Severe placental lesions due to maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection associated to intrauterine fetal death.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can cause severe placental lesions leading rapidly to intrauterine fetal death (IUFD). From August 2020 to September 2021, in the pathology department of Toulouse Oncopole, we analyzed 50 placentas from COVID-19-positive unvaccinated mothers. The purpose of our study is to describe the clinicopathological characteristics of these placental damages and to understand the pathophysiology. Ten of them (20%) showed placental lesions with positive immunohistochemistry for SARS-CoV-2 in villous trophoblasts. In five cases (10%), we observed massive placental damage associating trophoblastic necrosis, fibrinous deposits, intervillositis, as well as extensive hemorrhagic changes due to SARS-CoV-2 infection probably responsible of IUFD by functional placental insufficiency. In five other cases, we found similar placental lesions but with a focal distribution that did not lead to IUFD but live birth. These lesions are independent of maternal clinical severity of COVID-19 infection because they occur despite mild maternal symptoms and are therefore difficult to predict. In our cases, they occurred 1-3 weeks after positive SARS-CoV-2 maternal real-time polymerase chain reaction testing and were observed in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancies. When these lesions are focal, they do not lead to IUFD and can be involved in intrauterine growth restriction. Our findings, together with recent observations, suggest that future pregnancy guidance should include stricter pandemic precautions such as screening for a wider array of COVID-19 symptoms, enhanced ultrasound monitoring, as well as newborn medical surveillance.

[Ophthalmic disease in diabetes mellitus: management from primary health care]. / Oftalmopatía en la diabetes mellitus: detección desde la Atención Primaria de salud.

OBJECTIVE: To study the feasibility of a basic ophthalmological examination for the eye disease in diabetic patients by Primary Health Care (PHC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A multi-centre prospective study. A sample of 712 type 2 diabetics. INTERVENTIONS: Visual acuity examination, intraocular pressure measurement and the eye fundus photograph with a non-mydriatic camera taken by an optometrist. The interpretation and subsequent referral to an ophthalmology department by ophthalmologists and general practitioners (GP). RESULTS: Visual acuity deficiency: GP, 43.7%; ophthalmologist, 36.1%; concordance, 70%; glaucoma suspicion: GP, 8.8%; ophthalmologist, 7.6%; concordance, 94%; diabetic retinopathy: GP, 28.2%; ophthalmologist, 13.4%; concordance, 78%. Ophthalmology Department referral: GP, 56.8%; ophthalmologist, 41.3% (P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Agreement between GP and ophthalmologist leads to a reliable ophthalmological examination of the diabetic patient in PHC. Despite an over-diagnosis and 16% of non-justified referrals by the GP, Ophthalmology Department referral is avoided in almost half of the diabetic patients.

Oftalmopatía en la diabetes mellitus: detección desde la Atención Primaria de salud / Ophthalmic disease in diabetes mellitus: Management from primary health care

ObjetivoConocer la viabilidad de la realización de la exploración oftalmológica básica de la patología ocular del paciente diabético desde el ámbito de la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS).DiseñoEstudio transversal observacional prospectivo y multicéntrico.Participantes y métodoMuestra de 712 diabéticos tipo II. Intervenciones: realización, por parte de un optometrista, de una exploración de la agudeza visual, medición de la presión intraocular y fotografía de fondo de ojo con cámara de retina no midriática. Interpretación de los resultados e indicación de derivación realizada, a doble ciego, por oftalmólogos y médicos APS.ResultadosAlteración agudeza visual: médico APS 43,7%, oftalmólogo 36,1%, concordancia 70%; sospecha glaucoma: médico APS 8,8%, oftalmólogo 7,6%, concordancia 94%; retinopatía diabética: médico APS 28,2%, oftalmólogo 13,4%, concordancia 78%. Derivación Servicios Oftalmología: médico APS 56,8%, oftalmólogo 41,3% (p=0,001).ConclusionesEl nivel de concordancia en los diagnósticos entre médico APS y oftalmólogo hace fiable la exploración oftalmológica del paciente diabético desde el ámbito de la APS. A pesar del supradiagnóstico y del 16% de derivación no justificada realizada por parte del médico APS, se evita la derivación a las consultas de oftalmología, de cerca de la mitad de los pacientes diabéticos(AU)

ObjectiveTo study the feasibility of a basic ophthalmological examination for the eye disease in diabetic patients by Primary Health Care (PHC).InterventionsVisual acuity examination, intraocular pressure measurement and the eye fundus photograph with a non-mydriatic camera taken by an optometrist. The interpretation and subsequent referral to an ophthalmology department by ophthalmologists and general practitioners (GP).ResultsVisual acuity deficiency: GP, 43.7%; ophthalmologist, 36.1%; concordance, 70%; glaucoma suspicion: GP, 8.8%; ophthalmologist, 7.6%; concordance, 94%; diabetic retinopathy: GP, 28.2%; ophthalmologist, 13.4%; concordance, 78%. Ophthalmology Department referral: GP, 56.8%; ophthalmologist, 41.3% (P=0.001).ConclusionsAgreement between GP and ophthalmologist leads to a reliable ophthalmological examination of the diabetic patient in PHC. Despite an over-diagnosis and 16% of non-justified referrals by the GP, Ophthalmology Department referral is avoided in almost half of the diabetic patients(AU)