Long-Term Oncological and Functional Outcomes After Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy for Clinically Localized Renal Cell Carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate long-term oncological and renal function outcomes in patients treated with robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) for renal cell carcinoma (RCC). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients undergoing RAPN for clinically localized RCC between January 2014 and December 2019 at a tertiary robotic reference center were evaluated. Clinical course, pathologic characteristics, and long-term outcomes were obtained from our institutional review board-approved RCC database. RESULTS: A total of 234 patients were available for analysis. Median follow-up was 46 months (10.8-97.8 months), with 77 patients (32.9%) having at least 5-years of follow-up. Pathology revealed clear-cell RCC in 67.5% (n = 158). Among unfavorable factors, nuclear grades 3 or 4 were found in 67 (29.4%), lymphovascular invasion in 10 (4.3%), positive surgical margins in 22 (9.4%), necrosis in 21 (9%), and sarcomatoid pattern in 2 patients (0.9%). At 12 months, mean serum creatinine was 1.04 mg/dL and 12.9% of patients experienced upstaging in chronic kidney disease. Overall recurrence-free survival at 5-years was 97.8%. There were five local (2.1%) and two distant (0.9%) recurrences, none of them resulting in cancer-specific death. Median time to recurrence was 20 months (11-64 months). Warm ischemia time [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.14, p = 0.034] and sarcomatoid pattern (HR = 124.57, p = 0.001) were the only variables associated with local relapse. CONCLUSIONS: Data from this large cohort demonstrate that patients undergoing RAPN have a low incidence of local and distant relapse, resulting in excellent long-term survival while preserving stable renal function in most patients.

Comparative Analysis of Very Reduced vs Full Dose BCG Treatment for High-Risk Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Contemporary Experience from Chile.

BACKGROUND: Adjuvant bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is recommended for high-risk (HR) non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), but BCG shortages have led to exploration of reduced-dose regimens and shortened maintenance durations out of necessity, with limited data on treatment efficacy in Latin America. OBJECTIVE: Oncological outcomes of HR-NMIBC patients treated with reduced (RD,1/4th dose) vs full dose (FD) BCG instillations of Danish Strain 1331 BCG. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of HR-NMIBC patients treated with BCG between 2003 and 2022 at our center in Santiago Chile. We stratified patients according to either RD (1/4th dose) or FD BCG. Univariate and multivariable Cox regression models were used to predict recurrence. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival estimates. RESULTS: Of a total of 200 patients, 116 (58%) had RD and 84 (42%) FD BCG. Median follow-up was 57 months (IQR: 29-100). Patients who received FD BCG had a lower risk of recurrence (HR: 0.41, 95% CI 0.22-0.74) and high-grade (HG)-recurrence (HR: 0.30, 95% CI 0.15-0.61; p = 0.001). More patients in the RD vs FD group progressed to MIBC (10/84 vs 2/116; p = 0.18). Additionally, patients were less likely to stop BCG treatment in the RD group compared to the FD group due to toxicity (5% vs 11%, p = 0.14). CONCLUSIONS: A 1/4th dose of Danish Strain 1331 BCG treatment was associated with worse recurrence free rate and HG-recurrence rate in our cohort. Patients with RD had lower discontinuation treatment rates due to a reduced toxicity profile. These findings would suggest that RD BCG would compromise oncological outcomes in HR-NMIBC patients.

Impact of arsenic exposure on clinicopathological characteristics of bladder cancer: A comparative study between patients from an arsenic-exposed region and nonexposed reference sites.

BACKGROUND: Beyond exposure to arsenic in drinking-water, there is few information about demographic and clinicopathological features of patients with bladder cancer living in arsenic-exposed regions. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of arsenic exposure on clinicopathological characteristics in patients with bladder cancer from a contaminated region compared to those of 2 reference areas. METHODS: Data of 285 patients with bladder cancer (83 with arsenic exposure from Antofagasta and 202 controls from 2 different sites in Santiago) were obtained through personal interviews and from review of medical records. Demographic, clinicopathological parameters, and information on relevant environmental risk factors were compared with parametric and nonparametric tests as needed. Multivariable analysis was performed to identify independent predictors for high grade and muscle-invasive disease (T2-4). RESULTS: We found no significant differences between groups regarding age at presentation (66.4 vs. 66.5 and 67.2 years; P = 0.69, for exposed vs. the 2 nonexposed groups, respectively) and female gender (28.9% vs. 29.8% and 26.2%; P = 0.84). Proportion of current smokers was significantly lower in the exposed population (10.7% vs. 38.6% and 26.9%; P < 0.001). There was a significantly higher proportion of locally advanced (10.8 vs. 1.8 and 0.7% T3/4; P = 0.002) and high-grade tumors (79.5% vs. 63.2% and 64.1%; P = 0.001) within arsenic-exposed patients. Arsenic exposure was the only significant predictor for the presence of high-grade tumors (adjusted OR: 5.10; 95%CI: 2.03-12.77) on multivariable analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed relevant clinical differences in bladder cancer patients with a history of arsenic exposure as compared to nonexposed cases. The more aggressive phenotype associated to arsenic-related bladder cancer should be considered when designing efficient screening strategies for this high-risk population.

Adaptation to Extreme Environments in an Admixed Human Population from the Atacama Desert.

Inorganic arsenic (As) is a toxic xenobiotic and carcinogen associated with severe health conditions. The urban population from the Atacama Desert in northern Chile was exposed to extremely high As levels (up to 600 µg/l) in drinking water between 1958 and 1971, leading to increased incidence of urinary bladder cancer (BC), skin cancer, kidney cancer, and coronary thrombosis decades later. Besides, the Andean Native-American ancestors of the Atacama population were previously exposed for millennia to elevated As levels in water (∼120 µg/l) for at least 5,000 years, suggesting adaptation to this selective pressure. Here, we performed two genome-wide selection tests-PBSn1 and an ancestry-enrichment test-in an admixed population from Atacama, to identify adaptation signatures to As exposure acquired before and after admixture with Europeans, respectively. The top second variant selected by PBSn1 was associated with LCE4A-C1orf68, a gene that may be involved in the immune barrier of the epithelium during BC. We performed association tests between the top PBSn1 hits and BC occurrence in our population. The strongest association (P = 0.012) was achieved by the LCE4A-C1orf68 variant. The ancestry-enrichment test detected highly significant signals (P = 1.3 × 10-9) mapping MAK16, a gene with important roles in ribosome biogenesis during the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the genetic factors involved in adaptation to the pathophysiological consequences of As exposure.

Cat scratch disease in Medellín, Colombia.

Cat scratch disease (CSD) is the most common zoonosis transmitted by household animals. There is limited data on the epidemiology and clinical presentation of this disease in Colombia. The typical presentation includes subacute or chronic lymph node infection following inoculation of Bartonella henselae bacilli through a cat scratch. Cats have a B. henselae seroprevalence as high as 90%. Here, we report the case of a preschool boy from a rural area of Antioquia, Colombia, who presented with chronic lymphadenopathy in the right axilla. Other important infectious etiologies were ruled out, and confirmation was made with the Warthin Starry stain of a lymph node biopsy. We also discuss the most important aspects of the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the disease.

IFNgamma response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, risk of infection and disease in household contacts of tuberculosis patients in Colombia.

OBJECTIVES: Household contacts (HHCs) of pulmonary tuberculosis patients are at high risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and early disease development. Identification of individuals at risk of tuberculosis disease is a desirable goal for tuberculosis control. Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) using specific M. tuberculosis antigens provide an alternative to tuberculin skin testing (TST) for infection detection. Additionally, the levels of IFNgamma produced in response to these antigens may have prognostic value. We estimated the prevalence of M. tuberculosis infection by IGRA and TST in HHCs and their source population (SP), and assessed whether IFNgamma levels in HHCs correlate with tuberculosis development. METHODS: A cohort of 2060 HHCs was followed for 2-3 years after exposure to a tuberculosis case. Besides TST, IFNgamma responses to mycobacterial antigens: CFP, CFP-10, HspX and Ag85A were assessed in 7-days whole blood cultures and compared to 766 individuals from the SP in Medellín, Colombia. Isoniazid prophylaxis was not offered to child contacts because Colombian tuberculosis regulations consider it only in children under 5 years, TST positive without BCG vaccination. RESULTS: Using TST 65.9% of HHCs and 42.7% subjects from the SP were positive (OR 2.60, p<0.0001). IFNgamma response to CFP-10, a biomarker of M. tuberculosis infection, tested positive in 66.3% HHCs and 24.3% from the SP (OR = 6.07, p<0.0001). Tuberculosis incidence rate was 7.0/1000 person years. Children <5 years accounted for 21.6% of incident cases. No significant difference was found between positive and negative IFNgamma responders to CFP-10 (HR 1.82 95% CI 0.79-4.20 p = 0.16). However, a significant trend for tuberculosis development amongst high HHC IFNgamma producers was observed (trend Log rank p = 0.007). DISCUSSION: CFP-10-induced IFNgamma production is useful to establish tuberculosis infection prevalence amongst HHC and identify those at highest risk of disease. The high tuberculosis incidence amongst children supports administration of chemoprophylaxis to child contacts regardless of BCG vaccination.

Relaciones endoperiodontales: una frontera transitable / Endoperiodontal relationships: a passable border

La existencia de una íntima conexión entre el conducto radicular y el ligamento periodontal, ha dado lugar a lo que se conoce como relaciones endoperiodontales. Esto se debe a la presencia de varias vías anatómicas de comunicación entre ambas entidades: el foramen apical, los forámenes laterales pertenecientes a conductos accesorios y conductillos dentinarios en zonas de ausencia del cemento dentario protector. Los microorganismos y sus agentes tóxicos tienen la capacidad de afectar ambos tejidos en esa interrelación física y biológica. El diagnóstico diferencial entre enfermedad endodóntica y periodontal es de vital importancia para la elección del tratamiento y el pronóstico a distancia.

The intimate connection between the root canal and theperiodontal ligament generates a concept that is known asendo-periodontal relationships. This is due to the presence ofseveral anatomical communications between them: apical foramen,lateral foramina and dentinal tubules denuded of theircementum coverage. Microorganisms and their toxic agentscan affect both tissues due to this physical and biological interrelation.Proper differential between endodontic and periodontaletiology is vital to the accurate choice of treatment andfor the long term prognosis.

Abnormal humoral immune response to influenza vaccination in pediatric type-1 human immunodeficiency virus infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Given that highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been demonstrated useful to restore immune competence in type-1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1)-infected subjects, we evaluated the specific antibody response to influenza vaccine in a cohort of HIV-1-infected children on HAART so as to analyze the quality of this immune response in patients under antiretroviral therapy. Sixteen HIV-1-infected children and 10 HIV-1 seronegative controls were immunized with a commercially available trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine containing the strains A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B. Serum hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) antibody titers were determined for the three viral strains at the time of vaccination and 1 month later. Immunization induced a significantly increased humoral response against the three influenza virus strains in controls, and only against A/H3N2 in HIV-1-infected children. The comparison of post-vaccination HI titers between HIV-1+ patients and HIV-1 negative controls showed significantly higher HI titers against the three strains in controls. In addition, post vaccination protective HI titers (defined as equal to or higher than 1:40) against the strains A/H3N2 and B were observed in a lower proportion of HIV-1+ children than in controls, while a similar proportion of individuals from each group achieved protective HI titers against the A/H1N1 strain. The CD4+ T cell count, CD4/CD8 T cells ratio, and serum viral load were not affected by influenza virus vaccination when pre- vs post-vaccination values were compared. These findings suggest that despite the fact that HAART is efficient in controlling HIV-1 replication and in increasing CD4+ T cell count in HIV-1-infected children, restoration of immune competence and response to cognate antigens remain incomplete, indicating that additional therapeutic strategies are required to achieve a full reconstitution of immune functions.

Nefrectomía parcial single-port apoyada con el uso de pinza magnética robótica / Partial nephrectomy single-port supported by the use of robotic magnetic clamp

La Nefrectomía parcial es la técnica quirúrgica ideal en tumores T1 si técnicamente es posible, preservando una mayor cantidad de tejido renal funcional. El abordaje laparoscópico se asocia a menores tiempos de hospitalización, menor dolor y reinserción laboral precoz. El apoyo del abordaje single-port (LESS) se asocia a menos dolor y mejores resultados estéticos, pero conlleva a una mayor complejidad técnica, sin embargo esta dificultad puede ser eliminada con el apoyo robótico, conservando los beneficios de la técnica single port. La tecnología magnética LEVITA facilita aún mas la técnica, pudiendo ser utilizada también en cirugía laparoscópica convencional. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Presentamos el caso de un paciente de sexo masculino de 64 años, sin antecedentes mórbidos, con hallazgo incidental de tumor renal de 1.6 x 1.5 cm en polo inferior izquierdo, R.E.N.A.L. score 6P. Se realizó nefrectomía parcial robóticamente asistida single port. El tiempo operatorio fue de 270 minutos, sangrado estimado de 200cc. Los márgenes fueron negativos. La creatinina en el último control (1.0 mg/dl) es similar a la preoperatoria inmediata (0.9 mg/dl). CONCLUSIONES: La Nefrectomía parcial robóticamente asistida utilizando solo una incisión permite disminuir la morbilidad perioperatoria y mejorar los resultados cosméticos sin que esto signifique una mayor complejidad en la técnica quirúrgica. La tecnología magnética LEVITA es una herramienta útil a considerar en el arsenal del cirujano robótico / laparoscopista.(AU)

INTRODUCTION: Partial nephrectomy is the ideal surgical technique in T1 tumors if technically possible, preserving a greater amount of functional renal tissue. The laparoscopic approach is associated to shorter hospitalization time, less pain and early return to work. Support single-port approach is associated with less pain and better cosmetic results but leads to greater technical complexity. However, the latter difficulty can be eliminated with the robotic support, preserving the benefits of the single-port technique. The LEVITA magnetic technology makes it even easier to apply the technique, and can also be used in conventional laparoscopic surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We report the case of a 64-year old male patient without morbid history, with incidental 1.6 x 1.5 cm kidney tumor finding in the left lower pole, R.E.N.A.L. 6P score. Robot-assisted single port partial nephrectomy was performed. The operating time was 270 minutes, estimated blood loss of 200cc. The margins were negative. The ultimate creatinine control (1.0 mg / dl) is similar to the immediate preoperative (0.9 mg / dl). CONCLUSIONS: Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy using only one incision allows reduction of perioperative morbidity and improvement of cosmetic results without greater complexity in surgical technique. The LEVITA magnetic technology is a useful tool to consider in the arsenal of a robotic / laparoscopic surgeon.

Periodoncia y mecánica cuántica / Periodontics and quantum mechanics

A la luz de los conocimientos actuales relativos al mundo de la física, se analiza la etiología de la enfermedad periodontal, que podría condensarse en la palabra incertidumbre.

Periodoncia y mecánica cuántica / Periodontics and quantum mechanics

A la luz de los conocimientos actuales relativos al mundo de la física, se analiza la etiología de la enfermedad periodontal, que podría condensarse en la palabra incertidumbre.(AU)

El arte de curar: un paso más / The art of healing: one step further

La relación médico-paciente -cincuenta años atrás, armónica y adecuada para ambos- ha cambiado. Tanto en medicina como en odontología, vivimos en una época de disenso y desconfianza, caracterizada por los juicios de mala praxis. En este trabajo se esbozan algunas pautas para la recomposición del diálogo perdido

El arte de curar: un paso más / The art of healing: one step further

La relación médico-paciente -cincuenta años atrás, armónica y adecuada para ambos- ha cambiado. Tanto en medicina como en odontología, vivimos en una época de disenso y desconfianza, caracterizada por los juicios de mala praxis. En este trabajo se esbozan algunas pautas para la recomposición del diálogo perdido (AU)

Características clínicas de niños infectados por VIH atendidos en un hospital universitario en Medellín, Colombia, 1997-2005 / Clinical characteristics of HIV-infected children seen at a University Hospital in Medellin, Colombia, 1997-2005

Introducción: la infección por VIH en el niño ha sido diagnosticada en el mundo desde 1982 y en Colombia desde 1987; se ha convertido en un serio problema de salud pública, especialmente para la población infantil por sus implicaciones en el deterioro progresivo de la inmunidad celular y, en general, del estado de salud de los niños infectados. Se manifiesta con enfermedades infecciosas y no infecciosas, desnutrición secundaria y compromiso neurológico con deterioro del desarrollo psicomotor; todo ello puede dejar secuelas graves que afectan la calidad de vida y la ponen en riesgo.Métodos: se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo transversal a partir de las historias clínicas de los niños con diagnóstico de infección por VIH en el Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl de Medellín, Colombia, entre 1997 y 2005.Resultados: durante este período se diagnosticó la infección por VIH en 54 niños de los cuales 28 (51,9 por ciento) fueron del sexo femenino; sus edades estuvieron entre 24 días y 108 meses; 29 niños (53,7 por ciento) fueron casos índice. Veinticinco (46,3 por ciento) procedían de Medellín; 52 (96,3 por ciento) adquirieron verticalmente la infección; el estado clínico más frecuente fue el B (36; 66,7 por ciento); en cuanto al estado inmunológico hubo 17 niños (31,5 por ciento) en la categoría 3 o de inmunosupresión grave; 12 niños (22,2 por ciento) presentaron desnutrición grave cuando se comparó el peso con respecto a la edad y la neumonía ocurrió en 39 (72,2 por ciento) como primera manifestación clínica, seguida por el compromiso de los sistemas gastrointestinal, linfático, nervioso y renal; se hallaron también problemas hematológicos, compromiso cardíaco y manifestaciones cutáneas. La fiebre por encima de 38 ºC, sola o acompañada de otros síntomas o signos, se presentó en 38 pacientes (70,4 por ciento).

Abnormal humoral immune response to influenza vaccination in pediatric type-1 human immunodeficiency virus infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy

Given that highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been demonstrated useful to restore immune competence in type-1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1)-infected subjects, we evaluated the specific antibody response to influenza vaccine in a cohort of HIV-1-infected children on HAART so as to analyze the quality of this immune response in patients under antiretroviral therapy. Sixteen HIV-1-infected children and 10 HIV-1 seronegative controls were immunized with a commercially available trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine containing the strains A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B. Serum hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) antibody titers were determined for the three viral strains at the time of vaccination and 1 month later. Immunization induced a significantly increased humoral response against the three influenza virus strains in controls, and only against A/H3N2 in HIV-1-infected children. The comparison of post-vaccination HI titers between HIV-1+ patients and HIV-1 negative controls showed significantly higher HI titers against the three strains in controls. In addition, post vaccination protective HI titers (defined as equal to or higher than 1:40) against the strains A/H3N2 and B were observed in a lower proportion of HIV-1+ children than in controls, while a similar proportion of individuals from each group achieved protective HI titers against the A/H1N1 strain. The CD4+ T cell count, CD4/CD8 T cells ratio, and serum viral load were not affected by influenza virus vaccination when pre- vs post-vaccination values were compared. These findings suggest that despite the fact that HAART is efficient in controlling HIV-1 replication and in increasing CD4+ T cell count in HIV-1-infected children, restoration of immune competence and response to cognate antigens remain incomplete, indicating that additional therapeutic strategies are required to achieve a full reconstitution of immune functions.

La edad es un factor predictor independiente para recurrencia tumoral en el cáncer de vejiga no músculo invasor: resultados de una serie local / Age is an independent predictor for tumoral recurrence in non muscle-invasive bladder cancer: results of a local series

Introducción: El cáncer de vejiga es en su mayoría una enfermedad de pacientes de edad avanzada. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la edad como factor pronóstico en una cohorte de pacientes chilenos con cáncer de vejiga no músculo invasor. Material y métodos: Se revisaron retrospectivamente los registros clínicos de 107 pacientes tratados por un cáncer no-músculo invasor de vejiga confirmado histológicamente. Se determinaron asociaciones de la edad con parámetros clínicos e histopatológicos, así como con recurrencia y progresión tumoral. Finalmente se realizó un análisis multivariado para identificar factores predictores de los desenlaces mencionados. Resultados: La mediana de edad fue 65 años (rango 29-94). Se observó una significativa asociación de unos pacientes jóvenes con el tabaquismo activo. Por otro lado, los pacientes mayores a 65 años mostraron una asociación significativa con la presencia de recurrencia y progresión tumoral en el análisis univariado. Finalmente, una edad por sobre los 65 años fue el predictor independiente más importante para la recurrencia en el análisis multivariado, por sobre el estadío pT. Conclusiones: Existen varios factores clínicos y psicosociales que contribuyen al significativo poder predictor de una edad > 65 años en el pronóstico de un paciente con un cáncer de vejiga no músculo invasor. Por lo mismo, cada paciente debe ser evaluado en forma integral, tomando en cuenta las distintas dimensiones involucradas. En un escenario de progresivo envejecimiento de la población, el urólogo debe estar preparado para resolver adecuadamente esta situación.

Introduction: Bladder cancer is most frequently a disease of the elderly. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of age on prognosis in a cohort of Chilean patients with non muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Methods: The medical records of 107 patients treated for non muscle-invasive bladder cancer at our institution were retrospectively reviewed. Associations of age with clinical and histopathological parameters were assessed, as well as with tumoral recurrence and progression. Finally, a multivariate analysis was performed in order to identify predictive factors for the mentioned outcomes. Results: The median age was 65 years (range 29-94). Younger patients showed a significant association with an active smoking status. On the other hand, a significant association of age > 65 years with tumoral recurrence and progression was observed on univariate analysis. Age was also the most important predictive factor for recurrence on the multivariate analysis, even more than the pT stage. Conclusions: There are several clinical and psychosocial factors related to the significant predictive power of a higher age on the prognosis of patients with non muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Therefore, every patient should be assessed integrally, taking into account all the different dimensions involved. In an era of an aging population, the urologist must be prepared to handle with this situation.

¿Se justifica el uso rutinario de catéter ureteral post trasplante renal? / Is routinary ureteral stenting indicated in kidney transplant?

Introducción: El uso rutinario de de stent ureterales en trasplante renal (TR) es controvertido. Nosotros evaluamos la experiencia del stent selectivo basado en la decisión del cirujano comparando las tasas de complicaciones ureterales (filtración y/o obstrucción) en el grupo que recibió o (SU+) o no un stent (SU-). El objetivo del estudio es identificar factores de riesgo para filtración y/o obstrucción. Materiales y Métodos: Entre septiembre de 1994 y octubre de 2005, 160pacientes consecutivos se sometieron a un trasplante renal en nuestro centro. El uso de SU estuvo basado en la decisión del cirujano y fue insertado después de que un lado de la anastomosis estuvo completada. Se identificaron las complicaciones urológicas dentro de los primeros 90 días después del TR. Las complicaciones ureterales fueron definidas como: filtración, obstrucción, Infección del tracto urinario, lesión arterial y necrosis tubular aguda. Los datos demográficos fueron recolectados desde la revisión de fichas clínicas y base de datos computarizada de TR. Resultados: Se evaluaron 113 pacientes del grupo total. La incidencia global de complicaciones urológicas en este estudio fue de 8 por ciento (9), filtración fue vista en 5 por ciento (6), obstrucción en 3 por ciento (3) y 28 por ciento de TU entre los primeros 90 días después de un IR. Cuarenta y un pacientes (36 por ciento) recibieron un stent (SU+) y setenta y dos (64 por ciento) no (SU-). Los grupos fueron comparables. La frecuencia complicaciones ureterales (obstrucción, filtración y obstrucción más filtración) y de TU entre los grupos no mostró diferencia estadística. En el análisis univariado se demostró que la edad y sexo del receptor, edad del donante, la fuente del donante (cadáver o vivo), tiempo de isquemia (caliente y fría), presencia de NTA y lesiones arteriales no fueron asociadas con la presencia de obstrucción, filtración o ambas...

Introduction: Routine use of ureteral stent (US) after transplanstation remains controversial. We evaluate the experience of selective stent use based on surgeon decision comparing the ureteral complicationrates (leaking and / or obstruction) between the group receiving (US+) or another group without not astent (SU-). The aim of the study was to identify risk factors for leaking and / or obstruction in patients receiving ureteral stent after transplantation. Materials and Methods: Between September 1994 and October 2005, 160 consecutive patients underwent a renal transplant in our center. The use of US was based on the decision of the surgical team. Urological complications were identified within the first 90 days after RT. The ureteral complications were defined as: leaking, obstruction, urinary tract infection, arterial injury and acute tubular necrosis (ATN). Demographic data were collected prospectively and retrospectively analized from the review of clinical data base. Results: We evaluated 113 patients of the total group. The overall incidence of urological complications in this study was 8 percent (9), leaking was seen in 5 percent (6), obstruction in 3 percent (3) and 28 percent of the TU first 90days after an IR. Forty-one patients (36 percent ) received a stent (SU +) and seventy and two (64 percent) no(SU-). The groups were comparable. The frequency of ureteral complications (obstruction, leaking and obstruction-filtration) and TU between groups showed no statistical difference. In the Univariate analysis showed age, sex of recipient, donor´s age, the source of graft (living of dead), ischemia time(hot and cold), presence of ATN and arterial lesions were not associated with the presence of obstruction, leaking or both. However, among patients with obstruction leaking a higher probability of developing TU was verified. Conclusions: Our experience shows that routine stent use has no clear benefit in transplantation´s outcomes...

Resultados quirúrgicos con técnica de Nesbit para pacientes con enfermedad de Peyronie / Surgical results with the technique of Nesbit for the treatment of Peyronie's disease

Introducción: La enfermedad de Peyronie es una patología del tejido conectivo, localizado en la túnica albugínea del pene. Literatura reciente reporta una prevalencia del 3,2 por ciento. Sin embargo, los datos epidemiológicos son erráticos, debido a que el hombre es reticente a consultar por su situación. Se han descrito numerosos factores asociados a esta condición y se han utilizado diversos tratamientos médicos y quirúrgicos en el manejo de esta enfermedad. Se presenta la serie de pacientes operados en nuestro centro. Materiales y Métodos: En un estudio retrospectivo, se evaluó la serie de pacientes con enfermedad de Peyronie intervenidos quirúrgicamente (técnica de Nesbit), desde el año 1990. Resultados: Un total de 21 pacientes fueron operados, todos con técnica de Nesbit. De éstos, se obtuvieron antecedentes clínicos de 18 pacientes y 12 (63 por ciento) tienen seguimiento clínico reciente. La edad promedio de presentación fue 56,2 años (DE 8,6; rango 37-66). De la serie, 5/18 (27 por ciento) pacientes consultaron por incurvación peniana, 3/18 (17 por ciento) por disfunción eréctil, 6/18 (33 por ciento) por dificultad anatómica para lograr el coito y 4/18 (22 por ciento) se presentaron por incurvación asociado a dolor. La mediana de tiempo de seguimiento posterior a la cirugía fue de 54 meses (DE 5,2; rango 5-178). La incurvación más frecuente fue la dorsal, la que se observó en 9/18 (50 por ciento) pacientes, 4/18 (22 por ciento) incurvación ventral, 4/18 (22 por ciento) dorso-lateral y 1/18 (6 por ciento) izquierda. No hay relación entre la dirección y el grado de incurvación con el dolor, imposibilidad de penetración, disfunción eréctil, tiempo operatorio, ni resultados quirúrgicos. No se presentaron complicaciones perioperatorias. De los pacientes consultados, 9/12 (75 por ciento) manifestaron estar satisfechos con la cirugía desde el punto de vista de expectativas sexuales...

Introduction. Peyronie’s disease (PD) is an abnormality in the connective tissue of the tunica albuginea localized in the of the penis. There is a 3,2 percent prevalence reported in the literature, however that is probably and underestimation due to patient’s avoidance to consult for this cause. Several theories have been proposed to explain PD. Therapeutical options, either medical or surgical are also numerous. We present a series of patients operated in our center with the surgical Technique of Nesbit. Methods. Retrospective analysis of surgical results in a series of patients operated with technique of Nesbit for PD, since 1990. Results. A total of 21 patients were operated. Clinical files were reviewed for the analysis. Follow-up was availablein 12 patients. Mean age at diagnosis was 56,2 years (SD 8,6; 37-66). Patients in the series consulted forpenile curvature (3), erectile dysfunction (6), sexual intercourse disturbances (4) and curvature associated with pain (4). Median follow-up was 54 months (SD 5,2; 5-178). Most frequent curvature was dorsal,verified in 9 patients. 4 patients presented ventral curvature, 4 patients dorso-lateral curvature and 1 patient left curvature. There was no relationship between direction and degree of penis curvature, impossibility of sexual intercourse, erectile dysfunction, operative time and surgical results. There were no perioperative complications. 12 patients were interview for the study. Out of these, 9 were satisfied with the procedure, 2 reported no significant changes after surgery and 1 reported to be worse after the operation. Conclusions: a satisfaction of 75 percent was verified in the cohort presented, herein. The technique of Nesbit is a feasible and reproducible procedure for the surgical treatment of PD.

Movilidad dentaria: su importancia clínica / Tooth mobility: its clinical relevance

Las estructuras de soporte del diente responden mediante diversos mecanismos adaptativos a la fuerza que recibe el diente. Así, ante una fueza axial unidireccional, el dinte cambia de posición y los tejidos vuelven luego a la normalidad, ante una fuerza de vaivén los cambios dar n como resultado final un aumento del ancho del ligamento periodontal y un aumento de la movilidad progresiva ("adaptación"). Cuando la acción de las fuerzas se combina con la enfermedad periodontal inflamatoria activa, puede ocurrir que si queda poco tejido de inserción el ligamento periodontal no pueda adaptarse a las fuerzas oclusales y aparecer entonces una movilidad progresiva que puede determinar la pérdida del diente (AU)

El éxito del tratamiento periodontal / The success of periodontal treatment

El éxito del tratamiento periodontal depende de 3 factores: 1) Tratamiento adecuado por parte del profesional. 2) Higiene bucal adecuada por parte del paciente. 3) Controles periódicos cada 4-6 meses. Los dos últimos aspectos dependen de la colaboración del paciente ("adhesión al tratamiento"). En la mayoría de los estudios realizados se observa una baja adhesión de los pacientes a la higiene bucal como al mantenimiento. Se evalúan las características del paciente y del profesional que pueden incidir en tal déficit y se sugieren posibles medidas para mejorarlo (AU)