[Cardiac rhythm in pupils during tests].

Variation pulsometry was used to study changes in the activity of cardiac rhythm regulating mechanisms in third-form pupils from a comprehensive school (a control group) and a gymnasium (a study group) under mental stress caused by the performance of mathematical tests. Two types of responses of the studied parameters: sympathetic (in the study group) and parasympathetic (in the control group), which were determined by the richness and intensity of an academic load and by the readiness of both categories of school-children, were identified.

Does one size fit all? Drug resistance and standard treatments: results of six tuberculosis programmes in former Soviet countries.

SETTING: After the collapse of the Soviet Union, countries in the region faced a dramatic increase in tuberculosis cases and the emergence of drug resistance. OBJECTIVE: To discuss the relevance of the DOTS strategy in settings with a high prevalence of drug resistance. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of one-year treatment outcomes of short-course chemotherapy (SCC) and results of drug susceptibility testing (DST) surveys of six programmes located in the former Soviet Union: Kemerovo prison, Russia; Abkhasia, Georgia; Nagorno-Karabagh, Azerbaijan; Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan; Dashoguz Velayat, Turkmenistan; and South Kazakhstan Oblast, Kazakhstan. Results are reported for new and previously treated smear-positive patients. RESULTS: Treatment outcomes of 3090 patients and DST results of 1383 patients were collected. Treatment success rates ranged between 87% and 61%, in Nagorno-Karabagh and Kemerovo, respectively, and failure rates between 7% and 23%. Any drug resistance ranged between 66% and 31% in the same programmes. MDR rates ranged between 28% in Karakalpakstan and Kemerovo prison and 4% in Nagorno-Karabagh. CONCLUSION: These results show the limits of SCC in settings with a high prevalence of drug resistance. They demonstrate that adapting treatment according to resistance patterns, access to reliable culture, DST and good quality second-line drugs are necessary.

[Synaptosomal degradation of neuropeptides]. / Sinaptosomnoe rasshcheplenie neiropeptidov.

Proteolytic conversions of some neuropeptides possessing neurotransmitter and neuromodulator properties were studied on the synaptosomal plasma membrane level. The main goal was to describe the peptide bonds being primarily hydrolysed by membrane peptidases. The analysis of the accumulated data allowed one to make some summarizing conclusions about properties of the enzyme system responsible for the biological inactivation of the peptides in synapsis.

[Potential difference across subcellular particle membranes. II. Compensation method of measurement]. / Raznost' potentsialov na membrane subkletochnykh chastits. II. Kompensatsionnyi metod izmerniia

"Zero-loop" of the molecular potential transformer of submitochondrial particles (SMP) is separated from the remaining electron transfer chain by rotenone, and its e.m.f. ET=0,003+RT/2F in [NADP X H] [NAD+]/[NADP+] [NAD X H] volts is used in the compensative method of measurement of the potential difference across the SMP membrane (delta USMP). The phospholipid membrane, measuring the concentration of the penetrating anions in the solution contained SMP, is used as "zero-indicators". This concentration drops monotonically with increase in delta USMP. Delta USMP is equal to ET when the addition of substrates of transhydrogenase reaction with definite ET does not change the potential across phospholipid membrane.

[Potential difference across subcellular particle membranes. I. Chemiosmotic and chemielectric mechanism of generation]. / Raznost' potentsialov na membrane subkletochnykh chastits. I. Khemiosmoticheskii i khemiélektricheskii mekhanizm generatsii

Transformation of light energy, of substrate oxidation and ATP hydrolysis energy into electric form during both oxidative and photo-phosphorylation can be described not only by means of chemiosmotic but also by chemielectric hypothesis. The latter hypothesis supposes, that dehydrated protons are taken up by electrostatic forces into the inner part of the membrane. Protons move into the input channels following electrons driven by chemical forces. Inside the membrane H+-ions are released into the output channels when electrons are transferred to the next electron carriers. Output H+-channels eject protons towards the other side of the membrane along the gradient of rising polarization of the channels. The inner resistance of chemielectric potential generators is lower than that of chemiosmotic one. A model of chemielectric mechanism is proposed. According to this mechanism electrons driving protons move along nonheme iron proteins and H+-ions are released into the output channels from semiquinones and hydroquinones.

[Night sleep in facial hemispasm and paraspasm]. / Nochnoi son pri litsevykh gemispazme i paraspazme.

Polarography was employed to study natural nocturnal sleep in 22 patients with facial paraspasm and in 18 patients with facial hemispasm. It has been shown that a pathogenetically significant factor in this pathology are interrelations between the systems of physical and tonic activation where changes specific for each pattern of the hyperkinetic syndrome could be seen. Physical motor hyperactivity forms a characteristic motor-activation pattern in each form. This enables one to discuss not only the mechanisms of the development but also may serve an effective criterion for the diagnosis.

[Hysterical hyperkineses]. / Istericheskie giperkinezy.

A clinico-laboratory study has involved 42 patients with hysterical hyperkineses. The data obtained have made it possible to identify four stages of the diagnosis which are important fo clinical identification and differential diagnosis. Correlation between the pathogenetic mechanisms of hysterical hyperkineses and the mechanisms of the psychogenesis of hysterical neurosis has been demonstrated. The results obtained have made it possible to come closer to the understanding of the complex neurophysiological and psychophysiological substrate participating in the symptom formation of hysterical hyperkineses.

[Facial hemispasm]. / Litsevoi gemispazm.

Using methods of clinical, psychometric and electropolygraphic examination 36 patients with facial hemispasm (FH) were studied in the sleep-awakening cycle. The authors describe neurodynamic shifts at both peripheral and supranuclear levels of facial innervation. These shifts were correlated with the severity and side of damage. Different levels of the nervous system, including the brain stem and cerebral non-specific formations, were involved in the pathogenesis of FH.

[An increase in the rate of proteolysis in vitro after treatment with oxidized glutathione]. / Uvelichenie skorosti rasshchepleniia belkov in vitro pod vliianiem okislennogo glutationa.

The effect of the formation of mixed disulphides--protein-glutathione--on the proteolysis rate was studied using soluble fractions of proteins from different rat tissues as substrates. It was shown that the binding of oxidized glutathione to proteins increases the proteolysis rate under the effect of trypsin and chymotrypsin. When the concentration of oxidized glutathione is 5.10(-4) M a 1.2-1.4-fold increase in the proteolysis rate is registered and when the concentration is 5.10(-3) M a 1.4-1.8 fold increase is observed.

[Glutathione disulfide inhibits degradation of substance P induced by synaptosomal plasma membranes]. / Disul'fid glutationa podavliaet rasshcheplenie veshchestva P pod deistviem sinaptosomal'nykh plazmaticheskikh membran.

The effects of phosphorylation, ribosylation of proteins and formation of protein-mixed disulfides on substance P degradation under the action of synaptosomal plasma membranes were studied. It was found that only the formation of mixed disulfides between membrane proteins and oxidized glutathione affected (inhibited) the peptide degradation process. Using an oxidized glutathione fluorescent derivative, it was shown that a 50% inhibition occurs as a result of binding of 2 nmol of the glutathione residue to 1 mg of the membrane protein.