used to accurately evaluate the medical and nursing service need.

Method of Changing Running Direction of Cheetah-Inspired Quadruped Robot.

The rapid change of motion direction during running is beneficial to improving the movement flexibility of the quadruped robot, which is of great relevance to its research. How to make the robot change its motion direction during running and achieve good dynamic stability is a problem to be solved. In this paper, a method to change the running direction of the cheetah-inspired quadruped robot is proposed. Based on the analysis of the running of the cheetah, a dynamic model of the quadruped robot is established, and a two-level stability index system, including a minimum index system and a range index system, is proposed. On this basis, the objective function based on the stability index system and optimization variables, including leg landing points, trunk movement trajectory, and posture change rule, are determined. Through these constraints, the direction changes with good dynamic stability of the cheetah-inspired quadruped robot during running is realized by controlling the leg parameters. The robot will not roll over during high-speed movement. Finally, the correctness of the proposed method is proven by simulation. This paper provides a theoretical basis for the quadruped robot's rapid change of direction in running.

Security Risk Intelligent Assessment of Power Distribution Internet of Things via Entropy-Weight Method and Cloud Model.

The current power distribution Internet of Things (PDIoT) lacks security protection terminals and techniques. Network security has a large exposure surface that can be attacked from multiple paths. In addition, there are many network security vulnerabilities and weak security protection capabilities of power distribution Internet of Things terminals. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct a scientific assessment of the security of PDIoT. However, traditional security assessment methods are relatively subjective and ambiguous. To address the problems, we propose to use the entropy-weight method and cloud model theory to assess the security risk of the PDIoT. We first analyze the factors of security risks in PDIoT systems and establish a three-layer PDIoT security evaluation index system, including a perception layer, network layer, and application layer. The index system has three first-level indicators and sixteen second-level indicators. Then, the entropy-weight method is used to optimize the weight of each index. Additionally, the cloud model theory is employed to calculate the affiliation degree and eigenvalue of each evaluation index. Based on a comprehensive analysis of all evaluation indexes, we can achieve the security level of PDIoT. Taking the PDIoT of Meizhou Power Supply Bureau of Guangdong Power Grid as an example for empirical testing, the experimental results show that the evaluation results are consistent with the actual situation, which proves that the proposed method is effective and feasible.

A procedure for comparing the ecological status and transformation measures in an anthropized coastal area.

The overall vitality and quality of the coastline can be improved through ecological transformation; ecological status assessment can scientifically guide this modification by putting forward a transformation plan for the coastline. This study took the Shenzhen Bay area between Hong Kong and Shenzhen as the study area to build an index system and combined it with quantitative and qualitative methods by designing the code of data processing, calculation, and analysis through the MATLAB platform, with the goal being to put forward the directions and suggestions for coastline transformation based on the analysis of results. The results and conclusions are as follows: (1) The key aspects of the ecological transformation of the Shenzhen Bay Coastline are water quality, coastal wetland restoration, landscape diversity, beach stability, and infrastructure improvement. (2) Actions to promote these aspects include overall shoreline control of water pollution, cultural landscape implantations, the improvement of existing infrastructure, and the restoration of selected beach sand regions, mangrove wetlands, and eroded shorelines. Suggestion includes the critical support which comes from the public needs for information acquisition and science education, in addition with the policy and management, all should be formulated into the transformation plan. The index system can be applied to other regions at home and abroad, and the results and conclusions based on the index system could also provide criteria for planning the ecological transformation process.

Comprehensive assessment of water environmental carrying capacity for sustainable watershed development.

Due to insufficient understanding of human-water interaction, many water-related problems arise in watersheds, posing severe threats to the sustainability of watershed development. Although water environmental carrying capacity (WECC) is a powerful tool to support sustainable development of watersheds, few studies considered aquatic ecological factors and uncertainty in indicator values, leading to losses of sample information in the evaluation of WECC. This paper developed a systematic framework for comprehensive WECC assessment that included the indicator system and a novel variable fuzzy pattern recognition (VFPR) approach. The WECC index system incorporated aquatic ecological factors, and addressed uncertainties associated with the indicator values. The proposed VFPR-based assessment model could realize successive evaluation to retain more original information of the sample and distinguish similar result values by treating the sample as having a continuous degree of membership instead of the traditional point form. In addition, it could be more adaptable to various circumstances including extreme cases, and closely reflect the impacts of indicator changes on the results. The established evaluation framework has been applied to Dongjiang River Basin in Guangdong Province. The spatial differences and main influencing factors of WECC in the study area were analyzed. Results show that 50% and 16.7% of the sub-regions in the study area would be subject to a poor level of WECC under pessimistic and optimistic circumstances, respectively. WECCs in the upper and lower reaches are the best and worst, respectively, which is in line with the levels of economic development in the Dongjiang River Basin. The proposed method can also be applicable to many other problems involving numerous indicators.

Health Assessment for Mountainous Rivers Based on Dominant Functions in the Huaijiu River, Beijing, China.

Dominant functions usually vary greatly in different reaches of mountainous rivers and are influenced by different adjacent land uses. Assessing river health based on dominant functions is of great practical value to river management. To reveal the health status of different reaches in Beijing's northern mountainous rivers, 60 investigated plots (river length 38.1 km) were surveyed in 2016 in the Huaijiu River, which is a typical mountainous river in northern Beijing, and a hierarchy-comprehensive analysis method was employed. Based on the degree of human influences, the Huaijiu River could be classified into six types, including natural reaches, near-natural reaches, artificial bank plant reaches, artificial bank ornamental plant reaches, artificial bank sparse plant dry-stone reaches and artificial bank masonry reaches. The river health assessment index system was established based on flood control, landscape, hydrology and water quality, and ecological functions. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to determine the weights of the function layer and indicator layer. The assessment results showed that healthy, subhealthy, slightly damaged, damaged and severely damaged plots accounted for 20.0%, 26.7%, 26.7%, 15.0% and 11.6% of the total plots, respectively. In summary, all plots in natural reaches, artificial bank plant reaches and artificial bank ornamental plant reaches were either healthy, subhealthy or slightly damaged. Plots in artificial bank masonry reaches were either subhealthy, slightly damaged, damaged or severely damaged, accounting for 9.1%, 27.3%, 27.3% and 36.4% of the total plots, respectively. The study proposed a method to assess mountainous river health based on dominant functions, which is a multiobjective approach and is not based solely on natural river functions. The assessment method is appropriate for the socioeconomic development and management of river basins.

Construction of an index system of core competence assessment for infectious disease specialist nurse in China: a Delphi study.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: This study was to establish an index system for the evaluation of Chinese infectious disease specialist nurses' core competence. BACKGROUND: The index system for the evaluation of infectious disease specialist nurses' core competence has not been established. DESIGN: A two-round Delphi survey was conducted to seek opinions from experts about the index system for the evaluation of infectious disease specialist nurses' core competence. METHODS: The study adopted several research methods, including literature retrieval, theoretical analysis and qualitative research. Based on the above method, the draft of core competence evaluation index system of infectious disease specialist nurses was constructed. A Delphi survey was used for the study of 30 infectious disease experts from 8 provinces and cities around China. A modified recommendation for the Conducting and Reporting of Delphi studies (CREDES) was also used to guide this study. A STROBE checklist was used. RESULTS: The Core Competence Evaluation Index System of Infectious Disease Nurses is composed of 6 primary indicators, namely, Nursing Abilities for Infectious Diseases, Infection Prevention and Control Abilities, Responsiveness to Infectious Diseases, Professional Development Abilities, Communication and Management Abilities, and Professionalism and Humanistic Accomplishment, 16 secondary indicators and 47 tertiary indicators. The authority coefficient, judgment coefficient and familiarity degree of Delphi experts were 0.923, 0.933 and 0.913 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The evaluation index system of core competence of diseases specialist nurses is scientific and reliable. It can be reference for future training and assessment of Chinese infectious disease specialist nurses. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Infectious disease specialist nurses are the main force for infectious disease nursing. Their core competence is related to the quality of infectious disease nursing and treatment. The core competence of the nurses is important for identification of training strategies and can be regarded as reference for nurse assessment and promotion. The construction of the index system is based on the consensus of infectious disease experts, which is not only helpful to standardize the training strategies and selection standards of infectious disease specialist nurses in the future, but also meet the society's needs in clinical infectious disease nursing.