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1.
Comp Med ; 54(6): 713-7, 2004 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15679271

ABSTRACT

Increased mortality was observed in a single colony of 50 Xenopus laevis. The frogs were used as oocyte donors in developmental biology studies. Necropsy findings included dermal erythema and petechiation consistent with red leg syndrome; dermal ulcerations and white, filamentous growths on the skin were consistent with Saprolegnia sp. Microscopic evaluation of the skin and fungus revealed an astigmatid mite similar to those of the genus Rhizoglyphus. The mite was also found in the water and the biological filter of the tanks housing the frogs. This mite is considered not to be a parasite of X. laevis; instead, it feeds off moss, fungi, and detritus. Subsequent evaluation of the sphagnum moss used for shipping the frogs from the supplier revealed the same mite in the moss. Our hypothesis is that the mite was introduced into the tank with the shipment of new frogs in sphagnum moss. The mites lived within the biological filter, and were only found after the growth of Saprolegnia sp. attracted the mites to the frogs. Laboratory animal care and veterinary personnel should consider non-pathogenic species of mites in the differential diagnosis of acariasis in Xenopus frogs.


Subject(s)
Mite Infestations/veterinary , Skin Diseases, Parasitic/veterinary , Xenopus laevis/parasitology , Acaridae/pathogenicity , Animal Husbandry , Animals , Female , Infections/microbiology , Infections/pathology , Infections/veterinary , Mite Infestations/parasitology , Mite Infestations/pathology , Saprolegnia/isolation & purification , Saprolegnia/pathogenicity , Skin Diseases, Infectious/microbiology , Skin Diseases, Infectious/pathology , Skin Diseases, Infectious/veterinary , Skin Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology , Skin Diseases, Parasitic/pathology , Sphagnopsida/microbiology , Xenopus laevis/microbiology
2.
Exp Appl Acarol ; 44(4): 277-91, 2008 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18404408

ABSTRACT

The objective of this work was to study the population dynamics of Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes) and predaceous mites (Phytoseiidae and Stigmaeidae), as well as the interactions among these mite species, in a coffee plantation in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Tydeids were also evaluated because of the high frequency of these mites on coffee plants. Samples of leaves, branches and fruits were taken fortnightly, from April 2001 to June 2003, from plants randomly chosen in the coffee plantation. B. phoenicis mites were found on leaves in higher number during the drier periods of the year. Among the predaceous mites, Euseius citrifolius Denmark & Muma and Euseius concordis (Chant) were the most frequent species on the surface of leaves. During the evaluations, 72,534 domatia were cut and opened to remove the mites, from 6,360 leaves examined. Zetzellia malvinae Matioli, Ueckermann & Oliveira was the most frequent predator species found inside domatia. Significant correlations were observed between population dynamics of, among others, E. concordis and B. phoenicis, Z. malvinae and B. phoenicis, and Z. malvinae and E. concordis. Significant correlations were also verified between the number of domatia and the population densities of B. phoenicis, E. concordis, Lorryia sp. and Z. malvinae. Interactions between predator-prey and predator-predator on coffee plants are discussed. The influence of the meteorological factors temperature and precipitation on the most frequent mite species is also discussed.


Subject(s)
Acaridae/pathogenicity , Coffee/parasitology , Mites/pathogenicity , Animals , Brazil , Plant Leaves/parasitology , Plant Stems/parasitology , Population Dynamics
3.
J. investig. allergol. clin. immunol ; 23(1): 20-29, ene.-feb. 2013. tab
Article in English | IBECS (Spain) | ID: ibc-111766

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: Los ácaros de almacenamiento son una fuente de aeroalérgenos en pacientes con rinitis y asma alérgica. El Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Tp) es causante de reacciones de hipersensibilidad de las vías respiratorias, sin embargo los mecanismos y la patogenia de esta enfermedad están aún por dilucidar. Objetivo: El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo el establecer un modelo murino de asma alérgica inducida por el Tp. Métodos: Los ratones fueron sensibilizados con un extracto crudo de Tp por vía intra-peritoneal y, posteriormente, provocados con el mismo, por vía intratraqueal. Se cuantificaron diferentes parámetros de la respuesta inmunitaria como: variaciones en la concentración de inmunoglobulinas, subpoblaciones leucocitarias, citocinas y expresión de genes, así como la función pulmonar y, finalmente, se realizaron estudios histológicos. Resultados: Los ratones sensibilizados y provocados con Tp desarrollaron un aumento significativo de los niveles de IgE e IgG1 específicas de Tp en suero, en comparación con el grupo NS (p <0,01). Asimismo, se observó un incremento significativo, después de la sensibilización, en la cifra de leucocitos inflamatorios (neutrófilos y eosinófilos) y de algunas citocinas (IL-4, IL-5 e IL-13). En la función pulmonar, se obtuvieron valores significativamente mayores de Penh (p <0,05) en los ratones sensibilizados a Tp. En el estudio de la expresión génica, se observó que los genes relacionados con la respuesta Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, y RANTES), Th2 específica del factor de transcripción GATA-3, pro-inflamatoria (IL-6), y Th17 (IL-17F), aumentó significativamente tras la provocación intratraqueal. En los ratones sensibilizados con extracto crudo Tp se confirmó una histología pulmonar con inflamación del tejido pulmonar y alteraciones traqueales. Conclusión: La sensibilización intraperitoneal con extracto crudo de T. putrescentiae, seguida de una provocación intratraqueal, puede inducir la inflamación de las vías aéreas en ratones. Este modelo murino pudiera servir de base para evaluar la eficacia terapéutica de fármacos en la inflamación de las vías respiratorias, inducida por T. putrescentiae, dadas las similitudes encontradas en aspectos inmunológicos y clínicos, con el asma alérgica de los seres humanos (AU)


Background: Storage mites are a source of aeroallergens that affect patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma. Tyrophagus putrescentiae is a causative factor of airway hypersensitivity, but the mechanisms and pathogenesis of T putrescentiae–induced allergy are not well understood. Objective: This study aimed to develop a murine model of T putrescentiae–induced allergic asthma. Methods: Immune responses and physiologic variations in immunoglobulins (Ig), leukocyte subpopulations, cytokines, gene expression, pulmonary function, and lung pathology were evaluated after intraperitoneal sensitization and intratracheal challenge with crude extract of T putrescentiae. Results: After sensitization with aluminum hydroxide and challenge with T putrescentiae in mice, levels of T putrescentiae–specific IgE and IgG1 in sera increased significantly compared to the normal saline group (P<.01). Values for inflammatory leukocytes (neutrophils and eosinophils) and cytokines (interleukin [IL] 4, IL-5, and IL-13) increased significantly after sensitization. In terms of pulmonary function, pause values were significantly enhanced in T putrescentiae–sensitized mice after intratracheal challenge with T putrescentiae (P<.05). Expression of type 2 helper T cell (TH2)–related genes (IL4, IL5, IL13, and RANTES), TH2-specifi c transcription factor (GATA-3), and proinflammatory genes (IL6), and TH17-related genes (IL17F) increased significantly after airway challenge. Sensitization with T putrescentiae crude extract led to inflammation of lung tissue, thickening of the tracheal wall, and tracheal rupture. Conclusions: Intraperitoneal sensitization followed by intratracheal challenge with crude extract of T putrescentiae can induce airway inflammation in BALB/c mice. The symptoms observed in a mouse model of allergic asthma, in terms of immune and clinical parameters, are reminiscent of the symptoms of allergic asthma in humans. A mouse model can be used to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness of drugs on T putrescentiae–induced airway inflammation in humans (AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Allergens/immunology , Mites/pathogenicity , Acaridae/pathogenicity , Inflammation/immunology , Asthma/immunology , Rhinitis/immunology , Interleukin-17/analysis , Mice/immunology
4.
Allergol. immunopatol ; 33(4): 214-220, jul. 2005. tab
Article in Es | IBECS (Spain) | ID: ibc-038910

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: En este trabajo se analiza la importancia alergológica del Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Tp) en la provincia de Huelva, determinando, tanto el nivel de exposición como el grado de sensibilización a dicho ácaro en una población de alérgicos a Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dpt). Además también se estudió la reactividad cruzada existente entre Dpt y Tp mediante RAST inhibición. Métodos y resultados: Se analizaron muestras de polvo de las viviendas de alérgicos a Dpt y en aquellos pacientes donde se identificó Tp se realizaron pruebas cutáneas (PC), prueba de provocación conjuntival (PCC) y/o determinación de IgE específica (RAST) a dicho ácaro. Se analizaron 136 muestras de polvo en las que Dpt fue el ácaro más frecuente (94,8 %) y Tp apareció en tercer lugar (41,1 %) tras Glycyphagus domesticus (54,4 %). De los 45 pacientes estudiados, en 23 (51,1 %), al menos dos pruebas fueron positivas, 18 (40 %) no mostraron sensibilización a Tp y en 4 (8,8 %) los datos no fueron concluyentes. Con respecto al hábitat domiciliario, 26 pacientes (57,7 %) vivían en ambiente urbano y 19 (42,2 %) en vivienda rural. Se realizó la determinación de IgE específica a Tp en 25 pacientes, siendo positiva en 12, de los cuales 7 presentaron valores superiores a 2 kU/L. No se encontró correlación significativa entre los títulos de IgE a Dpt y Tp. El experimento de RAST inhibición confirmó la baja reactividad cruzada entre ambos ácaros en los sueros analizados y sólo en un caso Dpt logró inhibir parcialmente la unión de IgE al extracto de Tp. Conclusiones: Tp es el segundo ácaro de almacén más identificado en las viviendas de los pacientes alérgicos a Dpt en la provincia de Huelva. Sin embargo, sólo la mitad de los pacientes expuestos son sensibles a dicho ácaro y viven en su mayoría en un ambiente urbano. No se ha encontrado una correlación significativa entre los títulos de IgE específica a Dpt y Tp y mediante RAST inhibición se confirma la baja reactividad cruzada entre ambos ácaros


Background: In this work we analyzed the allergological importance of Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Tp) in Huelva (SE Spain). We studied the level of exposition and the grade of sensitization to Tp in a group of patients sensitized to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dpt). The allergenic cross-reactivity between Dpt and Tp was determined by RAST inhibition. Methods and results: We analyzed house dust samples from the dwellings of allergic patients with documented Dpt sensitization. Skin test (ST), conjunctival provocation (CP) and/or specific IgE (RAST) to Tp were performed when Tp was identificated in the house dust sample of the patient. Among the 136 dust samples studied, Dpt was the most frequently identified mite species (94,8 %) and Tp was found in third position (41,1 %) after Glycyphagus domesticus (54,4 %). Among the 45 patients studied, 23 (51,1 %) presented, at least, two positive tests, 18 (40 %) were not sensitized to Tp and 4 (8,8 %) showed contradictory results. 26 patients (57,7 %) inhabited in urban areas and 19 (42,2 %) in rural regions. We determined specific IgE (RAST) to Tp in 25 patients, and the results were positive in 12, with only 7 with values greater than 2 kU/L. No significant correlation were found between IgE-antibody levels to Dpt and Tp. The RAST inhibition studies confirmed the low cross-reactivity between these mites and only in one patient Dpt partially inhibited the IgE-binding to Dpt extract. Conclusions: Tp was the second more frequent storage mite in the house dust samples from patients allergic to Dpt in Huelva. However, only half of the exposed patients were sensitized to Tp and the majority inhabited in urban areas. No significant correlation were found between IgE-antibody levels to Dpt and Tp. The RAST inhibition studies confirmed the low cross-reactivity between these mites


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Child , Adult , Adolescent , Humans , Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus/pathogenicity , Respiratory Hypersensitivity/immunology , Acaridae/pathogenicity , Respiratory Hypersensitivity/epidemiology , Dust/analysis , Allergens , Immunoglobulin E/analysis , Skin Tests/methods
6.
Article in Es | IBECS (Spain) | ID: ibc-21239

ABSTRACT

La alergia al esperma debe ser tenida en cuenta ante vulvovaginitis de repetición provocadas por contacto sexual con el líquido espermático. Una reacción de hipersensibilidad de tipo I es la más frecuentemente encontrada, revelada por el Prick-test (test de hipersensibilidad inmediata cutáneo-mucosa).En caso de manifestaciones sistémicas las IgE específicas circulantes pueden estar elevadas. El tratamiento es paliativo (contactos protegidos, aplicaciones locales de pomadas antihistamínicas) o encaminado a la desensibilización, sobre todo en caso de manifestaciones generales. Además de la incomodidad para la pareja que conlleva esta rara afección, pueden asociarse infertilidades de orden inmunológico (AU)


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Streptococcus agalactiae/isolation & purification , Streptococcus agalactiae/pathogenicity , Hypersensitivity/diagnosis , Hypersensitivity/drug therapy , Cromolyn Sodium/therapeutic use , Histamine H1 Antagonists/therapeutic use , Acaridae/microbiology , Acaridae/pathogenicity , Vaginal Diseases/complications , Vaginal Diseases/diagnosis , Vagina/pathology , Vagina , Hypersensitivity , Allergy and Immunology/standards , Allergy and Immunology/classification
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