Mechanism of Zishen Qinggan Prescription in Improving Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes Based on Transcriptomics / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveBased on network pharmacology and transcriptomics， the mechanism of Zishen Qinggan prescription （ZSQGF） in improving glucose and lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes （T2DM） model rats was explored. MethodBased on network pharmacology analysis of the differential genes between ZSQGF and T2DM， gene ontology（GO）analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes（KEGG） analysis were conducted， and molecular docking analysis was used to verify the binding between components and targets. A T2DM rat model was established by high-fat feeding and injection of streptozotocin （STZ）. The rats were randomly divided into the control group， model group， metformin （Met， 72 mg·kg-1） group， and ZSQGF high-， medium-， and low-dose groups （ZSQGF-H， ZSQGF-M， and ZSQGF-L， with 4.8， 2.4， and 1.2 g·kg-1 raw drug in the solution）. The living status of rats was monitored and the levels of total cholesterol （TC）， total triglycerides （TG）， high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， and alanine aminotransferase （ALT） in rat serum were detected. The liver tissues were subjected to Hematoxylin eosin（HE） staining and oil red O staining. The differential genes were analyzed through transcriptomics， GO and KEGG analysis， and the protein-protein interaction（PPI） network was obtained to screen key targets. With network pharmacology and transcriptomics analysis results， the protein pathways were identified. The expression levels of nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）， matrix metalloproteinase（MMP）-1 and MMP-9 proteins in liver tissues were detected by Western blot. The mRNA expression of B-cell lymphoma-2（Bcl-2） modifying factor（BMF）， nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate （NADPH） oxidase 4 （NOX4）， and fatty acid synthase（FASN） was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR）. The expression of MMP-1 and MMP-9 in the liver was detected by immunofluorescence staining. ResultTranscriptomics and network pharmacology analysis suggested that ZSQGF may protect the liver through the glucose and lipid metabolism pathway and the inflammation pathway. Experiments showed that after 8 weeks of administration， the body weight， blood sugar， serum indicators， and pathological staining results of rats were improved. Western blot results indicated a decrease in the relative expression levels of NF-κB， MMP-1 and MMP-9 proteins in the liver. Real-time PCR results showed a decrease in the transcriptional expression of BMF， NOX4， and FASN in the ZSQGF-H group， while immunofluorescence staining results present decreased expression of MMP-1 and MMP-9 in the ZSQGF groups. ConclusionZSQGF can improve the glucose and lipid metabolism by inhibiting the expression of FASN， reducing lipid synthesis， and regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Interpretation of the Japanese Guidelines for Food Allergy 2020 / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

The prevalence of food allergy among children has significantly increased, which seriously affects the quality of life of children and increases the burden of society and family.The understanding of food allergy in Chinese pediatric clinicians is lacked, and oral food challenge test and oral immunotherapy have not been widely carried out, which need to be further improved and standardized.In the present review, the author summarized the clinical classification, auxiliary examination, prevention and management of food allergy based on the current situation in China and the Japanese Guidelines for Food Allergy 2020, aiming to provide references for clinicians.

Study on Improvement Effects and Mechanism of Paeoniflorin on Myocardial Injury in Type 2 Diabetic Model Rats / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To study the improvement effects of paeon iflorin（PF）on myocardial injury in type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）model rats and its mechanism. METHODS ：The experiment was set up in the normal group ，model group ， positive control group （metformin 90 mg/kg），PF high-dose ，medium-dose and low-dose groups （90，60，30 mg/kg），with 8 rats in each group. Except for normal group ，other groups were given high-glucose and high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin （30 mg/kg） to induce T 2DM model. After modeling ， administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically，normal group and model group were given constant volume of normal saline intragastrically ，once a day ，for consecutive 4 weeks. The body weight ，fasting blood glucose and oral glucose tolerance were measured ；serum levels of glycosylated serum protein （GSP），total cholesterol （TC），triacylglycerol（TG），glutathione peroxidase （GSH-Px），superoxide dismutase（SOD），malondialdehyde（MDA），creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB （CK-MB） and troponin Ⅰ （cTn Ⅰ） were determined. The pathomorphological changes of myocardium were observed. The apoptosis index of rat cardiomyocytes was （ detected. The protein expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 （Bcl-2），Bcl-2 related X protein （Bax）and caspase- 3 in rat myocardium were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. RE SULTS：Compared with normal group ，the body weight ，serum levels of GSH-Px and SOD ，protein expression of Bcl- 2 in myocardium were decreased significantly in model group（P＜0.01）；while fasting blood glucose ，area under blood glucose curve ，serum levels of biochemical indexes （GSP，TC， TG，MDA，CK-MB，cTnⅠ），cardiomyocyte apoptosis index ，protein expression of Bax and caspase- 3 in myocardium were increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The arrangement of myocardium was relatively irregular ，and some muscle fibers were broken. Compared with model group ，except for body weight ，serum levels of SOD and MDA ，the protein expression of Bax in myocardium in PF low-dose group ， above indexes of PF groups were reversed significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS：PF can regulate glycolipid metabolism ，enhance antioxidant ability ，inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis and improve myocardial injury in T 2DM model rats ；the mechanism may be associated with increasing the protein expression of Bcl- 2 and down-regulating the protein expression of Bax and caspase- 3 in myocardium.

Corneal collagen cross-linking in keratoconus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) for the treatment of progressive keratoconus (KC). Some of the published literature, including a few small, randomized controlled trials (RCTs), demonstrated good results after CXL, but large RCTs with long-term follow-up to establish a cause-effect relationship are lacking. Using PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library database, we searched for relevant studies published between October 2007 and March 2014. A comprehensive literature search was performed using the Cochrane Collaboration methodology to identify the effectiveness of CXL for treating KC. The primary outcome parameters included uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), refraction, corneal topography, and corneal thickness at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18 months after CXL. A total of 1171 participants (1557 eyes) were enrolled in this meta-analysis. CXL may be effective in halting the progress of KC for at least 12 months under certain conditions. However, further research from randomized trials is needed to confirm our findings.

TherelationshipbetweentheimagingresultsbasedonADCvalueandtheefficacy ofneoadjuvantchemotherapyinbreastcancer / 实用放射学杂志

Objective TodiscusstheevaluationeffectivenessofADCofMR DWIinneoadjuvantchemotherapy (NAC).Methods ThirtyGninepatientswithlocallyadvancedbreastcancerwereenrolledinthisstudy.Allthesepatientswerediagnosedbypuncture biopsyandtreatedwithNAC.DWIwasperformedbeforechemotherapyandafter4cyclesofchemotherapyrespectively.Radicalresectionof breastcancerwasperformedwithinoneweekaftertheendof4cyclesofNAC.Accordingtotheclinicalefficacyorpathologicalresponse,the changesoftumorvolumeandtumorcelldensitybeforeandafterchemotherapyweremeasured.Theresponseoftumorwasdividedas clinicallyeffective,completeremission (CR)+partialremission(PR)andclinicalineffectiveness,stabilizationdisease(SD)+progression disease(PD)ormajorhistologicalresponse (MHR)andnonGmajorhistologicalresponse (NMHR),respectively.Toevaluatethe practicalutilityofneoadjuvantchemotherapy,theADCvaluesweremeasuredinallgroupsandanalyzedstatistically.Results Before NAC,therewasnosignificantdifferenceinADCvaluebetweenCR+PR (0.96±0.22)andSD+PD (0.93±0.14)orMHR (1.05±0.22), NMHR (0.99±0.14).TheratiosofCR+PRand MHR were56.4%and66.7%respectivelyattheendoftreatment,andtheADC valuesinallpatientswerehigherthanthatbeforechemotherapy.However,Therewasnosignificantdifferencebeforeandafterchemotherapy intheSD+PD (1.02±0.19)andNMHR (1.08±0.20)groups (P＞0.05),whileCR+PR (1.47±0.16)and MHR (1.62+0.13) groupsweresignificantlydifferentbeforeandafterchemotherapy(P＜0.05).Therateoftumorvolumechangewaspositivelycorrelated withΔADC (r＝0.539,P＜0.05).Conclusion TheADCvalue canbeusedtoevaluatethevolumeandpathologicalgradeof tumorafterNACbasedon MRIplainscananddynamicscan, whichishelpfulfortimelyandeffectivepredictiveevaluationof chemotherapyeffect.ADCvaluecanbeusedasearlyevaluationofNACforbreastcancerandprognosticindicators.

A field follow_up study of six years′outcome of children with asthma / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate six yearsˊ outcome of children with asthma. Methods Children with asthma diagnosed in the epidemiological survey of childhood asthma in urban area of Beijing in 2010 were selected in this study. The field follow-up was conducted in 2016(6 years later)to obtain information about asthma attack,di-sease control,medication usage,and comorbidities of allergic diseases. The skin prick test,lung function and exhaled ni-tric oxide were performed during field follow - up stage. Results Sixty - four children,aged 7 - 19 years old [(13. 59 ± 3. 48)years old],completed the field follow-up survey. Among 35. 9%(23/64 cases)children,the asth-ma symptoms still persisted within 2 years(without remission),while 64. 1%(41/64 cases)children had no symp-toms within 2 years and above(remission). The course of children without remission(9. 0 years)was significantly lon-ger than that of children with remission(5. 5 years),and there was statistical significance(z＝ -3. 775,P<0. 001). Among the children without remission,the number of uncontrolled children in the last month accounted for 13. 0%(3/23 cases),partially controlled for 17. 4%(4/23 cases),and under controlled for 69. 6%(16/23 cases). The majority of unrelieved children were treated with intermittent control drug[43. 5%(10/23 cases)υs. 12. 2%(5/41 cases), χ2 ＝8. 036,P<0. 01]. A total of 47. 8%(11/23 cases)of children without remission were completely unaffected by physical activity,while 92. 7%(38/41 cases)of children with clinical remission were completely unaffected by physi-cal activity(χ2 ＝14. 117,P<0. 001). The proportion of children without remission with eczema and atopic dermatitis lasting longer than 6 years old was 56. 5%(13/23 cases),which was significantly higher than that of children with re-mission[29. 3%(12/41 cases),χ2 ＝4. 598,P<0. 05]. In 2010 and 2016,there were 46 children with allergen re-sults. Compared with 2010,the proportion of animal fur and pollen allergy increased in 2016[19. 6%(9/46 cases)υs. 52. 2%(24/46 cases),36. 9%(17/46 cases)υs. 67. 4%(31/46 cases)],and there were statistical significances (χ2 ＝10. 632,8. 538,all P<0. 01). In 2016,the number and degree of total allergens in the clinical unrelieved chil-dren were higher than that in the relieved children. Further analysis showed that the unrelieved children had higher cigarette allergy positivity(21. 7% υs. 2. 5%,χ2 ＝4. 239,P<0. 05). There was no significant difference in lung func-tion and exhaling nitric oxide between the clinical unrelieved children and the relieved children. Conclusions Six years later,the proportion of animal fur and pollen allergy increased in children with asthma. Compared with children with remission,the children without remission had more treatment with intermittent control drug,with higher proportion of eczema and atopic dermatitis over six years old,and higher percentage of cigarette allergy positivity.

Effects of Shizidaiping formula on MIN6 cell apoptosis and expressions of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Apoptosis of islet cel s is closely related to the long-term hyperglycemia-and hyperlipemia-induced injuries. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of Shizidaiping formula on the apoptosis and insulin secretion in MIN6 cel s under the high glucose and lipid environment, and to explore the protective effect of Shizidaiping formula and the related apoptosis mechanism. METHODS:MIN6 cel s were divided into normal, model, melbine, low-, medium-and high-dose Shizidaiping formula groups. The cel activity was examined by cel counting kit-8, the insulin secretion was measured by ELISA, the rate of apoptosis was measured by Annexin V-FITC&PI and the expression levels of MEK1/2, ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 were examined by western blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Shizidaiping formula significantly improved MIN6 cel activity under high glucose and lipid condition (P<0.05), decreased early cel apoptosis, increased the level of insulin stimulated by low glucose in cel supernatant (P<0.05), and improved the expression levels of MEK1/2, ERK1/2 and p-ERK1/2 (P<0.05). These results suggest that Shizidaiping formula can protect islet cel s from hyperglycemia and hyperlipemia damage by improving the activity of MIN6 cel s, reducing the insulin secretion and inhibiting the apoptosis of pancreaticβcel s in MIN6 cel s.

Corneal refractive surgery and phakic intraocular lens for treatment of amblyopia caused by high myopia or anisometropia in children / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>A systematic review of literature was performed to compare various visual function parameters including the final visual acuity outcome and/or adverse events between corneal refractive surgery (CLRS) and phakic intraocular lens implantation (p-IOLi) in the treatment of refractive amblyopic children.</p><p><b>DATA SOURCES</b>Two reviewers independently searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Controlled Trials Register databases for publications from 1991 to 2013.</p><p><b>STUDY SELECTION</b>There were 25 articles, including 597 patients and 682 eyes, was included in CLRS group. Among them, 21 articles reported the use of CLRS in the treatment of myopic anisometropia for 318 patients (13 photorefractive keratectomy or laser epithelial keratomileusis and eight laser in situ keratomileusis). And 11 articles had the results of CLRS in treating hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia children. Eleven articles reported the effect of p-IOLi for treating high myopia or anisometropic amblyopia, including 61 patients (75 eyes). Age, pre- and postoperation best-corrected vision acuity (BCVA), and spherical equivalent (SE) were compared in CLRS and p-IOLi groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average age of CLRS group and p-IOLi group has no statistically significant difference. The SE in CLRS group for myopic anisometropia amblyopia patients was (-10.13 ± 2.73) diopters (D) and for hyperopic anisometropia amblyopia patients was (5.58 ± 1.28) D. In p-IOLi group the SE was (-14.01 ± 1.93) D. BCVA was improved significantly in both groups, and even better in p-IOLi group. Refractive errors were corrected in both groups, but there was no clinically significant difference in final SE between each group. More than one-half of the children had improved binocular fusion and stereopsis function in both groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Both CLRS group and p-IOLi group showed their advantage in treating refractive amblyopia in children. In comparing p-IOLi with CLRS for treatment of refractive amblyopia, no statistically significant difference in final BCVA was observed.</p>

Therapeutic Effects of Artemisia Argyi Ferment Substance on Systemic Candida Albicans Infection / 医药导报

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanism of Artemisia argyi ferment substance on systemic Candida albicans infection. Methods The model of systemic Candida albicans infection was established in immunosuppressed mice. The model mice were randomly divided into the model control,Artemisia argyi ferment substance( AAFS) at different doses(100,200,and 400 mg·kg-1 )and fluconazole group(20 mg·kg-1 ),30 mice in each. Mice in each treatment group were given therapeutic drugs by gavage for 5 consecutive days,twice daily. The survival of mice was determined 21 days after the model was set up. The serum levels of IFN-γand IL-2 were determined by ELISA. The proliferation activity of T lymphocyte in the spleen was detected by MTT assay. The number of living fungi in liver and kidney tissues was counted. Results Compared with the model control,AAFS at middle and high doses and fluconazole significantly increased the survival rate of mice,the serum levels of IFN-γand IL-2,and the proliferation activity of T lymphocyte in the spleen,but decreased the number of living fungi in tissues(P〈0. 01). Compared with low dose AAFS,middle and high doses of AAFS and fluconazole showed significantly different effect on each index(P〈0. 05 or P〈0. 01),but there was no difference among these groups(P〉0. 05). Conclusion AAFS at 200-400 mg·kg-1 has inhibitory effects on systemic Candida albicans infection in mice,the mechanism of which is related to increasing the proliferation of T lymphocyte in spleen and the levels of IFN-γand IL-2 in serum.

Study progress of TCM syndrome of type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中华中医药杂志

We summarized the researches of syndrome differentiation for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in this article. According to the constitution feature of obesity and non-obesity and analysis of researches of different medical scholars, we put forward that the easy-suffering constitutions were the basis of the evolution and development of syndromes of T2DM, and the different inducements were the conditions of that courses. The persons whose constitutions were of qi-deficiency of spleen and kidney and excessive stomach often appeared a obese physique, and the people whose constitutions were of yin-deficiency of both the liver and kidney usually showed a non-obese shape. Affected chronically by the inducements, the evolution and development of the syndromes had its own rules respectively corresponding to the different constitutions as the diseases go on. Therefore, to integrate the constitution, disease stage and pathological change with specific zang-fu organs can better grasp its rules of syndrome differentiation.

Study on brain neuron transplantation and its application / 第二军医大学学报

Recently,achievement has been made in using brain neuron transplantation to treat central nerve damage and degradation diseases,which atract another wide concern from the medical circle.This article reviews the history,techniques and clinical application of brain neuron transplantation.