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Background and Aims: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in pediatric cardiac intensive care unit (CICU). This study aims to identify the prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of AKI in pediatrics admitted to a CICU unit of a tertiary hospital. Methods: We retrospectively gathered the data of 253 randomly selected patients admitted to the CICU unit from March 2018 to March 2022. Data were collected from EHRs. We used the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria for identifying AKI in patients. Results: Overall, AKI prevalence was 22.9% in our population. In the multivariable analysis, vancomycin intake (odds ratio [OR]: 2.109, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15-3.84), angiography (OR: 4.38, 95% CI: 1.28-14.93), and mechanical ventilation (OR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.02-4.23) were independent risk factors of AKI development and patients with AKI had a higher in-hospital mortality rate (OR: 5.81, 95% CI: 2.55-13.19), higher need for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (OR: 3.08, 95% CI: 1.17-8.09), and longer ICU length of stay (OR: 6.49, 95% CI: 3.31-9.67). Furthermore, furosemide administration was associated with lower risk of developing AKI (OR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.27-0.97). Conclusion: AKI is common and is associated with worse outcomes in patients with congenital heart disease. Our results emphasize the importance of early identification and monitoring of AKI in the pediatric CICU setting.
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INTRODUCTION: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is an important mediator of the inflammatory response in serious bacterial infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of urinary TNF-alpha for diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted from March 2006 to December 2007 on children with confirmed diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis. They all had positive renal scintigraphy scans for pyelonephritis and leukocyturia. The ratios of urinary TNF-alpha to urine creatinine level were determined and compared in patients before and after antibiotic therapy. RESULTS: Eighty-two children (13 boys and 69 girls) with acute pyelonephritis were evaluated. The mean pretreatment ratio of urinary TNF-alpha to urinary creatinine level was higher than that 3 days after starting on empirical treatment (P = .03). The sensitivity of this parameter was 91% for diagnosis of acute pyelonephritis when compared with demercaptosuccinic acid renal scintigraphy as gold standard. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our findings in children, the level of urinary TNF-alpha-creatinine ratio is acute increased in pyelonephritis and it decreases after appropriate therapy with a high sensitivity for early diagnosis of the disease. Further research is warranted for shedding light on the potential diagnostic role of urinary TNF-alpha in pyelonephritis in children.