Associations of the triglyceride-glucose index and atherogenic index of plasma with the severity of new-onset coronary artery disease in different glucose metabolic states.

BACKGROUND: The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is considered a dependable biomarker for gauging insulin resistance. The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) represents a marker reflecting atherosclerosis. However, there is currently no study specifically exploring the associations of these two biomarkers with the severity of new-onset coronary artery disease (CAD) under different glucose metabolic states. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the correlations of these two biomarkers with CAD severity in patients newly diagnosed with CAD under various glucose metabolism conditions. METHOD: Totally 570 subjects first administered coronary angiography were enrolled, including 431 first diagnosed CAD patients and 139 non-CAD patients. CAD severity  was gauged by the quantity of narrowed arteries (single-vessel and multi-vessel CAD). According to WHO diabetes guidelines, glucose metabolic states were divided into normal glucose regulation (NGR), pre-diabetes mellitus (Pre-DM), and diabetes mellitus (DM). The relationships of the TyG index and AIP with CAD severity were validated by logistic regression analysis, including adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk elements and medical treatments. Their predictive efficacy for CAD was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. RESULT: The TyG index and AIP were independently correlated with CAD in accordance with logistic regression analysis (both P < 0.05). Regardless of the glucose metabolic states, there was no statistical correlation between the TyG index and CAD severity. However, AIP in NGR patients was significantly related to CAD severity (P < 0.05). The areas under the curve of the TyG index and AIP for predicting CAD were 0.682 and 0.642 (both P < 0.001), respectively, and their optimal cut-off values were 3.210 (Youden index: 0.305) and 0.095 (Youden index:0.246), respectively. CONCLUSION: The TyG index and AIP have significant associations with CAD. The TyG index had no association with CAD severity, regardless of glucose metabolic states. AIP exhibited a discernible link with CAD severity in NGR patients, but not in the pre-DM or DM populations. The TyG index and AIP have similar predictive values for new-onset CAD.

Australian adults' attitudes towards government actions to protect children from digital marketing of unhealthy food and drink products.

ISSUE ADDRESSED: This study assessed Australian adults' attitudes towards government actions to protect children from digital marketing of unhealthy food and drink products. METHODS: An online survey was undertaken by Australian adults aged 18-64 recruited via two national panels in December 2019 (N = 2044). RESULTS: Most respondents (69%) agreed the Government should protect children from unhealthy food and drink marketing and advertising broadly. Those who agreed most commonly indicated children should be protected up to age 16 (34%) or 18 (24%). There was widespread support for government actions to stop unhealthy food and drink marketing on digital platforms (e.g., internet sites) (68%-69%) and various digital marketing techniques (e.g., advertising by brands on social media) (56%-71%). A total ban on targeting unhealthy food and drink marketing to children online received the highest level of support (76%). Most respondents (81%) disagreed unhealthy food and drink companies should be able to collect children's personal information for marketing purposes. Support for examined actions was generally higher among older adults, more educated adults and more frequent internet users, lower among males, and similar between parents and non-parents. CONCLUSIONS: There is public perception that the government is responsible for protecting children, well into adolescence, from unhealthy food and drink marketing broadly. Widespread public support extends to specific actions to reduce children's exposure to digital marketing of unhealthy food and drink products. SO WHAT?: Implementation of policies to protect children from digital marketing of unhealthy food and drink products would be well received by the Australian public.

Cellular Localization and Distribution of TGF-ß1, GDNF and PDGF-BB in the Adult Primate Central Nervous System.

The available data on the localization of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-ß1), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) in the adult primate and human central nervous system (CNS) are limited and lack comprehensive and systematic information. This study aimed to investigate the cellular localization and distribution of TGF-ß1, GDNF, and PDGF-BB in the CNS of adult rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). Seven adult rhesus macaques were included in the study. The protein levels of TGF-ß1, PDGF-BB, and GDNF in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, and spinal cord were analyzed by western blotting. The expression and location of TGF-ß1, PDGF-BB, and GDNF in the brain and spinal cord was examined by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining, respectively. The mRNA expression of TGF-ß1, PDGF-BB, and GDNF was detected by in situ hybridization. The molecular weight of TGF-ß1, PDGF-BB, and GDNF in the homogenate of spinal cord was 25 KDa, 30 KDa, and 34 KDa, respectively. Immunolabeling revealed GDNF was ubiquitously distributed in the cerebral cortex, hippocampal formation, basal nuclei, thalamus, hypothalamus, brainstem, cerebellum, and spinal cord. TGF-ß1 was least distributed and found only in the medulla oblongata and spinal cord, and PDGF-BB expression was also limited and present only in the brainstem and spinal cord. Besides, TGF-ß1, PDGF-BB, and GDNF were localized in the astrocytes and microglia of spinal cord and hippocampus, and their expression was mainly found in the cytoplasm and primary dendrites. The mRNA of TGF-ß1, PDGF-BB, and GDNF was localized to neuronal subpopulations in the spinal cord and cerebellum. These findings suggest that TGF-ß1, GDNF and PDGF-BB may be associated with neuronal survival, neural regeneration and functional recovery in the CNS of adult rhesus macaques, providing the potential insights into the development or refinement of therapies based on these factors.

The health halo effect of 'low sugar' and related claims on alcoholic drinks: an online experiment with young women.

AIMS: To investigate whether 'low sugar' and related claims influence consumers' perceptions of the healthiness or other attributes of alcoholic drinks, promote greater consumption or impact diet and activity behaviour intentions. METHOD: N = 501 Australian women aged 18-35 viewed and rated six images of alcoholic drinks in a randomized online experiment with a 2 (claim: low sugar claim, no claim control) × 2 (drink type: cider, ready-to-drink spirits) between-subjects design. RESULTS: Participants who viewed drinks with low sugar claims rated them as healthier, less harmful to health, lower in sugar and kilojoules, and more suitable for weight management and a healthy diet than participants who viewed identical drinks with no claim (P < 0.001-P = 0.002). Drinks with low sugar claims were also perceived as being lower in alcohol (P < 0.001) despite being of equivalent alcohol content. There were no significant differences in anticipated social approval associated with consumption or in hypothetical intended consumption of the drinks, but participants who viewed drinks with low sugar claims were less likely to indicate they would compensate for consumption of the drink by modifying food intake or physical activity (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Low sugar and related claims on alcoholic drinks can generate a health halo: consumers generalise from a specific favourable attribute (low sugar) to misperceive other favourable health- and nutrition-related attributes, including lower alcohol content. Findings support calls to reconsider the permissibility of low sugar claims on alcoholic drinks as they may mislead consumers.

Prophylactic effect of exogenous melatonin and melatonin receptor agonists on postoperative delirium in elderly patients: a systemic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: The prophylactic effect of exogenous melatonin and melatonin receptor agonists (MMRAs) on postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly patients remains controversial. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the prophylactic effect of MMRAs on POD by conducting a systemic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS: We systematically searched four electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase for the eligible studies up to February 28, 2023. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used for assessing the risk of bias in the included RCTs. The occurrence of POD was the primary outcome. The quality of evidence was evaluated by Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. RESULTS: A total of 11 RCTs comprising patients (MMRA group: 777 patients and placebo group: 781 patients) were included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the MMRA group had a lower occurrence of POD than the placebo group (risk ratio = 0.70, 95% confidence interval: 0.51-0.97, P < 0.05, I2 = 59%). The subgroup analysis showed that melatonin significantly reduced the occurrence of POD (moderate-quality evidence), whereas ramelteon and tryptophan had no significant impact (moderate-quality evidence). CONCLUSION: Existing evidence suggested that perioperative use of melatonin can prevent POD in elderly patients.

Food purchasing practices in various retail settings and dietary intake: A cross-sectional survey of Australian adolescents.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Discretionary, energy-dense, nutrient-poor food and drinks are heavily marketed and readily available in retail settings frequented by adolescents. This study examines associations between food purchasing practices in various retail settings and dietary intake among Australian adolescents. METHODS: Participants were students in years 8 to 11 (ages 12-17 years) who completed the 2009-10 (n = 13 790), 2012-13 (n = 10 309) or 2018 (n = 9102) National Secondary Students' Diet and Activity (NaSSDA) cross-sectional survey. Multistage stratified random sampling was used. An online survey completed at school assessed self-reported frequency of food purchasing practices in various retail settings and consumption of discretionary food, sugary drinks, fruit and vegetables. Generalised linear regression models examined associations between food purchasing practices and dietary behaviour. RESULTS: Relative to students who brought lunch from home, those who purchased lunch from school or nearby outlets reported higher intake of discretionary food and sugary drinks and lower fruit intake. Buying lunch from school was also associated with lower vegetable intake. Buying food or drinks on the school commute, outside school grounds during school hours, from supermarket checkouts, and using mobile phone apps were each associated with higher discretionary food and sugary drink intake (all P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Purchasing food or drink in various retail settings is associated with higher intake of discretionary food and drink among Australian adolescents, and some purchasing practices appeared to displace fruit and vegetable intake. SO WHAT?: These findings highlight a need to improve the accessibility and promotion of healthier food and drink options in schools and other retail settings.

Analgesic Effects and Adverse Reactions of Lidocaine for Patient-Controlled Intravenous Analgesia on Patients Undergoing Open Hepatectomy: A Retrospective Analysis.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lidocaine for patient controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) in patients who underwent open hepatectomy. DESIGN: A retrospective analysis. METHODS: A total of 281 patients who underwent open hepatectomy from July 2018 to December 2018 were included. All patients were assigned into two groups: the lidocaine group (PCIA consisted of lidocaine, sufentanil, tramadol and granisetron) and the control group (PCIA consisted of sufentanil, tramadol and granisetron). The postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) and complications (including respiratory depression, hypotension, nausea and vomiting, pruritus, numbness of the corners of the mouth, dizziness) between the groups were compared. FINDINGS: There were no significant differences between the characteristics, duration of surgery and anesthesia, and recovery of postoperative activity between the two groups. In the first 3 days after the operation, the postoperative VAS score of the lidocaine group was lower than that of the control group at resting state, while after activity, the postoperative VAS contrast results were completely opposite. In particularly, the resting state at 48 hours (h) (1.05 ± 1.25 vs 1.57 ± 1.54) after surgery and the activity state at 72 h (3.02 ± 1.51 vs 2.2 ± 1.66) after surgery (P < 0.05). The incidence of mouth numbness and dizziness were significantly increased in the lidocaine group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The addition of lidocaine in PCIA was not beneficial to improve the pain during activities and increased the incidence of perioral numbness and dizziness.

Patients with gastroenteric tumor after upper abdominal surgery were more likely to require rescue analgesia than lower abdominal surgery.

OBJECTIVES: To find out the reasons why patients still need to use rescue analgesics frequently after gastrointestinal tumor surgery under the patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (IV-PCA), and the different abdominal surgery patients using the difference of analgesics. METHODS: A total of 970 patients underwent abdominal operation for gastrointestinal tumors were included. According whether patients used dezocine frequently for rescue analgesics within 2 days after surgery, they assigned into two groups: RAN group (Patients who did not frequently use rescue analgesia, 406 cases) and RAY group (Patients who frequently used rescue analgesia, 564 cases). The data collected included patient's characteristics, postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS), nausea and vomiting (PONV), and postoperative activity recovery time. RESULTS: No differences were observed in the baseline characteristics. Compared with the RAN group, patients in the RAY group had a higher proportion of open surgery, upper abdominal surgery, VAS score at rest on the first 2 days after surgery and PONV, and a slower recovery of most postoperative activities. Under the current use of IV-PCA background, the proportion of rescue analgesics used by patients undergoing laparotomy and upper abdominal surgery was as high as 64.33% and 72.8%, respectively. Regression analysis showed that open surgery (vs laparoscopic surgery: OR: 2.288, 95% CI: 1.650-3.172) and the location of the tumor in the upper abdomen (vs lower abdominal tumor: OR: 2.738, 95% CI: 2.034-3.686) were influential factors for frequent salvage administration. CONCLUSIONS: In our patient population, with our IV-PCA prescription for postoperative pain control, patient who underwent open upper abdominal surgery required more rescue postoperative analgesia.

Analgesic effects of sufentanil in combination with flurbiprofen axetil and dexmedetomidine after open gastrointestinal tumor surgery: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: To investigated the effects of sufentanil in combination with flurbiprofen axetil and dexmedetomidine for patient-controlled intravenous analgesia (PCIA) on patients after open gastrointestinal tumor surgery, and compared this combination with traditional PCIA with pure opioids or epidural analgesia (PCEA). METHODS: Patients (n = 640) who underwent open gastrointestinal tumor surgery and received patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) were included. According to the type of PCA, patients were assigned to three groups: MPCIA (PCIA with sufentanil, flurbiprofen axetil, dexmedetomidine and metoclopramide), OPCIA (PCIA with sufentanil, tramadol and metoclopramide) and PCEA group (PCEA with sufentanil and ropivacaine). The characteristics of patients, intraoperative use of analgesics, postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS), postoperative adverse reactions and postoperative recovery were collected. The primary outcome was postoperative VAS score. One-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Fisher exact probability method, and binary logistic regression analysis were used for analysis. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the characteristics of patients, operation time, tumor site and the use of postoperative rescue analgesics among the groups. In the first two days after open gastrointestinal tumor surgery, the VAS (expressed by median and interquartile range) of MPCIA (24th h, resting: 1,1; movement: 3,2. 48th h, resting: 0,1; movement: 2,1.) and PCEA (24th h, resting: 0,1; movement: 2,1. 48th h, resting: 0,1; movement: 2,2.) groups were significantly lower than those of OPCIA group (24th h, resting: 2.5,2; movement: 4,2. 48th h, resting: 1.5,1.75; movement: 3,1.) (all p <  0.01). The incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in MPCIA group was 13.6% on the first day after surgery, which was significantly higher than that in PCEA group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of other postoperative adverse events. Higher intraoperative sufentanil dosage (OR (95%CI) = 1.017 (1.002-1.031), p = 0.021), lower body mass index (OR (95%CI) = 2.081 (1.059-4.089), p = 0.033), and tumor location above duodenum (OR (95%CI) = 2.280 (1.445-3.596), p <  0.001) were associated with poor postoperative analgesia. CONCLUSIONS: The analgesic effects of PCIA with sufentanil in combination with flurbiprofen axetil and dexmedetomidine on postoperative analgesia was better than that of traditional pure opioids PCIA, and similar with that of PCEA.

Obesity prevention and related public health advertising versus competing commercial advertising expenditure in Australia.

Mass media campaigns can change attitudes and behaviours to improve population health. However, a key challenge is achieving share of voice in a complex and cluttered media environment. The aim of this study was to compare advertising expenditure on public health campaigns for obesity prevention (and related healthy eating and physical activity campaigns) with competing commercial categories of (a) sugary drinks, (b) artificially sweetened drinks and (c) diet/weight loss products and programmes. These commercial products may either undermine or dilute public health messages by directly contributing to poor health or confusing the public about the best ways to sustain a healthy lifestyle. Monthly estimates of advertising expenditure in Australian media (television, outdoor, cinema, radio, newspapers, magazines and digital) were obtained from Nielsen Media for 2016-18. Eligible public health advertising expenditure for the entire period (total AUD$27M) was vastly outweighed by the commercial categories of sugary drinks (AUD$129M) and diet/weight loss products and services (AUD$122M). Artificially sweetened drinks accounted for an additional AUD$23M of expenditure. These results highlight the need to rebalance the ratio of advertising to support public health in Australia through increased funding for obesity prevention and related campaigns, and critically, through government regulation to limit competing commercial advertising.

[A mini-review on anti-tumor effect of cannabidiol].

Cannabidiol is the main non-psychoactive component of Cannabis sativa, which has multiple medicinal activities, such as antiepileptic, immunomodulation, analgesic, antioxidant, anticonvulsant, anti-anxiety and other functions. In recent years, it has been found that cannabidiol can inhibit the proliferation of various tumor cells, induce apoptosis and autophagy of tumor cells, arrest cell cycle, interrupt invasion and metastasis of tumor cells, regulate tumor microenvironment, exert synergistic therapy with other chemotherapeutic drugs, and reduce the toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs. However, its anti-tumor effect remains controversial and its application is limited. The study of microspheres, nano liposomes and other new drug delivery systems can improve the anti-tumor effect of cannabidiol. In this study, the anti-tumor mechanism and application of cannabidiol were summarized and discussed in order to provide inspirations for its further investigation and application.

Integrin α2ß1-targeting ferritin nanocarrier traverses the blood-brain barrier for effective glioma chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Ferritin, the natural iron storage protein complex, self-assembles into a uniform cage-like structure. Human H-ferritin (HFn) has been shown to transverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by binding to transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), which is abundant in endothelial cells and overexpressed in tumors, and enters cells via endocytosis. Ferritin is easily genetically modified with various functional molecules, justifying that it possesses great potential for development into a nanocarrier drug delivery system. RESULTS: In this study, a unique integrin α2ß1-targeting H-ferritin (2D-HFn)-based drug delivery system was developed that highlights the feasibility of receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT) for glioma tumor treatment. The integrin targeting α2ß1 specificity was validated by biolayer interferometry in real time monitoring and followed by cell binding, chemo-drug encapsulation stability studies. Compared with naïve HFn, 2D-HFn dramatically elevated not only doxorubicin (DOX) drug loading capacity (up to 458 drug molecules/protein cage) but also tumor targeting capability after crossing BBB in an in vitro transcytosis assay (twofold) and an in vivo orthotopic glioma model. Most importantly, DOX-loaded 2D-HFn significantly suppressed subcutaneous and orthotopic U-87MG tumor progression; in particular, orthotopic glioma mice survived for more than 80 days. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that this versatile nanoparticle has established a proof-of-concept platform to enable more accurate brain tumor targeting and precision treatment arrangements. Additionally, this unique RMT based ferritin drug delivery technique would accelerate the clinical development of an innovative drug delivery strategy for central nervous system diseases with limited side effects in translational medicine.

Mechanics and Biology Interact in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: A Novel Composite Mouse Model.

The aim of this study was to distinguish the characteristics of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) originating from mechanics imbalance, biology disruption, and their communion, and to develop a composite IVDD model by ovariectomy combined with lumbar facetectomy for mimicking elderly IVDD with osteoporosis and lumbar spinal instability. Mice were randomly divided into four groups and subjected to sham surgery (CON), ovariectomy (OVX), facetectomy (mechanical instability, INS) or their combination (COM), respectively. Radiographical (n = 4) and histological changes (n = 8) of L4/5 spinal segments were analyzed. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was conducted to detect osteoclasts, and expression of osterix (OSX), type I collagen (Col I), type II collagen (Col II) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were evaluated by immunochemistry. OVX affected the body's metabolism but INS did not, as the body weight increased and uterus weight decreased in OVX and COM mice compared to CON and INS mice. OVX, INS, and COM caused IVDD in various degrees at 12 weeks after surgery. However, the major pathogeneses of OVX- and INS-induced IVDD were different, which focused on endplate (EP) remodeling and annulus fibrosus (AF) collapse, respectively. OVX induced osteopenia of vertebra. In contrast, INS promoted the stress-adaptive increase of subchondral bone trabeculae. The COM produced a reproducible severe IVDD model with characteristics of sparse vertebral trabeculae, cartilaginous EP ossification, subchondral bone sclerosis, fibrous matrix disorder, angiogenesis, disc stiffness, as well as space fusion. Additionally, all groups had elevated bone and cartilage turnover compared with CON group, as the quantity of trap + osteoclasts and the osteogenic OSX expression increased in these groups. Likewise, the VEGF expression levels were similar, accompanied by the altered matrix expression of disc, including the changed distribution and contents of Col II and Col I. The findings suggested that the composite mouse model to some extent could effectively mimic the interactions of biology and mechanics engaged in the onset and natural course of IVDD, which would be more compatible with the IVDD of elderly with vertebral osteoporosis and spinal instability and benefit to further clarify the complicated mechanobiological environment of elderly IVDD progression.

Classification of barley U-box E3 ligases and their expression patterns in response to drought and pathogen stresses.

BACKGROUND: Controlled turnover of proteins as mediated by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is an important element in plant defense against environmental and pathogen stresses. E3 ligases play a central role in subjecting proteins to hydrolysis by the UPS. Recently, it has been demonstrated that a specific class of E3 ligases termed the U-box ligases are directly associated with the defense mechanisms against abiotic and biotic stresses in several plants. However, no studies on U-box E3 ligases have been performed in one of the important staple crops, barley. RESULTS: In this study, we identified 67 putative U-box E3 ligases from the barley genome and expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Similar to Arabidopsis and rice U-box E3 ligases, most of barley U-box E3 ligases possess evolutionary well-conserved domain organizations. Based on the domain compositions and arrangements, the barley U-box proteins were classified into eight different classes. Along with this new classification, we refined the previously reported classifications of U-box E3 ligase genes in Arabidopsis and rice. Furthermore, we investigated the expression profile of 67 U-box E3 ligase genes in response to drought stress and pathogen infection. We observed that many U-box E3 ligase genes were specifically up-and-down regulated by drought stress or by fungal infection, implying their possible roles of some U-box E3 ligase genes in the stress responses. CONCLUSION: This study reports the classification of U-box E3 ligases in barley and their expression profiles against drought stress and pathogen infection. Therefore, the classification and expression profiling of barley U-box genes can be used as a platform to functionally define the stress-related E3 ligases in barley.

[Strenthening entry-exit supervision for protecting natural resources of traditional Chinese medicine].

China is highly rich of medicinal plants. Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) has a long history and is important traditional resources in China. As one of the important strategic resources and the link among all the countries along the ancient "Silk Road", TCM has played important role in economy, politics, society and ecology. With the initiative of the "Belt and Road" in recent years, many natural resources of TCM now are facing the risk of extinction due to more and more frequent trade between China and other countries, also the increase of export has influenced to the stock of TCM. In order to prevent the loss of the resources, strengthen the protection and sustainable use of TCM, our study provided the strategies to the natural resources of TCM's entry-exit supervision from nine aspects, like law and regulation system, based on the analysis of current supervision status quo.

[Preparation of docetaxel-loaded nanomicelles and their anti-Lewis lung cancer effect in vitro].

Docetaxel-loaded nanomicelles were prepared in this study to improve the solubility and tumor targeting effect of docetaxel(DTX),and further evaluate their anticancer effects in vitro. PBAE-DTX nanomicelles were prepared by film-hydration method with amphiphilic block copolymer polyethyleneglycol methoxy-polylactide(PELA) and pH sensitive triblock copolymer polyethyleneglycol methoxy-polylactide-poly-ß-aminoester(PBAE) were used respectively to prepare PELA-DTX nanomicelles and PBAE-DTX nanomicelles. The nanomicelles were characterized by physicochemical properties and the activity of mice Lewis lung cancer cells was studied. The results of particle size measurement showed that the blank micelles and drug-loaded micelles had similar particle sizes, ranging from 10 to 100 nm. The particle size of PBAE micelles was changed under weak acidic conditions, with good pH response. The encapsulation efficiency of the above two types of DTX-loaded nanomicelles determined by HPLC was(93.8±1.70)% and(87.2±4.10)%, and the drug loading amount was(5.3±0.10)% and(4.9±0.05)%,respectively. Furthermore,the DTX micelles also showed significant inhibitory effects on Lewis lung cancer cells by MTT assay, and pH-sensitive PBAE-DTX showed better cytotoxicity. The results of flow cytometry indicated that,the apoptosis rate of lung cancer Lewis cells was(20.72±1.47)%,(29.71±2.38)%,and(40.91±1.90)%(P<0.05) at 48 h after treatment in DTX,PELA-DTX,and PBAE-DTX groups. The results showed that different docetaxel preparations could promote the apoptosis of Lewis cells, and PBAE-DTX had stronger apoptotic-promoting effect. The pH-sensitive DTX-loaded micelles are promising candidates in developing stimuli triggered drug delivery systems in acidic tumor micro-environments with improved inhibitory effects of tumor growth on Lewis lung cancer.

[A new phenolic compound from endophytic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus of Euphorbia royleana].

This research was carried out to study the secondary metabolites of endophytic fungus Aspergillosis fumigatus from Euphorbia royleana. The endophytic fungus A. fumigatus was fermented by solid fermentation,and purified by various chromatographic methods after extraction. The structures of the compounds were identified by1 H-NMR,13 C-NMR and HSQC,HMBC spectra and physicchemical properties. Three compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as 3-( 3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-5-( 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-methyl-5,6-dihydro-2 H-pyran-2-one( 1),hydroxysydonic acid( 2) and 11-hydroxysydonic acid( 3). Compound 1 is a new compound.

[Chemical constituents from Barringtonia racemosa].

To investigate the chemical constituents from Barringtonia racemosa, twelve compounds were isolated by chromatography methods and identified as 3ß-p-E-coumaroymaslinic acid (1), cis-careaborin (2), careaborin (3), maslinic acid (4), 2α, 3ß, 19α-trihydroxyolean-12-ene-24, 28-dioic acid (5), 3ß-p-Z-coumaroylcorosolic acid (6), corosolic acid (7), 1α, 2α, 3ß, 19α-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (8), 19α-hydroxyl ursolic acid (9), 3α, 19α-dihydroxyurs-12-en-24, 28-dioic acid (10), tormentic acid (11), 3-hydroxy-7, 22-dien-ergosterol（12） by the NMR and MS data analysis. Among them, compounds 1-4,7-12 were obtained from the genus Barringtonia for the first time. All the compounds didn't show nocytotoxic activity against MCF-7 and A549 cell lines (IC50>50 mg•L⁻¹).

[Progress in the Genetic Detection of Thalassemia Based on Third-Generation Gene Sequencing --Review].

Thalassemia is most widely distributed single gene autosome recessive genetic disease in the world, whose clinical manifestation was changed from asymptomatic anemia to severe anemia requiring continous blood transfusion to maintain life, thus resulting in a serious economic burden to society and families. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out the corresponding prentatal screening and diagnosis. Most of the conventional detection methods can only detect the common thalassemia genotype, it can easy to cause misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis for those rate genetic variantions. The third-generation sequecing (TGS) has been applied to the detection of thalassemia genes, which is more accurate, reliable and superior to the converntional detection methods. This article reviews the latest research progress of the TGS technology in genetic testing of thalassemia.

Research state of the herbal medicine Huangqi (Radix Astragali): A global and bibliometric study.

BACKGROUND: Huangqi (Radix Astragali) is a natural medicine with a wide range of uses. The research related to Huangqi is getting hotter and the number of publications is gradually increasing. This study aims to explore the current status and emerging trends of Huangqi-related research. METHOD: Huangqi-related literature was systemically obtained from the Web of Science database. The CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and, R package "Bibliometrix" tools were used to analyze the number of publications, countries, research institutions, journals, authors, keywords, references, and trends. RESULTS: A total of 2255 papers were retrieved for analysis. These papers were written by 11,247 authors from 1927 institutions in 71 countries, published in 570 journals, and cited 73,534 references from 11,553 journals. From 1999 to 2022, the number of publications gradually increased. China was the country with the highest number of publications. The most prolific institution was Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine was the journal publishing the most Huangqi-related literature. Dr Karl Wah Keung Tsim was the authors with the most output publications. The Review, entitle "Review of the Botanical Characteristics, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology of Astragalus membranaceous (Huangqi)," was the reference being cited most frequently. The major keywords were apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Gut microbiota and epithelial-mesenchymal transitions were new research hotspots in recent years. CONCLUSION: This study used quantitative and visual analysis of Huangqi to provide insights into the research priorities, frontier research hotspots, and future research trends in this field.