Comparative clinical performance of two types of drug-eluting stents with abluminal biodegradable polymer coating: Five-year results of the DESTINY randomized trial.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The Stents Coated With the Biodegradable Polymer on Their Abluminal Faces and Elution of Sirolimus Versus Biolimus Elution for the Treatment of de Novo Coronary Lesions - DESTINY Trial is a non-inferiority randomized study that compared the Inspiron™ sirolimus-eluting stent (SES) with the control Biomatrix™ Flex biolimus-eluting stent (BES). Previous reports in the first year showed similar outcomes for both stents, in clinical, angiographic, optical coherence tomography, and intravascular ultrasound assessments. The present analysis aims to compare the clinical performance of these two biodegradable polymer drug-eluting stents five years after the index procedure. METHODS: A total of 170 patients (194 lesions) were randomized in a 2:1 ratio for treatment with SES or BES, respectively. The primary endpoint for the present study was the five-year rate of combined major adverse cardiac events, defined as cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or target lesion revascularization. RESULTS: At five years, the primary endpoint occurred in 12.5% and 17.9% of the SES and BES groups, respectively (p=0.4). There was no definite or probable stent thrombosis among patients treated with the novel SES stent during the five years of follow-up, and no stent thrombosis after the first year in the BES group. CONCLUSIONS: The novel Inspiron™ stent had similar good clinical performance in long-term follow-up when compared head-to-head with the control latest-generation Biomatrix™ Flex biolimus-eluting stent.

[Articular and cutaneous nerve block at elbow: two cases report]. / Bloqueio do nervo articular e cutâneo no cotovelo: relato de dois casos.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In patients with elbow fractures, when there is suspected injury to underlying nerves, it is imperative for surgeons to elicit the function in the immediate postoperative period. Brachial plexus blocks like interscalene, supraclavicular and infraclavicular approaches can be a hurdle in such situations. The block planned should allow assessment of integrity of the nerves immediately in the postoperative period. CASE REPORT: We describe two cases in which we administered a block not yet described in literature. We blocked the cutaneous and articular branches innervating the elbow under ultrasound guidance. General anesthesia was administered in both cases. The block provided stable intraoperative hemodynamics, good postoperative analgesia and also allowed surgeons to test the viability of the nerve. CONCLUSION: In situations where nerves are injured during elbow fractures, selective articular cutaneous block at elbow can be used as it provides good perioperative analgesia, besides allowing evaluation of motor and sensory components in the postoperative period.

[The supine coronal midaxillary approach to anterior quadratus lumborum block: case report]. / Abordagem supina axilar média coronal para realização de bloqueio do quadrado lombar anterior: relato de casos.

BACKGROUND: There are various approaches to perform an ultrasound guided Quadratus Lumborum Block (QLB). The lateral, posterior, anterior or trans muscular and subcostal paramedian are the various approaches described for performing a QLB. Each of these blocks are aimed to achieve a maximum spread with high volume and low concentration of local anesthetics. CASE REPORT: In this novel approach a curvilinear ultrasound probe was used with the patient lying in supine position. The probe was placed longitudinally in the mid axillary line to visualize Quadratus Lumborum Muscle (QLM) in the coronal plane. The needle was then introduced from cranial to caudal direction and catheters were inserted in the Anterior Thoracolumbar Fascia (ATLF) up to a distance of 4-5 cm in 24 patients for an anterior approach to acetabulum fractures. The needle tip and the Local Anesthetic (LA) spread was visible in all patients. All patients except 4 had excellent perioperative pain relief considering stable hemodynamics and VAS 2-3/10 for the first 48 hours. All patients received 1g intravenous paracetamol each 8hours. VAS in postoperative period was 2-3/10, in 20/24 patients. In the postoperative period, 4 patients complained of persistent pain, requiring intravenous fentanyl boluses and multimodal analgesia. Mean VAS score was 2.87 from 0-12 hours, 3.14 from 12-24 hours, and 3.35 from 24-48 hours. There were no block-related complications in any patient. CONCLUSION: The supine midaxillary coronal approach to anterior QLB is an effective and feasible approach to QLB which can be performed in supine position.

[Focused cardiac ultrasound in anesthetic practice: technique and indications]. / Ultrassom cardíaco focado na prática anestésica: técnica e indicações.

The use of ultrasonography is well established in several anesthesia sub-specialties. Recently, there has been a major expansion of the POC (Point-Of-Care) ultrasound technique in intensive care, surgery, and emergency medicine, corroborating that USPOC in perioperative medicine has a much more comprehensive capability for both providing improved hemodynamic monitoring and early diagnosis of complications. The objective of the present article was to describe the use of a USPOC modality (focused cardiac US) that can be used for bedside assessment of unstable patients. Within a specific list of diagnoses, clinical treatment for a given situation can be tailored according to ultrasound findings, and by using binary and simple questions. Perioperative focused cardiac US use by the anesthesiologist has been related to lower rates of complications and mortality in high-risk patients.

Thermal analysis of the muscle-bone interface in test samples after the use of therapeutic ultrasound / Análise térmica da interface músculo-osso em corpos de prova após utilização de ultrassom terapêutico

Abstract Introduction Ultrasound used in diathermic therapies aims to achieve temperatures between 40 and 45 °C, since temperatures above 45 °C are known to cause tissue necrosis and burns. Many studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of therapeutic ultrasound in the presence of metallic implants, using phantoms (test samples) and in vivo and ex vivo animal models. In most of these studies, the ultrasound probe is fixed in one area, while in clinical practice, it is recommended that it be moved to avoid possible local overheating. Objective To analyze the thermal field at the muscle-bone interface in phantoms in the presence or absence of metallic implants after the application of therapeutic ultrasound. Methods Phantoms composed of layers simulating fat and muscle, and a layer of beef rib bone, with and without a titanium metallic implant, were prepared. The experiment involved different intensities (1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 W/cm2) and exposure times (5 and 10 minutes), common in clinics, with linear scanning of the probe. Results The experiments indicated that the muscle/implant interface heated less than the muscle/bone interface, especially at intensities of 1.5 and 2.0 W/cm2, after 5 and 10 minutes of treatment. Conclusion The results suggest the possibility of using therapeutic ultrasound in patients with metallic implants, encouraging future research to develop evidence-based protocols and safe recommendations in physiotherapy.

Resumo Introdução O ultrassom utilizado em terapias diatérmicas visa atingir temperaturas entre 40 e 45 °C, sabendo-se que temperaturas acima de 45 °C podem causar necrose tecidual e queimaduras. Muitas pesquisas têm sido realizadas para estudar o efeito do ultrassom terapêutico na presença de implantes metálicos, utilizando phantoms (corpos de prova) e animais in vivo e ex vivo. Na maioria dessas pesquisas, o cabeçote ultrassônico está fixo em uma área, enquanto que na prática clínica recomenda-se que ele seja movimentado para evitar eventuais sobreaquecimentos locais. Objetivo Analisar o campo térmico na interface músculo-osso em phantoms na presença ou ausência de implantes metálicos após a aplicação do ultrassom terapêutico. Métodos Foram elaborados phantoms compostos de camadas simuladoras de gordura e músculo e de uma camada de osso de costela bovina, sendo esta com e sem implante metálico de titânio. O experimento envolveu diferentes intensidades (1.0, 1.5 e 2.0 W/cm2) e tempos de exposição (5 e 10 minutos) comuns em clínica, com varredura linear do cabeçote. Resultados Os experimentos indicaram que a interface músculo/implante aqueceu menos do que a interface músculo/osso, especialmente nas intensidades de 1.5 e 2.0 W/cm2, após 5 e 10 minutos de tratamento. Conclusão Os resultados obtidos apontam para a possibilidade de utilização do ultrassom terapêutico em pacientes com implantes metálicos, incentivando pesquisas futuras para desenvolver protocolos baseados em evidências e recomendações seguras na fisioterapia.

Execução do ultrassom à beira leito no paciente crítico: protocolo de revisão de escopo / Bedside ultra sound execution for critical patient: scope review protocol

OBJETIVO: Descrever as evidências científicas acerca do ultrassom à beira do leito, executado pelos profissionais de saúde em ambiente crítico. MÉTODO: Revisão de escopo pautado nas normas e termos metodológicos do Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), norteada pela pergunta "Como está descrito na literatura o uso do Point-of-Care Ultrasound - POCUS / ultrassom à beira do leito pelos profissionais de saúde na assistência direta ao paciente crítico?". A busca envolve nove bases de dados e na literatura cinzenta. A seleção de evidências se apresenta em três etapas, e para o gerenciamento das referências dos estudos se utiliza o software Mendeley. A avaliação dos estudos está sustentada nos critérios preestabelecidos de inclusão, e foi realizada por três revisores, sendo dois de modo independente e um terceiro para a preciação das divergências. Os dados extraídos têm apresentação descritiva e sintética dos resultados.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the scientific evidence about bedside ultrasound health professionals performing in a critical environment. METHOD: Scope review based on Joanna Briggs Institute methodological terms and standards, guided by the question "How is the use of Point-of-Care Ultrasound - POCUS / ultrasound at the bedside described in the literature by health professionals in direct care to critical patients?". The search involves nine data bases and in the gray literature. The selection of evidence is in three stages, and the Mendeley software is used to manage study references. The study evaluation is based on the pre-established inclusion criteria and was carried out by three reviewers, two independently and a third, to assess differences. The extracted data has a descriptive and synthetic presentation of the results.

Avaliação das alterações anatômicas da bifurcação da artéria braquial através do eco-Doppler vascular: um estudo transversal / Assessment of anatomic variations of the brachial artery bifurcation using vascular Doppler ultrasound: a cross-sectional study

Resumo Contexto Variações anatômicas em artérias do membro superior, como a presença da artéria braquial acessória, são comuns e amplamente descritas na literatura, principalmente por estudos em cadáveres. No entanto, atualmente, é possível realizar o diagnóstico através do eco-Doppler vascular. Objetivos Identificar a incidência da artéria braquial acessória pelo eco-Doppler e comparar os achados com estudos cadavéricos. Métodos Tratou-se de um estudo prospectivo em 500 membros superiores de 250 voluntários avaliados pelo eco-Doppler com o aparelho portátil de ultrassom Sonosite Titan. Resultados Dos participantes do nosso estudo, 15,6% apresentaram a variação anatômica da artéria braquial acessória. A porcentagem está dentro da média encontrada em estudos cadavéricos, que varia de 0,2 até 22%. Ter conhecimento dessa variação é fundamental em procedimentos como punção venosa periférica, fístula arteriovenosa, cateterismo, retalhos de antebraço, cirurgias de emergência no membro superior e até mesmo correção de fraturas por gesso. Conclusões A artéria braquial acessória é uma variante frequente no membro superior. O percentual de indivíduos com a artéria braquial acessória em nosso estudo foi de 15,6% e coincide com os dados da literatura de estudos cadavéricos.

Abstract Background Anatomical variations in arteries of the upper limb, such as presence of an accessory brachial artery, are common and widely described in the literature, mainly in cadaveric studies, but it is now possible to diagnose them using vascular Doppler ultrasound. Objectives To identify the incidence of accessory brachial artery using vascular Doppler ultrasound and compare the findings with cadaveric studies. Methods This was a prospective study that examined 500 upper limbs of 250 volunteers assessed with vascular Doppler ultrasound using the Sonosite Titan portable ultrasound machine. Results 15.6% of the participants in our study had the accessory brachial artery anatomical variation. Our percentage is in line with the average rates found in cadaveric studies, which ranged from 0.2% to 22%. Being aware of this variation is fundamental in procedures such as peripheral venipuncture, arteriovenous fistula creation, catheterization, forearm flaps, emergency surgeries on the limb and even correction of fractures by cast. Conclusions The accessory brachial artery is a frequent variant in the upper limb. The percentage of individuals with an accessory brachial artery in our study was 15.6%, which agrees with data from the literature on cadaveric studies.

Artéria ulnar superficial diagnosticada por ultrassom vascular: relato de caso / Superficial ulnar artery diagnosed by vascular ultrasound: case report

Resumo O maior ramo da divisão terminal da artéria braquial é a artéria ulnar, que se origina após a fossa cubital. Essa artéria usualmente tem trajeto profundo aos músculos do antebraço anterior e é responsável pela vascularização da musculatura superficial e profunda da região ulnar do antebraço e hipotênar da mão, sendo a principal responsável pela formação do arco palmar superficial após o retináculo dos flexores. Reportamos uma variação anatômica após diagnóstico com ultrassom vascular na qual a artéria ulnar situava-se em posição superficial no antebraço. A ocorrência da artéria ulnar superficial é rara, porém de grande importância para clínicos, cirurgiões e profissionais de enfermagem.

Abstract The largest branch of the terminal division of the brachial artery is the ulnar artery, which arises after the cubital fossa. This artery usually has a deep path in the muscles of the anterior forearm and is responsible for vascularization of the superficial and deep musculature on the ulnar side of the forearm and hypothenar area of the hand. We report an anatomical variant diagnosed by Doppler ultrasound in which the ulnar artery had a superficial position in the forearm. Occurrence of a superficial ulnar artery is rare, but it is an important fact for clinicians, surgeons, and nursing professionals.

Análise ultrassonográfica da distância do osso hioide em indivíduos com disfagia orofaríngea neurogênica / Ultrasonographic analysis of the hyoid bone distance in individuals with neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia

RESUMO Comparar a medida ultrassonográfica de distância da aproximação do osso hioide no momento do pico máximo da deglutição entre indivíduos saudáveis e disfágicos neurogênicos e verificar o efeito das consistências do alimento no deslocamento do osso hioide. Estudo clínico prospectivo controlado. Foram realizadas avaliações ultrassonográficas da deglutição orofaríngea em 10 adultos com diagnóstico de disfagia orofaríngea e 10 adultos saudáveis, pareados por sexo e faixa etária. Para tanto, foi utilizado ultrassom portátil com transdutor microconvex 5-10 MHz, além de estabilizador de cabeça. As imagens ultrassonográficas foram gravadas pelo software Articulate Assistant Advanced a uma taxa de 120 quadros/segundo. Foram utilizadas as consistências de alimentos nível 0 (volume livre e 5 mL) e nível 4 (5 mL), conforme as recomendações do International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative. A distância foi mensurada no momento do pico máximo da deglutição entre a parte inferior do osso hioide e a inserção do músculo milo-hioideo. Cálculos de média e o desvio padrão foram utilizados na análise descritiva, enquanto o teste ANOVA de medidas repetidas foi aplicado na análise inferencial.Resultados evidenciaram que indivíduos disfágicos apresentaram menor elevação do osso hioide, marcada por maior distância da aproximação do osso hioide no momento do pico máximo da deglutição quando comparados aos indivíduos saudáveis, independentemente da consistência alimentar ofertada. Concluiu-se que a medida ultrassonográfica de distância da aproximação do osso hioide no momento do pico máximo da deglutição mostrou menor elevação laríngea em indivíduos com disfagia orofaríngea neurogênica quando comparados aos indivíduos saudáveis para todas as consistências alimentares ofertadas.

ABSTRACT To compare the ultrasound measurement of distance from the approximation of the hyoid bone during of the maximum deglutition peak between healthy individuals and neurogenic dysphagic individuals and to verify the effect of food consistencies on the displacement of the hyoid bone. Prospective, controlled clinical study. Ultrasound recordings of the oropharyngeal deglutition were conducted in 10 adults diagnosed with oropharyngeal dysphagia and in 10 healthy adults, matched by sex and age group. A portable ultrasound model Micro ultrasound system with a microconvex transducer 5-10 MHz, coupled to a computer as well as the head stabilizer were used. The ultrasound images were recorded using the AAA software (Articulate Assistant Advanced) at a rate of 120 frames/second. Food consistencies level 0 (free volume and 5 mL) and level 4 (5 mL) were used, based on the International Dysphagia Diet Standardisation Initiative (IDSSI). The calculation of the mean and standard deviation was used for the descriptive analysis, while the repeated measures ANOVA test was used for the inferential analysis. Results showed dysphagic individuals had lower elevation of the hyoid bone marked by a longer distance from the approximation of the hyoid bone during of the maximum deglutition peak when compared to healthy individuals, regardless of the food consistency offered. It was concluded that the ultrasound measurement of distance from the approximation of the hyoid bone during of the maximum deglutition peak showed less laryngeal elevation in individuals with neurogenic oropharyngeal dysphagia when compared to healthy individuals for all food consistencies offered.

Valoración del margen de error ecográfico entre el peso fetal estimado y el peso al nacer en la Maternidad del Hospital de Clínicas

Introducción: La valoración ultrasonográfica del peso fetal permite valorar el crecimiento y bienestar fetal pudiendo estimar el peso al nacimiento, factor determinante para el pronóstico vital. Objetivos: Determinar el margen de error ecográfico del peso fetal estimado (PFE) en relación con el peso al nacer de los neonatos de la Maternidad del Hospital de Clínicas entre los años 2020 y 2022 Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en mujeres que tuvieron un parto en el lugar y el período mencionado, y que contaban con ecografía obstétrica de crecimiento realizada con menos de 7 días respecto al nacimiento. Se calculó el error del PFE mediante la fórmula: (Peso al Nacer - Peso Fetal Estimado) / Peso al Nacer) x 100. Se contrastó el error del peso fetal estimado con el índice de masa corporal, diabetes y estados hipertensivos del embarazo, utilizando t de Student y con la edad gestacional y edad materna mediante el índice de Pearson tomando valores estadísticamente significativos menores a 0,05. Resultados: Se incluyeron 258 pacientes. El margen de error ecográfico del PFE fue de 8,3% DE ± 7. Se obtuvo un valor p para el IMC de 0,228, diabetes p 0,915, estados hipertensivos p 0,967, días en que se realizaba la ecografía p 0,5 y edad gestacional el p 0,001. Conclusiones: El margen de error ecográfico del PFE se encuentra por debajo de los parámetros internacionales. Se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa con la edad gestacional, no así con las otras variables.

Introduction: Ultrasonographic assessment of fetal weight allows assessment of fetal growth and well-being and can estimate birth weight, a determining factor for vital prognosis. Objectives: Determine the ultrasound margin of error of the estimated fetal weight (EFP) in relation to the birth weight of neonates at the Maternity Hospital of the Hospital de Clínicas between the years 2020 and 2022. Materials and Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out on women who had their birth in the aforementioned place and period and who had an obstetric growth ultrasound performed less than 7 days after birth. The error of the EPF was calculated using the formula: (Birth Weight - Estimated Fetal Weight) / Birth Weight) x 100. The error of the estimated fetal weight was contrasted with the body mass index, diabetes and hypertensive state of pregnancy, using Student's t and with gestational age and maternal age using the Pearson index taking statistically significant values ​​less than 0.05. Results: 258 patients were included. The ultrasound margin of error of the EPF was 8.3% SD ± 7. A p value was obtained for BMI of 0.228, diabetes p 0.915, hypertensive states p 0.967, days in which the ultrasound was performed p 0.5 and age gestational p 0.001. Conclusions: The ultrasound margin of error of the EPF is below the international parameters. Statistically significant associations were found with gestational age, but not with the other variables.

Introdução: A avaliação ultrassonográfica do peso fetal permite avaliar o crescimento e bem-estar fetal e pode estimar o peso ao nascer, fator determinante para o prognóstico vital. Objetivos: Determinar a margem de erro ultrassonográfica do peso fetal estimado (PFE) em relação ao peso ao nascer dos neonatos atendidos na Maternidade do Hospital de Clínicas entre os anos de 2020 e 2022. Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo observacional, descritivo e transversal com mulheres que tiveram o parto no local e período mencionados e que realizaram ultrassonografia obstétrica de crescimento menos de 7 dias após o nascimento. O erro do PFE foi calculado pela fórmula: (Peso ao Nascer - Peso Fetal Estimado) / Peso ao Nascer) x 100. O erro do peso fetal estimado foi contrastado com o índice de massa corporal, diabetes e estado hipertensivo da gestação, utilizando-se o teste de Student. t e com idade gestacional e idade materna utilizando o índice de Pearson assumindo valores estatisticamente significativos menores que 0,05. Resultados: foram incluídos 258 pacientes. A margem de erro ultrassonográfica do PFE foi de 8,3% DP ± 7. Obteve-se valor de p para IMC de 0,228, diabetes p 0,915, estados hipertensivos p 0,967, dias em que foi realizada a ultrassonografia p 0,5 e idade gestacional p 0,001. Conclusões: A margem de erro ultrassonográfica do PFE está abaixo dos parâmetros internacionais. Foram encontradas associações estatisticamente significativas com a idade gestacional, mas não com as demais variáveis.

[Continuous erector spinae plane block for postoperative analgesia of multiple rib fracture surgery: case report]. / Bloqueio do plano do eretor da espinha para analgesia pós­operatória de cirurgia de fratura de múltiplas costelas: relato de caso.

INTRODUCTION: The erector spinae plane block is a newly described and effective interfascial plane block for thoracic and abdominal surgery. This case report describes a patient with multiple rib fractures undergoing ultrasound-guided continuous erector spinae plane block for analgesia. CASE REPORT: A 37-year-old male patient was taken for surgical fixation of multiple rib fractures. At the end of the surgery, using ultrasound-guided longitudinal parasagittal orientation 3cm to the lateral aspect of the T5 spinous process and an in-plane technique, 20mL 0.25% bupivacaine was administered between the erector spinae muscle and the transverse process, and a catheter was then inserted in the same plane. Before the end of surgery, 1g paracetamol and 50mg dexketoprofen were administered. Postoperative analgesia was applied with patient controlled analgesia method using 0.25% bupivacaine via the catheter. The patient's Visual Analogue Scale score at rest in the first 24h was 0. The patient was monitored for 3 days with Visual Analogue Scale<4, and the catheter was removed on postoperative day 4. No opioid requirement other than paracetamol and dexketoprofen occurred during this time. No postoperative complications were recorded. DISCUSSION: The erector spinae plane block is an alternative to paravertebral, intercostal, epidural or other regional techniques. It may be a suitable technique in anesthesia and algology practice due to providing analgesia in the postoperative period with a catheter in the erector spinae plane.

[Minimum effective volume of bupivacaine 0.5% for ultrasound-guided retroclavicular approach to infraclavicular brachial plexus block]. / Volume mínimo efetivo de bupivacaína a 0,5% para abordagem retroclavicular guiada por ultrassom no bloqueio do plexo braquial por via infraclavicular.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The current study aimed to determine the minimum effective volume (MEV) of bupivacaine 0.5% in 50% of patients for an ultrasound-guided retroclavicular approach to infraclavicular brachial plexus block. METHODS: A total of 25 adult patients who were scheduled for upper limb surgery received an ultrasound-guided retroclavicular approach to infraclavicular brachial plexus block with bupivacaine 0.5%. The needle insertion point was posterior to the clavicle and the needle was advanced from cephalad to caudal. Block success was defined as a composite score of 14 at 30min after local anesthetic (LA) injection. The minimum effective volume in 50% of patients was determined using the Dixon-Massey up-and-down staircase method. Minimum effective volume for a successful block in 95% of the patients was also calculated using logistic regression and probit transformation. RESULTS: The minimum effective volume of bupivacaine 0.5% resulting in successful block in 50% of patients (MEV50) according to the up-and-down staircase method was found to be 9.6mL (95% confidence interval (CI), 5.7-13.4). The calculated minimum effective volume required for a successful block in 95% of patients (MEV95) using the probit transformation and logistic regression analysis was 23.2mL (95% CI, 18.8-36.7). CONCLUSIONS: The MEV50 of bupivacaine 0.5% for US-guided retroclavicular approach to infraclavicular brachial plexus block was 9.6mL and the calculated MEV95 was 23.2mL. Future studies are required for infraclavicular brachial plexus block with different approaches, other LA agents and different concentrations of bupivacaine.

[Supraclavicular nerve and superior trunk block for surgical treatment of clavicle fracture in a patient with Steinert's disease - Case report]. / Bloqueio do nervo supraclavicular e do tronco superior para tratamento cirúrgico de fratura de clavícula em paciente portador de doença de Steinert ­ Relato de caso.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Ultrasound-guided upper limb blocks may provide great benefits to patients with serious diseases. Patients with Steinert's disease have muscle weakness and risk of triggering myotony or malignant hyperthermia due to the use of anesthetic agents and surgical stress. The objective of this report was to demonstrate a viable alternative for clavicle fracture surgery with upper trunk and supraclavicular nerve block, thus reducing the spread of local anesthetic to the phrenic nerve in a patient with muscular dystrophy. CASE REPORT: A 53-year-old male patient with Steinert's disease, associated with dyspnea, hoarseness and dysphagia, referred to the surgical theater for osteosynthesis of clavicle fracture. Upper limb (1mL 0.75% ropivacaine) and supraclavicular nerve block (1mL 0.75% ropivacaine in each branch) were combined with venous anesthesia with propofol under laryngeal mask (infusion pump target of 4 mcg.mL-1). Upon awakening, the patient had no pain or respiratory complaints. He was transferred to the ICU for immediate postoperative follow-up with discharge from this unit after 24hours without complications. CONCLUSIONS: The superior trunk and cervical plexus block associated with venous anesthesia under laryngeal mask, without the use of opioids, proved to be adequate in the case of a patient with clavicle fracture and Steinert's disease. With the use of ultrasonography in regional anesthesia it is possible to perform increasingly selective blocks, thus allowing greater security for the anesthetic-surgical procedure and lower morbidity for the patient.

[Ultrasound-guided selective nerve blocks for trigger finger surgeries to maintain flexion/extension of fingers - Case series]. / Bloqueios seletivos guiados por ultrassom para cirurgias de dedo em gatilho para manutenção da flexão/extensão dos dedos ­ Série de casos.

BACKGROUND: A patient's ability to move his/her fingers during hand surgery may be helpful to surgeons because it allows the effectiveness of the intervention evaluation and prediction of hand function in the postoperative period. The purpose of this case series is to demonstrate the efficacy of an ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block technique to maintain the hand flexor and extensor muscles motor function and discuss the benefits of the technique for trigger finger surgery. CASE REPORT: Ten patients scheduled to undergo trigger finger surgery were selected. The goal was to maintain flexion and extension of the fingers during the procedure. Thus, ultrasound-guided ulnar, radial, and medial nerve block was performed in the distal third of the forearm, at 5-7cm proximal to the wrist. The block was performed with 5mL of 0.375% bupivacaine on each nerve. All procedures were uneventfully performed maintaining the flexion and extension of the fingers. In two cases, it was observed that the motricity maintenance and the patients' ability to move their fingers when requested allowed the success of the surgical procedure after the third intraoperative evaluation. CONCLUSION: This case series shows that it is possible to maintain the motor function of the hand flexor and extensor muscles to perform finger trigger surgeries using specific ultrasound-guided distal blocks.

Composição da gordura corporal em pacientes com doenças inflamatórias intestinais: um estudo comparativo entre dobras cutâneas e ultrassonografia / Body fat composition in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases: a comparative study between skinfolds and ultrasonography

ABSTRACT Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are associated with important changes in nutritional status. Objective: The aim of the study was to compare body fat composition between two anthropometric methods: skinfolds and ultrasonography, in patients with IBD. Methods: Single-center cross-sectional study with IBD patients in remission or active disease. For the agreement analysis between the body fat assessment methods, the Bland Altman method was used. Results: A total of 101 patients with IBD were included, 75 with Crohn's disease and 26 with ulcerative colitis. Approximately 56% of the patients with Crohn's disease and 65.4% of those with ulcerative colitis had a body fat composition above normal levels, with no significant difference between the diseases (P=0.63). The Bland-Altman concordance analysis showed that the methods for assessing the percentage of fat by the adipometer and ultrasound were not in full agreement (P=0.001), despite both presented good correlation (CC 0.961; P=0.000). Conclusion: The analysis of body fat percentage in patients with IBD was different between the skinfolds and ultrasound. Both methods can be used to assess the of body fat percentage of patients with IBD. However, monitoring of body fat sequentially and longitudinally should always be performed using the same method throughout the disease course. Prospective longitudinal studies are warranted to precisely define the role of these two methods of measuring body composition in patients with IBD.

RESUMO Contexto: As doenças inflamatórias intestinais (DII) estão associadas a alterações importantes no estado nutricional. Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi comparar a composição da gordura corporal entre dois métodos antropométricos: dobras cutâneas e ultrassonografia, em pacientes com DII. Métodos: Estudo transversal de centro único com pacientes com DII em remissão ou doença ativa. Para a análise de concordância entre os métodos de avaliação da gordura corporal foi utilizado o método de Bland-Altman. Resultados: Foram incluídos 101 pacientes com DII, 75 com doença de Crohn e 26 com colite ulcerativa. Aproximadamente 56% dos pacientes com doença de Crohn e 65,4% daqueles com colite ulcerativa apresentaram composição de gordura corporal acima dos níveis normais, sem diferença significativa entre as doenças (P=0,63). A análise de concordância de Bland-Altman mostrou que os métodos de avaliação do percentual de gordura pelo adipômetro e ultrassonografia não foram totalmente concordantes (P=0,001), apesar de ambos apresentarem boa correlação (CC 0,961; P=0,000). Conclusão: A análise do percentual de gordura corporal em pacientes com DII foi diferente entre as dobras cutâneas e a ultrassonografia. Ambos os métodos podem ser usados para avaliar o percentual de gordura corporal de pacientes com DII. Entretanto, o monitoramento da gordura corporal de forma sequencial e longitudinal deve ser sempre realizado utilizando o mesmo método durante todo o curso da doença. Estudos longitudinais prospectivos são necessários para definir com precisão o papel desses dois métodos de medição da composição corporal em pacientes com DII.

Abdominal ultrasound in amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis) (Natterer, 1883)

Abstract Morphophysiological species researches are fundamental, and diagnostic imaging is an excellent technique, already used in wild animals, with great application, not invasive and provide real-time information of each body. Amazonian manatees are on the list of endangered animals classified in the vulnerable category and knowledge of the normal pattern of ultrasound anatomy of organs and tissues is important for the maintenance and well-being of captive specimens contributing to reintroduction actions. The objective of the study was to standardize the examination technique and describe the ultrasound findings of the liver, gallbladder, stomach, urinary bladder and the subcutaneous tissue of the abdominal region in Trichechus inunguis, in order to contribute with the anatomical and sonographic knowledge and assist in the diagnosis and prognosis diseases. The study used 18 animals to describe the normal sonographic anatomy in the abdominal cavity of the Amazonian manatee. During abdominal scan, it was possible to visualize the features of the liver, gallbladder, stomach, urinary bladder obtained satisfactory results in this study. Therefore, other structures were not primarily identified by the reduced time, lots of fat and gases in intestines of animals.

Resumo Pesquisas morfofisiológicas em espécies selvagens são fundamentais, e o diagnóstico por imagem é uma excelente técnica, já usada e com grande aplicação, não invasiva e que fornece informações em tempo real de cada órgão. Peixes-boi-amazônico encontram-se na lista de animais ameaçados de extinção classificados na categoria vulnerável e o conhecimento do padrão normal da anatomia ultrassonográfica de órgãos e tecidos é importante para a manutenção e bem-estar de espécimes em cativeiro contribuindo para ações de reintrodução. O objetivo deste estudo foi padronizar a técnica de exame e descrever os achados ultrassonográficos do fígado, vesícula biliar, estômago, vesícula urinária e o tecido subcutâneo da região abdominal em Trichechus inunguis, de modo a contribuir com o conhecimento anátomo-sonográfico e auxiliar no diagnóstico e prognóstico de doenças. O estudo utilizou 18 animais para descrever a anatomia ultrassonográfica normal na cavidade abdominal de peixe-boi amazônico. Durante a varredura abdominal foi possível visualizar as características dos órgãos obtendo resultados satisfatórios neste estudo, concluindo ser uma técnica eficiente para avaliação de determinados órgãos abdominais em peixe-boi amazônico. Entretanto, outras estruturas não foram identificadas principalmente pelo tempo reduzido, muita gordura e gases nos intestinos dos animais

Abdominal ultrasound in amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis) (Natterer, 1883) / Ultrassonografia abdominal em peixe boi amazônico (Trichechus inunguis (Natterer, 1883)

Morphophysiological species researches are fundamental, and diagnostic imaging is an excellent technique, already used in wild animals, with great application, not invasive and provide real-time information of each body. Amazonian manatees are on the list of endangered animals classified in the vulnerable category and knowledge of the normal pattern of ultrasound anatomy of organs and tissues is important for the maintenance and well-being of captive specimens contributing to reintroduction actions. The objective of the study was to standardize the examination technique and describe the ultrasound findings of the liver, gallbladder, stomach, urinary bladder and the subcutaneous tissue of the abdominal region in Trichechus inunguis, in order to contribute with the anatomical and sonographic knowledge and assist in the diagnosis and prognosis diseases. The study used 18 animals to describe the normal sonographic anatomy in the abdominal cavity of the Amazonian manatee. During abdominal scan, it was possible to visualize the features of the liver, gallbladder, stomach, urinary bladder obtained satisfactory results in this study. Therefore, other structures were not primarily identified by the reduced time, lots of fat and gases in intestines of animals.

Pesquisas morfofisiológicas em espécies selvagens são fundamentais, e o diagnóstico por imagem é uma excelente técnica, já usada e com grande aplicação, não invasiva e que fornece informações em tempo real de cada órgão. Peixes-boi-amazônico encontram-se na lista de animais ameaçados de extinção classificados na categoria vulnerável e o conhecimento do padrão normal da anatomia ultrassonográfica de órgãos e tecidos é importante para a manutenção e bem-estar de espécimes em cativeiro contribuindo para ações de reintrodução. O objetivo deste estudo foi padronizar a técnica de exame e descrever os achados ultrassonográficos do fígado, vesícula biliar, estômago, vesícula urinária e o tecido subcutâneo da região abdominal em Trichechus inunguis, de modo a contribuir com o conhecimento anátomo-sonográfico e auxiliar no diagnóstico e prognóstico de doenças. O estudo utilizou 18 animais para descrever a anatomia ultrassonográfica normal na cavidade abdominal de peixe-boi amazônico. Durante a varredura abdominal foi possível visualizar as características dos órgãos obtendo resultados satisfatórios neste estudo, concluindo ser uma técnica eficiente para avaliação de determinados órgãos abdominais em peixe-boi amazônico. Entretanto, outras estruturas não foram identificadas principalmente pelo tempo reduzido, muita gordura e gases nos intestinos dos animais.

[Ultrasound guided airway access]. / Acesso às vias aéreas guiado por ultrassom.

Ultrasound has increasingly growing applications in anesthesia. This procedure has proven to be a novel, non-invasive and simple technique for the upper airway management, proving to be a useful tool, not only in the operating room but also in the intensive care unit and emergency department. Indeed, over the years mounting evidence has showed an increasing role of ultrasound in airway management. In this review, the authors will discuss the importance of ultrasound in the airway preoperative assessment as a way of detecting signs of difficult intubation or to define the type and/or size of the endotracheal tube as well as to help airway procedures such as endotracheal intubation, cricothyrotomy, percutaneous tracheal intubation, retrograde intubation as well as the criteria for extubation.

Ultrasonographic aspects of the gallbladder mucocele in 30 dogs: retrospective study / Aspectos ultrassonográficos da mucocele biliar em 30 cães: estudo retrospectivo

Gallbladder mucocele is characterized by hyperplasia of the gallbladder epithelium, increased mucus production, accumulation, and densification of the bile content, which can lead to biliary obstruction, necrosis, and rupture of the gallbladder wall. Its finding may be accidental or related to symptoms. A retrospective study (2016-2019) was carried out based on abdominal ultrasound examinations in dogs, correlating aspects of the gallbladder and biliary system in the mucocele with existing comorbidities. Thirty dogs diagnosed with biliary mucocele were evaluated, of which 46.66% had the disease at an early stage, and 53.33% showed a more advanced stage. Of these, 66.66% were related to endocrinopathies and hyperadrenocorticism. Signs of extrahepatic bile duct obstruction and biliary peritonitis were observed in two animals. Due to their potential risk of complications, follow-up ultrasound assessments are indicated in cases that opt for clinical treatment, not excluding the need for surgical intervention.(AU)

A mucocele biliar caracteriza-se pela hiperplasia do epitélio da vesícula biliar, aumento da produção de muco, acúmulo e densificação do conteúdo biliar, podendo levar à obstrução, necrose e ruptura da parede da vesícula biliar. Seu achado pode ser acidental ou estar relacionado à sintomatologia. Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo (2016-2019) a partir de exames ultrassonográficos abdominais em cães, correlacionando os aspectos da vesícula biliar na mucocele, com comorbidades existentes. Foram avaliados 30 cães com diagnóstico de mucocele biliar, dos quais 46,66% apresentaram a doença em estágio inicial e 53,33% demonstraram estágio mais avançado. Destes, 66,66% tinham endocrinopatias, principalmente hiperadrenocorticismo. Sinais de obstrução de vias biliares extra-hepáticas e peritonite biliar foram observados em dois animais. Por seu potencial risco de complicação, avaliações ultrassonográficas de seguimento são indicadas nos casos de tratamento clínico, não se descartando a necessidade de intervenção cirúrgica.(AU)

[Type II Quadratus Lumborum block for a sub-total gastrectomy in a septic patient]. / Bloqueio do quadrado lombar tipo II para uma gastrectomia subtotal em um paciente séptico.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Quadratus Lumborum block was recently described and has already shown good results as an analgesic technique in abdominal surgeries, having the potential to significantly reduce opioids consumption and be a valid alternative to epidural catheter. We performed a type II Quadratus Lumborum block for analgesia in a septic patient having a sub-total gastrectomy. CASE REPORT: An 80 year-old, ASA III, male patient, weighting 50kg, with a history of arterial hypertension and hypercholesterolemia, diagnosed with sepsis due to purulent peritonitis was submitted to an open laparotomy. Bilateral ultrasound-guided type II Quadratus Lumborum block was performed before surgery, using 10mL of levobupivacaine 0.25% and 5mL of mepivacaine 1%, per side. Pain relief was achieved 5minutes after injection and the patient referred no pain in the immediate postoperative period. DISCUSSION: Type II Quadratus Lumborum block may be considered a valid alternative for postoperative analgesia in a septic patient undergoing major abdominal surgery with some relative contraindications to epidural catheter placement. It allowed us to achieve excellent pain management avoiding opioids usage. However, more reports are still needed to properly access its usefulness.