Foliar accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in native tree species from the Atlantic Forest (SE-Brazil).

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic to living organisms. They can accumulate on foliar surfaces due to their affinity with apolar organic compounds, which enables the use of native plant species as sentinels of atmospheric PAH deposition in polluted ecosystems. The present study extends the knowledge about this subject in the tropical region by focusing on the PAH accumulation in the foliage of dominant tree species (Astronium graveolens, Croton floribundus, Piptadenia gonoacantha) in four remnants of Semi-deciduous Atlantic Forest surrounded by diversified sources of PAHs and located in the cities of Campinas, Paulínia, Holambra and Cosmópilis (central-eastern part of São Paulo State, SE-Brazil). Leaves of the tree species were collected in the forest remnants during the wet and dry seasons (2011 to 2013). All samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to a fluorescence detector for identification of 14 PAHs. The native tree species showed distinct capacities to accumulate PAHs. All of them accumulated proportionally more light PAHs than heavy PAHs, mainly during the dry period. P. gonoacantha was the most effective accumulator species. Higher accumulations of most of the PAHs occurred during the dry periods. The predominance of moderately (1 ≤ EF < 5) to highly enriched (EF ≥ 5) leaf samples of P. gonoacantha with regard to BaA and PHE in all of the forest remnants indicated that vehicular sources were widely distributed in the entire region. The predominance of the moderate to high enrichment of ACE in leaf samples from the forest remnants located in Paulínia, Holambra and Cosmópolis indicated that they were also affected by emissions from petrochemical industries.

Searching for native tree species and respective potential biomarkers for future assessment of pollution effects on the highly diverse Atlantic Forest in SE-Brazil.

This study summarizes the first effort to search for bioindicator tree species and respective potential biomarkers for future assessment of potential mixed pollution effects on the highly diverse Atlantic Forest in SE-Brazil. Leaves of the three most abundant species inventoried in a phytosociological survey (Croton floribundus, Piptadenia gonoacantha and Astronium graveolens) were collected in four forest remnants during winter and summer (2012). Their potential bioindicator attributes were highlighted using a screening of morphological, chemical and biochemical markers. The leaf surface structure and/or epicuticular wax composition pointed the accumulator properties of C. floribundus and P. gonoacantha. C. floribundus is a candidate for assessing potential accumulation of Cu, Cd, Mn, Ni, S and Zn. P. gonoacantha is a candidate to monitor polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Increased levels of secondary metabolites and decreased antioxidant capacity in leaves of A. graveolens may support its value as a bioindicator for oxidative pollutants by visible dark stipplings.

Educação inclusiva no ensino superior: desafios e experiências de um núcleo de apoio discente e docente / Inclusive approach on higher education: challenges and experiences of a nucleus for faculty and student support

No Ensino Superior, a prática inclusiva é recente, e este panorama novo exige das instituições o desenvolvimento de políticas de apoio e acompanhamento com ações que vão além da disponibilidade de vaga. Somado a isto, os requisitos legais de avaliação e reconhecimento de cursos também exigem as evidências de práticas inclusivas no ambiente universitário. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever a atuação de um núcleo de apoio ao discente e docente (NADD) de dois Centros Universitários do município de São Paulo. O Núcleo foi criado em 2015 e, deste então, desenvolve ações de inclusão no contexto universitário a partir de um programa intitulado "Atenção Especial". O foco de atuação do programa é o acolhimento e apoio aos estudantes com deficiência, dificuldades de aprendizagem e outros transtornos por meio da sua identificação, estratégias de intervenção, encaminhamento e orientação. Atualmente, o programa acompanha 193 estudantes orientados por um protocolo de atendimento, que contempla diversas ações para favorecer a inclusão destes estudantes a partir da sua entrevista inicial: monitorias de reforço entre pares, nivelamento, cursos de apoio ao estudante, encaminhamento para clínicas de saúde, parceria com profissionais de saúde, acessibilidade física, tecnologia assistiva, orientação aos professores, atividades de sensibilização com estudantes e palestras a toda comunidade acadêmica. Os resultados do programa têm promovido, além da conscientização ampla de toda comunidade acadêmica, o favorecimento da inclusão e da permanência destes estudantes em um ambiente receptivo, inclusivo e legítimo.

In Higher Education, inclusive practice is recent, this totally new panorama requires that higher education institutions develop support and follow-up policies with actions that go beyond the availability of vacancies. In addition to this, the legal requirements for course evaluation and recognition also require evidences of inclusive practices in the university environment. The objective of this paper is to describe the performance of NADD - Núcleo de Apoio Discente e Docente (Nucleus for Faculty and Student Support) of two University Centers of the city of São Paulo. NADD was created in 2015 and, since then, develops inclusion actions in the university context with a program titled "Atenção Especial" (Special Attention). The focus of this program is the reception and support of students with disabilities, learning difficulties and other disorders through identification, intervention strategies, referral and orientation. Currently, 193 students guided by a service protocol that includes several actions to favor the inclusion of these students since their initial interview accompany the program: reinforcement, peer, leveling, student support courses, referral to health clinics, partnership with health professionals, physical accessibility and assistive technology. The results of the program have promoted, in addition to the broad awareness of the entire academic community, the favoring of inclusion and permanence of these students in a receptive, inclusive and legitimate environment.