RESUMEN
Although numerous studies have investigated modifiable risk factors for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among community-dwelling seniors, no meta-analysis has summarized these findings. Five databases were searched from January 1, 2000, to December 30, 2023. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO. Data were extracted and reported following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Relevant meta-analyses of modifiable risk factors were performed. The evidence of each factor was assessed by the GRADE for cohort studies. Of 16,651 citations, 87 studies involving 225,584 community-dwelling seniors were included. Fourteen meta-analyses involving 20 studies with 44,199 participants were performed. The analyses revealed low-to-moderate-quality evidence supporting that diabetes, 2 or more comorbidities, anxiety, apathy, depressive symptoms, and physical frailty were risk factors for incident MCI in older adults. Conversely, hypertension, agitation, and irritability might not be risk factors. Additionally, moderate-quality evidence supports the protective effect of engaging in cognitive-demanding activities on the onset of MCI. Collectively, this study constitutes the first extensive compilation of evidence regarding the various risk factors for the development of MCI in older adults. Our findings hold significant potential to guide the formulation of prevention and management strategies to either prevent or potentially reverse the onset of MCI.
RESUMEN
The Italian Spine Youth Quality of Life (ISYQOL) is a validated health-related quality of life (HRQOL) questionnaire for teenagers with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). We culturally-adapted ISYQOL to traditional Chinese (ISYQOL-TC) and then recruited 133 conservatively treated teenagers with AIS to complete the ISYQOL-TC and the Chinese version of the Scoliosis Research Society-22 revised (SRS-22r) questionnaire, nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7), and numeric pain rating scale (NPRS). They repeated ISYQOL-TC two weeks later. The internal consistency, unidimensionality, and test-retest reliability were measured using the Cronbach's alpha, Rasch measurement models, and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC3,1), respectively. The concurrent validity of the ISYQOL-TC with SRS-22r, and its construct validity with other questionnaires were evaluated using Spearman correlation coefficients. The ISYQOL-TC demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.90 and 0.89 for items 1-13 and items 1-20), and excellent test-retest reliability (ICC3,1 = 0.95-0.96). The Rasch analysis supported the unidimensionality of all 20 items in ISYQOL-TC. The ISYQOL-TC percentage scores were positively correlated with SRS-22r total scores (r = 0.65; p < 0.05), but were negatively related to PHQ-9, GAD-7, and NPRS scores (r = -0.46 to -0.39; p < 0.01). Collectively, the ISYQOL-TC is a reliable and valid instrument for evaluating HRQOL in Chinese teenagers with AIS.