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1.
JAAPA ; 37(2): 1-4, 2024 Feb 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38270661

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT: Hemifacial spasm is an uncontrollable, recurrent facial muscular contraction that typically occurs on one side of the face, cannot be suppressed, and can last the entire day and during sleep. The most common underlying cause of facial nerve compression is an enlarged or abnormal tracking blood vessel at the brainstem level. Clinical diagnoses are frequently based on a patient's medical history and physical examination. Before deciding on a course of action, however, an electromyogram and MRI are performed to determine the underlying cause. Due to its high effectiveness (success rates of 85% to 95%) and low frequency of adverse reactions, botulinum toxin is the preferred therapy for hemifacial spasm and can provide transient symptomatic alleviation. Surgical microvascular decompression is a therapeutic approach that targets the underlying cause of this condition and has an average success rate of 85%.


Subject(s)
Hemifacial Spasm , Humans , Hemifacial Spasm/diagnosis , Hemifacial Spasm/etiology , Decompression, Surgical , Electromyography , Physical Examination , Sleep
3.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 72(2): 119-122, 02/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-702551

ABSTRACT

Primary hemifacial spasm (HFS) is characterized by irregular and involuntary contraction of the muscles innervated by the ipsilateral facial nerve. Treatment controls symptoms and improves quality of life (QoL). Objective : Evaluate the initial diagnosis and treatment of HFS prior to referral to a tertiary center. Method : We interviewed through a standard questionnaire 66 patients currently followed in our center. Results : Mean age: 64.19±11.6 years, mean age of symptoms onset: 51.9±12.5 years, male/female ratio of 1:3. None of the patients had a correct diagnosis in their primary care evaluation. Medication was prescribed to 56.8%. Mean time from symptom onset to botulinum toxin treatment: 4.34 ±7.1 years, with a 95% satisfaction. Thirty percent presented social embarrassment due to HFS. Conclusion : Despite its relatively straightforward diagnosis, all patients had an incorrect diagnosis and treatment on their first evaluation. HFS brings social impairment and the delay in adequate treatment negatively impacts QoL. .


Espasmo hemifacial primário é caracterizado pela contração irregular ou involuntária dos músculos inervados pelo nervo facial ipsilateral. O tratamento é eficaz para controlar sintomas e melhorar a qualidade de vida. Objetivo : Avaliar diagnóstico e tratamento do espasmo hemifacial primário feitos antes do encaminhamento ao centro terciário. Método : Foram coletados retrospectivamente dados de 66 pacientes atualmente acompanhados no nosso serviço através de entrevista padronizada. Resultados : Média de idade: 64,19±11,6 anos; média de idade no início dos sintomas: 51,9±12,5 anos; razão homem/mulher de 1:3. Nenhum dos pacientes foi corretamente diagnosticado na primeira avaliação. Foram prescritos medicamentos para 56,8%. O tempo médio entre início dos sintomas e o tratamento com toxina botulínica foi 4,34±7,1 anos; 95% ficaram satisfeitos com o tratamento; 30% tinham constrangimento social. Conclusão : Embora seja uma condição de relativa facilidade diagnóstica, todos os pacientes tiveram diagnóstico e tratamento incorretos na primeira avaliação. Espasmo hemifacial primário traz constrangimento social, agravado pelo atraso no tratamento adequado. .


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Diagnostic Errors , Hemifacial Spasm/diagnosis , Botulinum Toxins/therapeutic use , Facial Nerve , Hemifacial Spasm/drug therapy , Neuromuscular Agents/therapeutic use , Primary Health Care , Quality of Life , Retrospective Studies
4.
Arch. Soc. Esp. Oftalmol ; 94(9): 436-440, sept. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS (Spain) | ID: ibc-186222

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Proponer una guía para el diagnóstico y el manejo de pacientes con distonías faciales por parte de un grupo de expertos en órbita y oculoplástica miembros de la Sociedad Iberoamericana de Oculoplástica. Material y métodos: Se realizó una discusión dirigida interactiva entre el panel de expertos y los asistentes al VI Congreso de la Sociedad Iberoamericana de Oculoplástica realizado en las instalaciones del Hospital Nuestra Señora de la Luz en la Ciudad de México el 22 de octubre de 2018, presentando la experiencia basada en la evidencia y la experiencia personal para el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de distonías faciales. Al encuentro asistieron alrededor de 200 médicos oftalmólogos especialistas en oculoplástica originarios de Norte, Centro y Sudamérica, así como de España y Portugal. La discusión se centró en los siguientes sub-temas: fisiopatología, diagnóstico, manejo médico y manejo quirúrgico. Conclusiones: El diagnostico de las distonías faciales es clínico y rara vez requiere estudios complementarios de imagen. El oftalmólogo es generalmente el médico de primer contacto y está capacitado para ser el médico tratante salvo casos muy específicos de espasmo hemifacial, donde el manejo en conjunto con neurocirugía puede resultar beneficioso. El tratamiento de primera elección es la toxina botulínica. La terapia con neurolépticos orales y la miectomía del músculo orbicular se reservan para casos refractarios, ya que no presentan buena respuesta clínica como terapias de primera elección. El uso crónico de toxina botulínica no modifica el curso natural de la enfermedad


Objective: To propose guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of facial dystonia prepared by a group of experts in orbit and oculoplastics from the Iberoamerican Oculoplastic Society. Material and methods: An interactive discussion between the expert panel and those attending the 6th Iberoamerican Society of Oculoplastics Congress, which took place at the Hospital Nuestra Señora de la Luz in Mexico City on 22 October 2018, providing their personal experience based on evidence for diagnosis and treatment of facial dystonia. Around 200 ophthalmologists specialised in oculoplastics from North, Central and South America, Spain, and Portugal were involved. Discussion was focused on the following themes: pathophysiology, diagnosis, medical management, and surgical management. Conclusions: Facial dystonia diagnosis is clinical; therefore, image studies are rarely needed. The ophthalmologist is generally the first physician to be consulted, and is able to be the treating physician, with the exception of specific cases of hemifacial spasm where management with neurosurgery may be beneficial. Botulinum toxin is the treatment of choice. Treatment with oral neuroleptics and myectomy of the orbicularis oculi muscle are reserved for refractory cases, since these do not have an adequate clinical response as first choice treatments. Persistent use of botulinum toxin does not modify the natural course of the disease


Subject(s)
Humans , Dystonic Disorders/diagnosis , Dystonic Disorders/drug therapy , Face , Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use , Blepharospasm/diagnosis , Blepharospasm/drug therapy , Botulinum Toxins/therapeutic use , Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological , Disease Management , Dystonic Disorders/physiopathology , Dystonic Disorders/surgery , Hemifacial Spasm/diagnosis , Hemifacial Spasm/drug therapy , Hemifacial Spasm/surgery , Microvascular Decompression Surgery , Muscle, Skeletal/surgery , Prognosis
5.
Neurocir.-Soc. Luso-Esp. Neurocir ; 26(6): 307-310, nov.-dic. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | IBECS (Spain) | ID: ibc-144957

ABSTRACT

Arachnoid cysts involving the cerebellopontine angle are an unusual cause of hemifacial spasm. The case is reported of a 71-year old woman presenting with a right hemifacial spasm and an ipsilateral arachnoid cyst. Preoperative magnetic resonance imaging findings suggested a neurovascular compression caused by displacement of the facial-acoustic complex and the anterior inferior cerebellar artery by the cyst. Cyst excision and microvascular decompression of the facial nerve achieved permanent relief. The existing cases of arachnoid cysts causing hemifacial spasm are reviewed and the importance of a secondary neurovascular conflict identification and decompression in these cases is highlighted


Los quistes aracnoideos del ángulo pontocerebeloso son una causa inusual de espasmo hemifacial. Describimos el caso de una mujer de 71 años que presentaba un espasmo hemifacial derecho y un quiste aracnoideo ipsilateral. Los hallazgos de la resonancia magnética preoperatoria indicaban una compresión neurovascular provocada por el desplazamiento del complejo nervioso facial-acústico y de la arteria cerebelosa anteroinferior por el quiste. La extirpación del quiste y la descompresión microvascular del nervio facial consiguieron un alivio permanente del espasmo. Se revisan los casos conocidos de espasmo hemifacial secundario a un quiste aracnoideo y se resalta la importancia de identificar un conflicto neurovascular secundario y de realizar una descompresión en estos casos


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Hemifacial Spasm/diagnosis , Hemifacial Spasm/surgery , Hemifacial Spasm , Arachnoid Cysts/surgery , Arachnoid Cysts , Cerebellopontine Angle/surgery , Cerebellopontine Angle , Microvascular Decompression Surgery/instrumentation , Microvascular Decompression Surgery/methods , Microvascular Decompression Surgery , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Facial Nerve/pathology , Facial Nerve/surgery , Facial Nerve
6.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 65(3b): 783-786, set. 2007. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-465179

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To compared the clinical features of 373 patients with primary and postparalytic hemifacial spasm (HFS). METHOD: Data analyzed were gender, ethnicity, age at symptom onset, disease duration, affected side, distribution of facial spasm at onset, hypertension, family history of HFS, previous history of facial palsy and latency between facial palsy and HFS. RESULTS:The prevalence of patients with Asian origin was similar in both groups such as female/male ratio, mean age at symptom onset, disease duration, affected side and distribution at onset of facial twitching. The upper left side of the face was the main affected region at onset. Almost 40 percent of the patients in both groups had hypertension. A prevalence of vascular abnormalities on the posterior fossa was seen in 7 percent and 12.5 percent of both groups. CONCLUSION: The clinical profile and radiological findings of patients with primary and postparalytic HFS are similar. The association of hypertension with vascular abnormalities and HFS was not frequent.


OBJETIVO: Comparar características clínicas de 373 pacientes com espasmo hemifacial (EHF) primário e pós-paralítico. MÉTODO: Os dados analisados foram: sexo, etnia, idade no início dos sintomas, duração da doença, lado afetado, distribuição dos espasmos no início da doença, hipertensão arterial, história familiar de EHF, história prévia de paralisia facial periférica e latência entre a paralisia facial e o início do EHF. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de pacientes com origem asiática foi semelhante em ambos os grupos assim como razão homem/mulher, média de idade no início dos sintomas, duração da doença, lado afetado e distribuição dos espasmos no início dos sintomas. O quadrante superior esquerdo da face foi o lado mais afetado no início dos sintomas. Quase 40 por cento dos pacientes em ambos os grupos tinha hipertensão arterial. A prevalência de anormalidades vasculares na fossa posterior foi observada, respectivamente, em 7 por cento e 12,5 por cento dos casos. CONCLUSÃO: O perfil clínico e também radiológico dos pacientes com EHF primário e pós-paralítico foi semelhante. A associação entre hipertensão arterial e anormalidades vasculares na fossa posterior não foi freqüente.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Facial Paralysis/complications , Hemifacial Spasm , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/therapeutic use , Follow-Up Studies , Hemifacial Spasm/diagnosis , Hemifacial Spasm/drug therapy , Hemifacial Spasm/etiology , Hypertension/complications , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Reaction Time , Retrospective Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
7.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 25(5): 287-294, jul. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS (Spain) | ID: ibc-94725

ABSTRACT

Objetivos: Evaluar la validez de la secuencia CISS 3D de resonancia magnética (RM) en relación con secuencias angiográficas TOF 3D para la detección del contacto neurovascular (CNV) entre el nervio facial y las arterias vecinas en pacientes con espasmo hemifacial esencial (EHE) y determinar la asociación entre la presencia de síntomas de EHE y el CNV y las características de imagen del CNV (tipo, número y localización).Material y métodos: Se han estudiado prospectivamente 120 ángulos pontocerebelosos (APC), 44 con clínica de EHE y 76 asintomáticos (controles), mediante el empleo de una serie axial potenciada en T2 (CISS) y una serie axial con técnica angiográfica TOF 3D con reconstrucciones MIP; 56 de estos APC tenían un estudio angiográfico TOF previo y se compararon sus resultados con los del estudio actual.Resultados: Los valores diagnósticos obtenidos fueron significativos a favor del protocolo del presente trabajo que mostró una sensibilidad del 77,27% y una especificidad del 75%. Se demostró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la presencia de CNV y la clínica de EHE (p<0,0001). Entre las características del CNV estudiadas, únicamente se halló una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el desplazamiento del nervio facial (dentro de tipo de CNV) y la clínica de EHE (p=0,019). Conclusiones: El protocolo de RM propuesto es sensible y válido para detectar CNV en pacientes con EHE. Los resultados de nuestro estudio apoyan la asociación entre el CNV y la clínica de EHE, si bien no se trata de una asociación simple, sino que puede estar influida por otros factores, como el desplazamiento del nervio facial producido por el CNV (AU)


Background and purpose: The purpose of this article is to assess the validity of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) CISS 3D sequence associated with 3D time of flight (TOF) angiographic sequence in order to detect neurovascular contact (NVC) between the facial nerve and neighbouring arteries in patients with essential hemifacial spasm (HFS) and to determine the relationship between HFS symptoms and NVC and NVC image features (type, number and site).Materials and methods: We prospectively enrolled 120 cerebellopontine angle (CPA) MRI studies, 44 cases with HFS symptoms and 76 which were asymptomatic (controls), using axial T2-weighted (CISS) and axial 3D TOF series with associated Maximal intensity (MIP) reconstructions. Prior TOF angiographic studies were available for 56 cases without associated CISS images and the results obtained from that study were compared with the results of the current study. Results: The diagnostic values obtained significantly favoured the protocol used in this study, which demonstrated a sensitivity of 77.27% and a specificity of 75%. There was a statistically significant relationship between the presence of NVC and HFS symptoms (p<0,0001). Only one statistically significant relationship was found between facial nerve displacement (in type of NVC) and HFS symptoms (p=0.019).Conclusions: The proposed MRI protocol is sensitive and valid for detecting NVC in patients with HFS. The results of our study support a relationship between NVC and HFS symptoms. It is not a simple relationship, however. It may be influenced by other factors, such as displacement of the facial nerve due to NVC (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Hemifacial Spasm/diagnosis , Nerve Compression Syndromes/diagnosis , Clinical Protocols , Sensitivity and Specificity
8.
Neurocir. - Soc. Luso-Esp. Neurocir ; 16(1): 21-26, feb. 2005. ilus
Article in Es | IBECS (Spain) | ID: ibc-038293

ABSTRACT

El espasmo hemifacial (EH) constituye una entidad clínica caracterizada por contracciones tónico-clónicas de carácter involuntario de la musculatura inervada por el nervio facial. Como forma de presentación de meningiomas intracraneales es excepcional. Presentamos tres casos de pacientes con meningiomas cuya presentación clínica fue en forma de EH, bien de forma aislada o asociado a sintomatología de hipertensión intracraneal o déficit neurológico focal. Se revisa la literatura y se discuten los posibles mecanismos fisiopatológicos que puedan intervenir en esta asociación


Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a clinical entity consisting of brief clonic jerking movements of the facial musculature, beginning in the orbicularis oculi with downward spreading to other facial muscles. Apart from vascular loop compression at the root exit zone of the facial nerve, other causes of HFS are rare. It is excepcional as a form of presentation of intracranial meningiomas We report three cases of patients with meningiomas who presented with HFS, either as an isolated sign or associated with symptoms of rise intracranial pressure or focal déficit. We review the literature and discuss the possible physiopathological mechanisms responsible for this association


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Aged , Humans , Hemifacial Spasm/etiology , Meningioma/complications , Meningeal Neoplasms/complications , Hemifacial Spasm/diagnosis , Meningioma/diagnosis , Meningioma/surgery , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/therapeutic use , Hemifacial Spasm/drug therapy , Neuromuscular Agents/therapeutic use , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Severity of Illness Index , Meningeal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Meningeal Neoplasms/surgery , Telencephalon/pathology , Telencephalon
9.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 56(1): 111-5, mar. 1998. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-212452

ABSTRACT

Os autores relatam os achados clínicos e angiográficos de dois casos de espasmo hemifacial familiar. Esta é a quinta descriçao sobre esse tema na literatura e apresenta mae e filha com idades de 76 e 51 anos respectivamente, nas quais o lado esquerdo foi o acometido. Exames de angiorressonância realizados nas pacientes revelaram dolicobasilar com origem lateralizada à esquerda para ambos os casos. Também demonstraram artéria cerebelar póstero-inferior muito desenvolvida e irregularidades murais nas artérias vertebrais sugestivas de arteriosclerose na mae e vasos intracranianos levemente alongados na filha. Dados de revisao da literatura e sobre a etiologia do espasmo hemifacial sao enfocados.


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Female , Humans , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/therapeutic use , Hemifacial Spasm/genetics , Neuromuscular Agents/therapeutic use , Hemifacial Spasm/diagnosis , Hemifacial Spasm/drug therapy , Magnetic Resonance Angiography
10.
Rev. cuba. pediatr ; 44(3): 227-230, mayo.-jun.1972. ilus
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-25533

ABSTRACT

Se presenta el caso de un paciente de ocho años de edad portador de un espasmo facial permanente y miokimia asociados a un tumor del tronco encefálico. Se hace una revisión historica del signo, se discute su valor diagnóstico en las lesiones tumorales intraparenquimatosas del tallo cerebral y del ángulo pontocerebeloso. Se revisa la literatura señalando las diferentes interpretaciones fisiopatogénicas de esta alteración funsional(AU)


Subject(s)
INFORME DE CASO , Humans , Male , Child , Contracture , Hemifacial Spasm/diagnosis , Hemifacial Spasm/history , Hemifacial Spasm/physiopathology , Brain Stem Neoplasms/diagnosis , Brain Stem Neoplasms/complications
13.
Rev. bras. neurol ; 41(4): 17-21, out.-dez. 2005.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-502946

ABSTRACT

O espasmo hemifacial é um distúrbio crônico do movimento, muitas vezes comprometendo a função de alguns dos músculos faciais, ocasionando constrangimento social. Embora existam diversas causas, tem como mais comum etiologia a compressão do nervo facial por uma artéria aterosclerótica, sendo muitas vezes desnecessária a utilização de exames complementeres no seu diagnóstico. Apesar da possibilidade de utilização medicamentosa no tratamento, a terapêutica mais eficaz inclui a ministração de toxina botulínica nos músculos comprometidos, ou mesmo a cirurgia descompressiva microvascular.


Hemifacial spasm is a chronic movement disorder whice usually interferes with normal operation of some face muscles, and causes social embarassement. Although there are many other causes, the vascular copression of the facial nerve by an atherosclerotic vessel is the most common aetiology, whice makes most of times the use of supplementary tests for the diagnose confirmation unnecessary. Botulinum toxin injection to the facial muscles and microvascular decompression of the facial nerve are the most effective treatments for hemifacial spasm, however oral medications have also been used.


Subject(s)
Humans , Hemifacial Spasm/diagnosis , Hemifacial Spasm/etiology , Hemifacial Spasm/therapy , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/therapeutic use
14.
Rev. argent. radiol ; 66(2): 73-79, abr-jun. 2002. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-7882

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: La compresión de una estructura nerviosa por un vaso aberrante puede ser asintomática o producir importante sintomatología; en éste caso las imágenes suministran una relevante información clínica y prequirúrgica. Material y métodos: Se estudiaron entre enero de 1998 y marzo de 2001, 27 pacientes: 8 con neuralgia del trigémino, 7 con hemiespasmo del facial, 4 con vértigo y tinnitus pulsátil, 2 con hemiespasmo del facial, 4 con vértigo y tinnitus pulsátil, 2 con hemianopsias, 1 con neuralgia de la fosa amigdalina, 1 con voz bitonal, 1 con hemiatrofia lingual derecha con fasciculaciones, 2 con hipertensión esencial y 1 con cefalea. Todos ellos presentaron evaluación neurológica por 2 especialistas y los resultados fueron interpretados por 2 neurorradiólogos. Resultados: Las imágenes por TC y RM con secuencias especiales permitieron evidenciar las compresiones de los segmentos de entrada de las raíces de los pares craneales V, VII, VIII, IX, X, XII, del quiasma óptico y de la cara anterolateral izquierda del bulbo raquídeo en estrecha relación con el centro vasopresor. También se visualizó un vaso anómalo en el Acueducto de Silvio, impidiendo el flujo normal del LCR. Del total de los pacientes estudiados, el 37 por ciento tuvo confirmación quirúrgica. Conclusiones: La TC y especialmente la RM con secuencias para visualización de vasos demostraron ser métodos muy sensibles y específicos en la detección de la lesión de una estructura nerviosa intracraneal, producto de la compresión por un vaso (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Trigeminal Neuralgia/etiology , Hemifacial Spasm/etiology , Vertigo/etiology , Hemianopsia/etiology , Hypertension/etiology , Hydrocephalus/etiology , Nerve Compression Syndromes/etiology , Central Nervous System Vascular Malformations/complications , Trigeminal Neuralgia/diagnostic imaging , Trigeminal Neuralgia/diagnosis , Hemifacial Spasm/diagnostic imaging , Hemifacial Spasm/diagnosis , Vertigo/diagnostic imaging , Vertigo/diagnosis , Hemianopsia/diagnostic imaging , Hemianopsia/diagnosis , Tinnitus/diagnostic imaging , Tinnitus/diagnosis
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