Convergence of the dimensional assessment of personality pathology (DAPP-BQ) and the five-factor personality inventory for the international classification of diseases 11th edition (FFiCD) in the context of the five-factor model and personality disorders.

The current manuscript presents the convergence of the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology (DAPP-BQ), using its short form the DAPP-90, and the Five-Factor Personality Inventory for International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), the FFiCD, in the context of the five-factor personality model and the categorical approach of personality disorders (PDs). The current manuscript compares the predictive validity of both the FFiCD and the DAPP-90 regarding personality disorder scales and clusters. Results demonstrate a very high and meaningful convergence between the DAPP-90 and the FFiCD personality pathology models and a strong alignment with the FFM. The DAPP-90 and the FFiCD also present an almost identical predictive power of PDs. The DAPP-90 accounts for between 18% and 47%, and the FFiCD between 21% and 47% of PDs adjusted variance. It is concluded that both DAPP-90 and FFiCD questionnaires measure strongly similar pathological personality traits that could be described within the frame of the FFM. Additionally, both questionnaires predict a very similar percentage of the variance of personality disorders.

Validation of an abbreviated Big Five personality inventory at large population scale: Psychometric structure and associations with common psychiatric and neurological disorders.

BACKGROUND: The five-factor model of personality, as quantified using instruments such as the Big Five Inventory, consists of broad personality domains including Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism (emotional instability), and Openness. Such instruments typically include >40 items. However, instruments with many items can be unwieldly and a cause of measurement error in clinical and cohort studies where multiple scales are sequenced. Conversely, established 5- and 10-item versions of the Big Five Inventory have poor reliability. Here, we developed and validated an abbreviated 18-item Big Five Inventory that balances efficiency, reliability and sensitivity. METHOD: We analysed three datasets (N = 59,797, N = 21,177, and N = 87,983) from individuals who participated in the online Great British Intelligence Test (GBIT) study, a collaborative citizen science project with BBC2 Horizon. We applied factor analyses (FA), predictive normative modelling, and one-sample t-tests to validate the 18-item version of the Big Five and to investigate its associations with psychiatric and neurological conditions. RESULTS: The 18-item version of the Big Five Inventory had higher validity and retest reliability compared to the other previously shortened versions in the literature, with comparable demographic associations to the full Big Five Inventory. It exhibited strong (i.e. large effect size) associations with psychiatric conditions, and moderate (small-medium) associations with neurological conditions. Neuroticism (emotional instability) was substantially higher in all psychiatric conditions, whereas Conscientiousness, Openness and Extraversion showed differential associations across conditions. CONCLUSION: The newly validated 18-item version of the Big Five provides a convenient means of measuring personality traits that is suitable for deployment in a range of studies. It retains psychometric structure, retest reliability and clinical-group sensitivity, as compared to the full original scale.

Measuring the Four Higher-Order Values in Schwartz's Theory: Validation of a 17-Item Inventory.

Schwartz's theory of basic human values is the dominant framework for assessing values. One of its strengths is that it allows for different levels of analysis. The 10 basic values can be reliably assigned to four higher-order dimensions: Openness to Change, Conservation, Self-Transcendence, and Self-Enhancement. In this paper, we examined the psychometric properties of the Higher-Order-Value Scale-17 (HOVS17), an inventory that economically assesses these higher-order values. We analyzed data from the GESIS Panel, an ongoing large-scale probability-based panel study that fields HOVS17 annually since 2013 and for which HOVS17 was originally developed. We found HOVS17 to have satisfactory psychometric properties. The 17 items were located in the two-dimensional multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) space as hypothesized. All four subscales were unidimensional, showed good fit when modeled as reflective latent variables, and had acceptable reliabilities as well as one-year test-retest stabilities (.65 to .69). The subscales correlated in theoretically plausible ways with a wide range of correlates and criteria, such as personality traits and well-being. This demonstrates that HOVS17 provides a sound basis for studying the development, precursors, and consequences of the higher-order values in the GESIS Panel and in future surveys that adopt HOVS17. We also discuss suggestions for further improvements of the inventory.

Measuring Global Character Dimensions: An Ant Colony Optimization Approach toward Three Core Strength Scales.

The Values in Action (VIA) framework encompasses 24 universally valued character strengths. Recent factor-analytic work has identified three global core strengths (metatraits) that proved to be well-interpretable and cross-culturally replicable: positivity, dependability, and mastery. However, there are no short scales to economically measure these core strengths that would encourage (large-scale) survey-based research on the global level of the VIA trait space. In the present study, we selected 18 items to measure the three metatraits from the 96-item IPIP-VIA-R inventory. To optimize the item selection while considering multiple psychometric criteria simultaneously, we made use of Ant Colony Optimization. Thereby, we obtained balanced-keyed scales that cover the heterogeneous constructs well, showed good model fit and reliability across six samples from Germany and the U.K. (total N = 2,754), and achieved scalar measurement invariance across countries. Furthermore, we demonstrated each scale's validity by locating the three core strengths in a nomological net with personality and value metatraits, life satisfaction, and behavioral criteria. Available in the public domain in English and German, these both valid and economical core strength scales may further stimulate integrative research on personality and values.

Examination of Construct Validity of ANX and DEP Scales of the PAI-A.

Anxiety and depression are the two most common psychiatric problems of adolescence. The Personality Assessment Inventory, Adolescent Version (PAI-A) is a broadband instrument designed to assist in the detection and differential diagnosis of common psychiatric disorders in adolescents, and it includes a Depression scale (DEP) to detect the presence of major depressive episodes and an Anxiety scale (ANX) designed to detect clinically significant anxiety. However, there is limited research on this measure. The current study examined both the convergent and discriminant validities of the PAI-A Anxiety and Depression scales by observing their relationships to other self-report measures (e.g., PAI-A scales, MMPI-A), observer ratings (e.g., HPRS), and performance-based measures (e.g., Rorschach CS). The sample consisted of 352 records of the psychological assessments of adolescent inpatients between the ages of 13 to 17; the sample was about equally male (51.6%) and female with a mean age of 15.5 years. The sample was ethnically diverse with 48.7% of individuals identifying as Caucasian, 12.9% Black, 16% Hispanic, 2.6% Asian, 3.2% Other, and 16.6% unknown. There is strong evidence for convergent validity for the PAI-A ANX and DEP scales with r's ranging from .11 to .78. There is moderate evidence for discriminant validity for these scales. Results demonstrated that PAI-A scales correlated strongest with self-report, followed by therapist rating scale, and then performance-based measures. Various strengths of the PAI-A for the assessment of anxiety and depression are discussed.

Two-year retest reliability and predictive validity of the Self- and Informant-Personality Inventory for ICD-11 in older adults.

The International Classification of Diseases, 11th edition (ICD-11) adopted a fully dimensional model of personality disorder. The Personality Inventory for ICD-11 (PiCD) and Informant-Personality Inventory for ICD-11 (IPiC) were developed to assess the ICD-11 trait model, and the PiCD has since received significant validation support. However, there has only been one prior study of longitudinal predictive validity of the PiCD, two relatively short test-retest reliability studies of the PiCD, and no prior longitudinal tests of the IPiC. Longitudinal psychometric support for psychological assessment measures is essential. The present study provides a longer, larger, 2-year psychometric validation test of the PiCD and IPiC. Participants (N = 711) and their informants (N = 569) were recruited in the St. Louis Personality and Aging Network. The results demonstrated strong 2-year retest reliability for the PiCD and IPiC, as well as mean-level stability. Additionally, we explored the relationships between the PiCD and IPiC and important life outcome measures (depressive symptoms, satisfaction with life, and health status). The analysis revealed several significant associations between PiCD and IPiC scales and the outcome variables across time. Further, the PiCD Negative Affectivity and IPiC Detachment scales demonstrated incremental validity over each other and the outcome variables at Wave 1 in the prediction of depressive symptoms and satisfaction with life, respectively. The findings provide essential longitudinal test-retest reliability and predictive validity support for the PiCD and IPiC. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Measuring maladaptive personality traits with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Screening Questionnaire using a common metrics approach.

The classification of personality disorder (PD) is undergoing a paradigm shift in which categorically defined specific PDs are being replaced by dimensionally defined maladaptive trait domains. To bridge the classificatory approaches, this study attempts to use items from the categorical PD model in DSM-IV to measure the maladaptive trait domains described in DSM-5 Section III/ICD-11. A general population sample comprising 1228 participants completed the Screening Questionnaire of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II (SCID-II-SQ), the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), and the anankastia scale of the Personality Inventory for ICD-11 (PiCD). Using item response theory models and a psychometric linking technique, SCID-II-SQ items were evaluated for their contribution to measuring maladaptive trait domains. The best discriminating items were then selected to derive proxy scales. We found that convergent validity of these proxy scales was in a similar range to that of other self-report measures for PD, except for the proxy scale for PiCD anankastia. However, only the proxy scale for negative affectivity showed acceptable reliability that would allow its application in research settings. Future studies should seek to establish a common metric between specific PDs and maladaptive trait domains using self-report measures with higher specificity or semi-structured interviews.

Resilience matters: Explaining the association between personality and psychological functioning during the COVID-19 pandemic / La resiliencia importa: explicación de la asociación entre personalidad y funcionamiento psicológico durante la pandemia de COVID-19

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to elucidate the underlying mechanism through which basic personality dimensions predict indicators of psychological functioning during the COVID-19 pandemic, including subjective well-being and perceived stress. As a personality characteristic highly contextualized in stressful circumstances, resilience was expected to have a mediating role in this relationship. METHOD: A sample of 2,722 Slovene adults, aged from 18 to 82 years filled in the Big Five Inventory, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Mental Health Continuum. A path analysis with the Bootstrap estimation procedure was performed to evaluate the mediating effect of resilience in the relationship between personality and psychological functioning. RESULTS: Resilience fully or partially mediated the relationships between all the Big Five but extraversion with subjective well-being and stress experienced at the beginning of the COVID-19 outburst. Neuroticism was the strongest predictor of less adaptive psychological functioning both directly and through diminished resilience. CONCLUSIONS: Resilience may be a major protective factor required for an adaptive response of an individual in stressful situations such as pandemic and the associated lockdown

ANTECEDENTES/OBJETIVO: El objetivo fue dilucidar el mecanismo subyacente a través del cual las dimensiones básicas de la personalidad predicen indicadores del funcionamiento psicológico durante la pandemia de COVID-19, incluido el bienestar subjetivo y el estrés percibido. Como característica de la personalidad altamente contextualizada en circunstancias estresantes, se esperaba que la resiliencia tuviera un papel mediador en esta relación. MÉTODO: Una muestra de 2.722 adultos eslovenos (18-82 años), completó el Big Five Inventory, la Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, la Perceived Stress Scale y el Mental Health Continuum. Se realizó un análisis de ruta con el procedimiento de estimación Bootstrap para evaluar el efecto mediador de la resiliencia en la relación entre la personalidad y el funcionamiento psicológico. RESULTADOS: La resiliencia medió total o parcialmente las relaciones entre los Cinco Grandes, y la extraversión con bienestar subjetivo y el estrés experimentado, al comienzo del estallido de COVID-19. El neuroticismo fue el predictor más fuerte de un funcionamiento psicológico menos adaptativo, tanto directamente como a través de la disminución de la capacidad de resiliencia. CONCLUSIONES: La resiliencia puede ser un factor de protección importante y requerido para una respuesta adaptativa de un individuo en situaciones estresantes como la pandemia y el confinamiento asociado

Psychometric properties and normative information on the child and adolescent behavior inventory with ratings for Spanish children from parents and teachers / Información Psicométrica y Normativa del Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory con Evaluaciones de Madres, Padres y Maestros de Niños Españoles

BACKGROUND: Psychometric properties and initial normative information are provided for the sluggish cognitive tempo, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-inattention, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-hyperactivity/impulsivity, oppositional defiant disorder, callous-unemotional behavior (limited prosocial emotions specifier), anxiety, depression, social impairment, and academic impairment scales of the Spanish Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory. METHOD: Mothers, fathers, and teachers of 2,142 third to sixth grade Spanish children (49.49% girls; ages 8-13) from randomly selected schools on the Balearic Islands completed the Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory. RESULTS: Scores from the scales demonstrated reliability (internal consistency and inter-rater), structural validity, and convergent/discriminant validity with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and learning disorder diagnoses for boys and girls separately for each source. Normative information (T-scores) is provided for the nine scales separately for boys and girls, with test information functions supporting use of the symptom scales for screening purposes. CONCLUSIONS: Although more comprehensive Spanish norms are still needed, the initial normative information on the scales should be useful to inform the clinical care of individual Spanish children, with the positive psychometric properties of the scores also supporting the use of the scale for research. Copies of the Spanish Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory and norms are available for free to clinicians and researchers

ANTECEDENTES: en este trabajo se presenta información psicométrica y normativa inicial de la versión española del Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory para las escalas: tempo cognitivo lento, inatención e hiperactividad/impulsividad del trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad, negativismo desafiante, dureza emocional, ansiedad, depresión, afectación social y deterioro académico. MÉTODO: una muestra de madres, padres y maestros de 2.142 niños españoles de tercer a sexto curso de escuelas seleccionadas al azar en las Islas Baleares completaron el Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory. RESULTADOS: las puntuaciones de las escalas demostraron fiabilidad, validez estructural y validez de criterio con diagnósticos de TDAH y de trastornos del aprendizaje para niños y niñas. Se proporciona información normativa para las nueve escalas por separado para niños y niñas, mientras las funciones de información del test han respaldado el uso de las escalas de síntomas para fines de detección inicial. CONCLUSIONES: aunque todavía son necesarios datos normativos más completos en niños de muestras españolas, la información normativa inicial que proporcionamos de las escalas CABI debería ser útil para los informes en el ámbito clínico, además los datos psicométricos positivos de sus puntuaciones también apoyan su uso en investigación

Capacidad discriminativa del deterioro funcional del Inventario de Personalidad DMS-5 Short Form en pacientes con trastorno por uso de sustancias / Discriminative capacity for functional impairment of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Short Form in patients with substance use disorder

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Development and Validation of the Spanish Version of the Political Skill Inventory A Measurement Invariance Test / Desarrollo y validación de la versión española del Inventario de habilidades Políticas: una prueba de invarianz de medición

BACKGROUND: The Political Skills Inventory (PSI) is a measurement tool for assessing four dimensions associated with political skills: social astuteness, interpersonal influence, networking ability and apparent sincerity (Ferris, 2005). METHOD: In the present study, multi-sample and multi-method, we developed and analyzed the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the (PSI), by performing both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Additionally, a longitudinal reliability test and a sex factorial invariance test were performed. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha and omega indices revealed satisfactory reliability and exploratory factor analyses extracted the four original factors as reported in other studies (N = 309). Confirmatory factorial analyses confirmed that the four-factor solution presented the best fit to our data (N = 248). CONCLUSIONS: We add new evidence for time and sex invariance of the measure, showing that the PSI can be considered a stable and valid measure over time and across sex

INTRODUCCIÓN: El inventario de habilidades políticas (PSI, siglas en inglés) es una medida para calibrar cuatro dimensiones relacionadas con es-te constructo: la astucia social, la capacidad de influencia interpersonal, la habilidad para establecer contactos y la sinceridad aparente (Ferris, David-son & Perrewé, 2005). MÉTODO: En el presente estudio, multi-muestra y multimétodo, sendos análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio se han llevado a cabo sobre dos muestras, una primera compuesta por trabajadores de varios ramos (recogido en tres etapas, con una edad media comprendida entre 43.66 y 44.70 años, DT = 9.42 - 10.22, y un porcentaje de mujeres entre 57.3 - 58.4%) y una segunda por trabajadores del sector salud (Mage = 35.56, SD = 7.23; 80.6% women), para desarrollar y testar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión española del PSI. Adicionalmente, se llevó a cabo una prueba de fiabilidad longitudinal y un análisis de invarianza relativo al género. RESULTADOS: Los índices alpha de Cronbach (cuyos valores oscilaron entre 0.83-0.90 en nuestros datos, y entre 0.73-0.87 en la versión original) y omega (0.85 para el total de la escala) revelaron un grado de fiabilidad satisfactoria. El análisis factorial exploratorio extrajo los cuatro factores de la versión original, tal y como ya ha sido reportado en otros estudios (N = 309). El análisis factorial confirmatorio confirmó que el ajuste de dicha estructura fue el mejor frente a los datos (N = 248). CONCLUSIONES: Con este estudio se añade evidencia al estudio de la invarianza de género y la estabilidad temporal de esta medida, mostrando que la versión española del PSI puede ser considerada una medida estable y válida a través del tiempo y relativa al género

Translation and cultural adaptation of the DSM-5 Personality Inventory - Brief Form (PID-5-BF)

Abstract Introduction The Personality Inventory for the DSM-5 - Brief Form (PID-5-BF) - is an instrument for assessment of the five pathological personality traits from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5) alternative model of personality disorders. Objectives To determine the psychometric properties of the version of the PID-5-BF translated and adapted to Brazilian Portuguese. Methods The process of translating and cross-culturally adapting the text was carried out by independent translators and the resulting version was administered to 176 patients in two hospitals in Rio Grande do Sul. The internal structure was tested by means of confirmatory factor analysis. Evidence of reliability was tested by examining the internal consistency of the scales and their convergent and concurrent validity with other methods of psychopathology. Results The five factors were replicated in the present sample with adequate indicators of fit of the data to the model. Appropriate reliability coefficients for the scales and evidence of validity were observed, indicating the clinical usefulness of the PID-5-BF in the Brazilian context. Conclusion The psychometric properties of PID-5-BF proved satisfactory in an initial sample of Brazilians.

A dimensional measure of schizotypy: cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences short version for Brazilian Portuguese (O-LIFE-S)

Abstract Introduction The Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (O-LIFE) is a widely-used scale, and the first to include a dimensional approach to understanding schizotypy. Objective To adapt the short version of the O-LIFE (O-LIFE-S) into Brazilian Portuguese. Method a) Two independent bilingual professionals translated the original instrument into Brazilian Portuguese; b) a third bilingual professional summarized the two translations; c) a fourth bilingual expert translated the Portuguese version back into English; d) this back-translation was adjusted by a committee of psychology experts; e) a pilot study was conducted with 10 participants from the general population. Results O-LIFE-S was considered ready to be used in a formal validation study in Brazil. Conclusion The scale appears to cover the dimensional approach to schizotypy. However, a future validation study needs to be conducted to determine the internal consistency and reliability of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the O-LIFE-S .

Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5): cross-cultural adaptation and content validity in the Brazilian context / Inventário de Personalidade para o DSM-5 (PID-5): adaptação transcultural e validade de conteúdo para o contexto brasileiro

Abstract Objective To describe the process of cross-cultural adaptation of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) to the Brazilian context. Methods Cross-cultural adaptation involved the steps of independent translation of the instrument, synthesis version, and back-translation. Analysis of content validity was conducted by a multidisciplinary expert committee and consisted of quantitative assessment of agreement indicators. The test was then applied to a target population. Results All the steps required for a cross-cultural adaptation were followed and satisfactory agreement values (≥ 4.75) were reached for most of the structures assessed. Most of the changes suggested by the experts were followed; these changes consisted primarily of adjustments to verb tense and agreement and the inclusion of letters and words to allow gender inflection. In the pre-test, no suggestions were made and the instrument was considered comprehensible. Conclusion The Brazilian version of the PID-5 was found to be adequate to the Brazilian context from semantic, idiomatic, cultural, and conceptual perspectives. The Brazilian version assessed here can be freely used, was approved by the publishers who hold the copyright on the instrument, and is considered the official version of the instrument. New studies are underway to determine the validity and reliability of the PID-5.

Resumo Objetivo Apresentar o processo de adaptação transcultural do Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) para o contexto brasileiro. Métodos A adaptação transcultural envolveu as etapas de tradução independente, versão síntese e retrotradução. A validade de conteúdo foi realizada por um comitê multidisciplinar de especialistas, com avaliação quantitativa dos índices de concordância. Por fim, o pré-teste foi conduzido com a população-alvo. Resultados Todos os estágios da adaptação transcultural foram seguidos, e na maioria das estruturas avaliadas, os valores de concordância foram satisfatórios (≥ 4.75). Grande parte das sugestões de modificações feitas pelos especialistas foram acatadas, sendo as principais relacionadas a ajustes no tempo e concordância verbal e a inclusão de letras e palavras para permitir a flexão de gênero. No pré-teste nenhuma sugestão foi apresentada e o instrumento foi considerado compreensível. Conclusão A versão brasileira do PID-5 mostrou-se adequada ao contexto brasileiro sob as perspectivas semântica, idiomática, cultural e conceitual. A versão brasileira avaliada é de uso livre, foi aprovada pelas editoras responsáveis pelos direitos autorais do instrumento e é considerada oficial. Novos estudos estão sendo conduzidos para aprimorar a busca por evidencias de validade e confiabilidade.

Translation of the Parental Inventory "Language Use Inventory" into Brazilian Portuguese / Tradução do Inventário Parental "Language Use Inventory" para o Português Brasileiro

ABSTRACT Purpose To translate and adapt the assessment tool Language Use Inventory from English to Brazilian Portuguese. Methods The study was carried out in two stages. Once the publisher's authorization was given, the process of translation and back-translation of the protocol was initiated, adapting it to sociocultural aspects, such as expressions, names, and adequate examples in Brazilian Portuguese. In order to investigate the internal reliability of the translation process, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used. The second stage was a pilot study, in which the questionnaire was applied to 43 parents of children from 24 to 47 months old from a city in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. The results were analyzed according to the total score and to the subscales of the questionnaire. The variables age range and parental level of education were also analyzed. Results The analysis using the Cronbach's alpha coefficient showed high internal consistency (α>0,98) in almost all the subscales which means that the instrument adapted to Brazilian Portuguese can be used. In the pilot study, an age effect was found in the total score and in the LUI subscale scores, i.e., the older the children, the fewer gestures they used, with more words and syntactic constructions. Conclusion The Brazilian-Portuguese version of the LUI questionnaire seems to be a reliable translation of the original and a reliable instrument to evaluate preschoolers' language pragmatics. After future detailed analyses, it will allow early diagnosis and intervention in children with language disorders.

RESUMO Objetivo Traduzir e adaptar a ferramenta de avaliação "Language Use Inventory" do inglês para o português brasileiro. Método O estudo foi realizado em duas etapas. Após a autorização da editora, foi iniciado o processo de tradução e retrotradução do protocolo, adaptando-o aos aspectos socioculturais, como expressões, nomes e exemplos adequados em português brasileiro. Para investigar a confiabilidade interna do processo de tradução, foi utilizado o coeficiente alfa de Cronbach. A segunda etapa foi um estudo piloto, no qual o questionário foi aplicado a 43 pais de crianças de 24 a 47 meses de uma cidade do interior do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Os resultados foram analisados segundo o escore total e as subescalas do questionário. As variáveis faixa etária e nível de escolaridade dos pais também foram analisadas. Resultados A análise pelo coeficiente alfa de Cronbach mostrou alta consistência interna (α> 0,98) em quase todas as subescalas, o que significa que o instrumento adaptado para o português brasileiro pode ser utilizado de forma confiável. No estudo piloto, um efeito de idade foi encontrado no escore total e nos escores da subescala LUI, ou seja, quanto mais velhas as crianças, menos gestos foram utilizados e mais palavras, construções sintáticas foram produzidas. Conclusão A versão brasileira do questionário LUI pareceu ser uma tradução fiel do instrumento original e confiável para avaliar a pragmática da linguagem de pré-escolares. Após futuras análises pormenorizadas, permitirá o diagnóstico precoce e a intervenção em crianças com distúrbios de linguagem.

Inventario PID-5, perfil dimensional del DSM5 para orientar el diagnóstico y las necesidades terapéuticas en los trastornos de personalidad / The PID -5 Inventory: the dimensional profile of DSM5 to guide diagnosis and therapeutic needs in personality disorders

El Inventario PID-5 de la American Psychiatric Association, evalúa la personalidad y sus trastornos desde el modelo dimensional de rasgos (DSM-5 Sección III), orientando el diagnóstico y las necesidades terapéuticas individuales. Analizamos la utilidad de su aplicación en pacientes derivados a un Hospital de Día para Trastornos de Personalidad (Clústers B y C). En la muestra de 85 sujetos, 51 % son Trastorno Límite (TLP) y 47 % Trastorno de Personalidad No Especificado/Mixto (TPNE/TPM), presentando el 65 % trastornos clínicos comórbidos. Del grupo TLP 89 % son mujeres, 53 % menores de 30 años; en el PID-5 presentan un perfil de mayor gravedad, destacando los Dominios Afecto Negativo y Desinhibición, y las facetas depresión, impulsividad, anhedonia y distraibilidad. Presentan mayor intensidad de síntomas límite (Cuestionario BEST), utilizan menos estrategias de afrontamiento de síntomas y más estrategias de evitación (Cuestionario COPE-28). En el TPNE/TPM, el 58 % son mujeres, 80 % mayores de 30 años, en su perfil del PID-5 destaca afectividad negativa, especialmente la faceta ansiedad. Ambos grupos muestran rasgos límites y evitativos en el screening IPDE. El PID-5 se ha mostrado útil para confirmar diagnósticos específicos (TLP), también para describir el perfil de rasgos y plantear las necesidades terapéuticas concretas tanto en TLP como en TPNE/TPM

The PID-5 Inventory of the American Psychiatric Association evaluates personality and related disorders based on the dimensional trait model (DSM-5 Section III), which guides individual diagnosis and therapeutic needs. We analysed its usefulness as it was applied to patients that had been referred to a Day Hospital for Personality Disorders. In the sample of 85 subjects, 51 % had Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), and 47 % had Personality Disorder NOS or Mixed (PD-NOS/MP), 65 % presenting comorbid clinical disorders. Among the BPD group, 89 % were women, 53 % were under 30 years old; they presented a PID-5 profile of greater severity, the Negative Affect and Disinhibition Domains stood out, as well as the facets of depression, impulsivity, anhedonia and distraction. Their borderline symptoms (BEST scale) were of greater intensity, they used fewer symptom coping strategies and more avoidance strategies (COPE-28 inventory). Among the PD-NOS/MP group, 58 % are women, 80 % were aged over 30 years, and negative affectivity, especially anxiety, stood out in their PID-5 profile. Both groups show borderline and avoidant features in the IPDE screening. The PID-5 was useful for confirming specific diagnoses (BPD), for describing the trait profile as well as proposing the specific therapeutic needs of both BPD and PD-NOS/MP patients

Dependency, mood instability, and inconsequence traits for discriminating borderline personality disorder / Traços de dependência, instabilidade de humor e inconsequência para discriminação do transtorno da personalidade borderline

Abstract Introduction Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is one of the most widely studied personality disorders (PDs). It recurrently shows traits of emotional lability, anxiety, separation insecurity, depressiveness, impulsiveness, risk exposure, and hostility, mainly affecting the domains of negative affectivity and antagonism. Objectives To investigate the most discriminant dimensions of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory (Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade 2 [IDCP-2]) to distinguish people diagnosed with BPD from people without this diagnosis. Methods A total of 305 participants were included in this study: psychiatric outpatients diagnosed with BPD (n = 30), psychiatric outpatients diagnosed with other PDs (n = 75), and a community sample (n = 200). BPD traits were assessed using the dependency, mood instability, and inconsequence dimensions of the IDCP-2. Results Analysis of variance (ANOVA) comparisons indicated highest mean measures in the BPD group, and mood instability factors were the most discriminant ones when considering all groups. Applying the multiple regression analysis, we found an adjusted r 2 = 0.50, and hopelessness was the most predictive measure (β = 0.32; t = 6.19; p < 0.001). Conclusions We found discriminatory capacity for factors of all dimensions, although at different levels, and more consistent results to discriminate the BPD group from the community sample.

Resumo Introdução O transtorno da personalidade borderline (TPB) tem sido um dos transtornos de personalidade (TPs) mais estudados. O TPB recorrentemente apresenta traços de instabilidade emocional, ansiedade, insegurança de separação, depressividade, impulsividade, exposição ao risco e hostilidade, afetando principalmente os domínios relacionados à afetividade negativa e ao antagonismo. Objetivos Investigar as dimensões mais discriminativas do Inventário Dimensional Clínico da Personalidade 2 (IDCP-2) para distinguir pessoas diagnosticadas com TPB de pessoas sem esse diagnóstico. Métodos Foram incluídos no estudo 305 participantes: pacientes psiquiátricos com TPB (n = 30), pacientes psiquiátricos com outros TPs (n = 75) e amostra da população geral (n = 200). Os traços de TPB foram avaliados utilizando as dimensões dependência, instabilidade de humor e inconsequência do IDCP-2. Resultados As comparações com análise de variância (ANOVA) indicaram que o grupo TPB apresentou as maiores médias, e os fatores da dimensão instabilidade de humor foram os mais discriminativos ao se comparar os três grupos. Usando a análise de regressão múltipla, foi encontrado um r 2 ajustado = 0,50, e o fator desesperança foi o mais preditivo (β = 0,32; t = 6,19; p < 0,001). Conclusões Foi encontrada capacidade discriminativa para fatores de todas as dimensões, embora em diferentes níveis, e resultados mais consistentes quanto à discriminação foram observados para a distinção entre o grupo com TPB e a população geral.

Prevalence of psychopathological features in South American prison using the Personality Assessment Inventory / Prevalencia de características psciopatológicas en prisiones sudamericanas medida con el "Inventario de evaluación de la personalidad"

There is insufficient information available regarding the psychopathological characteristics of the prison population in low-middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the current prevalence of psychiatric symptoms and pathological personality traits among sentenced male prisoners from two Ecuadorian prisons. A sample of 675 individuals aged 18-75 years (M= 35.58, SD= 10.57) was assessed using the Spanish adaptation of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). Current prevalence was 69.9% for at least one of the studied clinical syndromes. The most prevalent clinical syndromes were Alcohol problems (33.6%), Mania (32.3%), Drug problems (27.9%), Antisocial features (23.8%), Paranoia (21.4%), Schizophrenia (19.5%), and Somatic complaints (17.7%). Comorbidity was found in 49.8% of the sample. Taken together, Alcohol problems and Drug problems accounted for the highest prevalence (55.8% to 71.4%) among individuals with clinically significant scores in each of the syndromes analyzed. Further studies regarding the influence of the variables related to the prison context on the mental health of inmates will increase the usefulness of the findings

La información sobre la salud mental de la población penitenciaria en países con ingresos medios y bajos es reducida. El objetivo del estudio fue estimar la prevalencia actual de síntomas psiquiátricos y rasgos de personalidad patológicos en hombres que cumplen condena en dos prisiones ecuatorianas. Una muestra de 675 individuos, de 18 a 75 años de edad (M= 35,58; DT= 10,57), fue evaluada con la adaptación española del "Inventario de evaluación de la personalidad" (PAI). La prevalencia actual fue del 69,9% en al menos uno de los síndromes clínicos estudiados. Los síndromes clínicos más prevalentes fueron problemas con el alcohol (33,6%), manía (32,3%), problemas con las drogas (27,9%), rasgos antisociales (23,8%), paranoia (21,4%), esquizofrenia (19,5%) y quejas somáticas (17,7%). Además, se detectó comorbilidad en el 49,8% de la muestra. Los problemas con el alcohol y las drogas obtuvieron conjuntamente las mayores proporciones (55,8%-71,4%) del total de participantes con puntuaciones clínicamente relevantes en cada síndrome analizado. El estudio del efecto del contexto carcelario en la salud mental de los individuos potenciará la utilidad de estos hallazgos

Short form of the Spanish adaptation of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory / Versión breve de la adaptación española del State-Trait Anxiety Inventory

Background/Objective: The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) is one of the assessment instruments that are most widely used by psychologists around the world and is the seventh most broadly used by clinical psychologists in Spain. Although several short forms of the STAI have been developed since its creation, none are available for the Spanish general population. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a short form of the STAI. Method: To achieve this, we administered the full STAI to 1,157 healthy adults, and 30 patients with generalized anxiety disorder. We conducted a discriminant analysis using such groups. Results: We obtained a selection of four items for state anxiety and four items for trait anxiety and compared it to other short forms through a confirmatory factor analysis. The short form obtained with the discriminant analysis showed the best fit for Spanish samples. Conclusions: these eight items can be used to facilitate the state and trait anxiety assessment (AU)

Antecedentes/objetivos: El State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) es uno de los instrumentos de evaluación más empleados por psicólogos en todo el mundo y el séptimo más utilizado por psicólogos clínicos en España. Desde su creación, se han llevado a cabo varias versiones breves del mismo; pese a ello, no existe ninguna para población general con muestra española. El objetivo del presente artículo es establecer y validar una versión breve. Método: Para ello, se aplicó el STAI completo a 1.157 adultos y 30 pacientes con trastorno de ansiedad generalizada. Mediante dichos grupos, se realizó un análisis discriminante. Resultados: Para la ansiedad estado y rasgo, respectivamente, se obtuvieron reducciones de cuatro ítems y se compararon con otras versiones breves mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio. La versión establecida mediante análisis discriminante muestra el mejor ajuste en muestra española. Conclusiones: estos ocho ítems pueden ser usados para facilitar la evaluación de la ansiedad estado y rasgo (AU)

Translation and adaptation into the Romanian language of the Personality-Related Position Requirements Form (PPRF) / Traducción y adaptación al rumano del Formulario de Requisitos del Puesto Relativos a Personalidad

The present research aimed at the translation and adaptation from English into the Romanian language of the Personality-Related Position Requirements Form (PPRF), developed by Raymark, Schmit, and Guion. Within it, the job of operational non-commissioned officer (NCO) employed in the mobile structures of the Romanian Gendarmerie was analyzed. Four subsamples of participants were used: two subsamples of subject-matter experts in relation to the analyzed job, 87 job incumbents, and 32 supervisors, one subsample with 133 analyzed job incumbents and one subsample composed of supervisors of the participants from the previously mentioned subsample. The vast majority of reliability coefficients calculated for evaluating the inter-rater agreement had very good values both for the inventory's dimensions and subdimensions. Regarding the concurrent criterion-related validity, acceptable results were found by using the partial- and full-weighting approaches for criterion-related validation of job analysis tools (AU)

Esta investigación aborda la traducción y adaptación del inglés al rumano del Formulario de Requisitos del Puesto Relativos a la Personalidad desarrollado por Raymark, Schmit y Guion. En este contexto se analiza el puesto de suboficial operativo en las estructuras de la gendarmería rumana. Se utilizaron cuatro submuestras de participantes: dos de expertos en el puesto analizados, 87 ocupantes del puesto y 32 supervisores, una submuestra con 133 ocupantes de los puestos analizados y otra con supervisors de los participantes de la submuestra previamente mencionada. La mayoría de los coeficientes de fiabilidad calculados para evaluar el acuerdo entre jueces tenia muy buenos valores tanto para las dimensiones como para las subdimensiones del inventario. En lo que respecta a la validez concurrente relacionada con el criterio se obtuvieron resultados aceptables utilizando los métodos de ponderación parcial y complete para la validación relacionada con el criterio de los intrumentos de análisis (AU)