RESUMEN
A method is explained through which a pointwise accurate approximation to the pion's valence-quark distribution amplitude (PDA) may be obtained from a limited number of moments. In connection with the single nontrivial moment accessible in contemporary simulations of lattice-regularized QCD, the method yields a PDA that is a broad concave function whose pointwise form agrees with that predicted by Dyson-Schwinger equation analyses of the pion. Under leading-order evolution, the PDA remains broad to energy scales in excess of 100 GeV, a feature which signals persistence of the influence of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking. Consequently, the asymptotic distribution φπ(asy)(x) is a poor approximation to the pion's PDA at all such scales that are either currently accessible or foreseeable in experiments on pion elastic and transition form factors. Thus, related expectations based on φ φπ(asy)(x) should be revised.
RESUMEN
A novel method is employed to compute the pion electromagnetic form factor, F(π)(Q²), on the entire domain of spacelike momentum transfer using the Dyson-Schwinger equation (DSE) framework in QCD. The DSE architecture unifies this prediction with that of the pion's valence-quark parton distribution amplitude (PDA). Using this PDA, the leading-order, leading-twist perturbative QCD result for Q²F(π)(Q²) underestimates the full computation by just 15% on Q²â³8 GeV², in stark contrast to the result obtained using the asymptotic PDA. The analysis shows that hard contributions to the pion form factor dominate for Q²â³8 GeV², but, even so, the magnitude of Q²F(π)(Q²) reflects the scale of dynamical chiral symmetry breaking, a pivotal emergent phenomenon in the standard model.
RESUMEN
We project onto the light front the pion's Poincaré-covariant Bethe-Salpeter wave function obtained using two different approximations to the kernels of quantum chromodynamics' Dyson-Schwinger equations. At an hadronic scale, both computed results are concave and significantly broader than the asymptotic distribution amplitude, φ(π)(asy)(x)=6x(1-x); e.g., the integral of φ(π)(x)/φ(π)(asy)(x) is 1.8 using the simplest kernel and 1.5 with the more sophisticated kernel. Independent of the kernels, the emergent phenomenon of dynamical chiral-symmetry breaking is responsible for hardening the amplitude.
RESUMEN
Isospin-dependent nuclear forces play a fundamental role in nuclear structure. In relativistic models of nuclear structure constructed at the quark level these isovector nuclear forces affect the u and d quarks differently, leading to nontrivial flavor-dependent modifications of the nuclear parton distributions. We explore the effect of isospin dependent forces for parity-violating deep inelastic scattering on nuclear targets and demonstrate that the cross sections for nuclei with N ≠ Z are sensitive to the flavor dependence of the EMC effect. Indeed, for nuclei like lead and gold we find that these flavor-dependent effects are large.
RESUMEN
A neutron or proton excess in nuclei leads to an isovector-vector mean field which, through its coupling to the quarks in a bound nucleon, implies a shift in the quark distributions with respect to the Bjorken scaling variable. We show that this result leads to an additional correction to the NuTeV measurement of sin2thetaW. The sign of this correction is largely model independent and acts to reduce their result. Explicit calculation in nuclear matter within a covariant and confining Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model predicts that this vector field correction may account for a substantial fraction of the NuTeV anomaly. We are therefore led to offer a new interpretation of the NuTeV measurement, namely, that it provides further evidence for the medium modification of the bound nucleon wave function.
RESUMEN
We demonstrate that for small values of momentum transfer Q2 the in-medium change of the GE/GM form factor ratio for a bound neutron is dominated by the change in the electric charge radius and predict within stated assumptions that the in-medium ratio will increase relative to the free result. This effect will act to increase the predicted cross section for the neutron recoil polarization transfer process 4He(e-vector,e'n-vector)3He. This is in contrast with medium modification effects on the proton GE/GM form factor ratio, which act to decrease the predicted cross section for the 4He(e-vector,e'p-vector)3H reaction. Experiments to measure the in-medium neutron form factors are currently feasible in the range 0.1
RESUMEN
An excellent description of both spin-independent and spin-dependent quark distributions and structure functions has been obtained with a modified Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model, which is free of unphysical thresholds for nucleon decay into quarks--hence incorporating an important aspect of confinement. We utilize this model to investigate nuclear medium modifications to structure functions and find that we are readily able to reproduce both nuclear matter saturation and the experimental F2N(A)/F2N ratio, that is, the European Muon Collaboration (EMC) effect. Applying this framework to determine g1p(A), we find that the ratio g1p(A)/g1p differs significantly from unity, with the quenching caused by the nuclear medium being about twice that of the spin-independent case. This represents an exciting result, which, if confirmed experimentally, will reveal much about the quark structure of nuclear matter.
RESUMEN
By combining the constraints of charge symmetry with new chiral extrapolation techniques and recent low mass quenched lattice-QCD simulations of the individual quark contributions to the magnetic moments of the nucleon octet, we obtain a precise determination of the strange magnetic moment of the proton. The result, namely, G(s)(M)=(-0.046 +/- 0.019)mu(N) is consistent with the latest experimental measurements but an order of magnitude more precise. This poses a tremendous challenge for future experiments.