Evaluation of trefoil factor 3 as a non-invasive biomarker of gastric intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer in a high-risk population.

BACKGROUND: Adenocarcinoma is preceded by chronic atrophic gastritis, gastric intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia. Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) is a peptide secreted by goblet cells, which is abundantly present in intestinal metaplasia. AIM: To evaluate the utility of serum TFF3 as a non-invasive biomarker for the diagnosis of intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer. METHODS: Single-center, cross-sectional study of 274 patients who consecutively underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with gastric biopsies (updated Sydney system). TFF3 levels were measured in serum by a commercial ELISA kit. Patients with normal histology or chronic atrophic gastritis without intestinal metaplasia comprised the control group. In addition, 14 patients with invasive gastric cancer were included as a reference group. The association between TFF3 levels and intestinal metaplasia was assessed by logistic regression. RESULTS: Patients with intestinal metaplasia (n=110) had a higher median TFF3 level as compared to controls (n=164), 13.1 vs. 11.9ng/mL, respectively (p=0.024). Multivariable logistic regression showed a no significant association between TFF3 levels and intestinal metaplasia (OR=1.20; 95%CI: 0.87-1.65; p-trend=0.273). The gastric cancer group had a median TFF3 level of 20.5ng/mL, and a significant association was found (OR=3.26; 95%CI: 1.29-8.27; p-trend=0.013). CONCLUSION: Serum levels of TFF3 do not discriminate intestinal metaplasia in this high-risk Latin American population. Nevertheless, we confirmed an association between TFF3 levels and invasive gastric cancer.

[Increase in colon cancer mortality rates in Chile, during the period 1990-2003]. / Aumento de la mortalidad por cáncer de colon en Chile, 1990-2003.

BACKGROUND: In Chile, colorectal cancer is the third cause of mortality due to digestive cancer. AIM: To assess the evolution of colon cancer mortality rates in the period 1990-2003. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Information was obtained from demography and vital statistics yearbooks, published by the Chilean National Statistics Institute. Mortality tendecies and slopes, were calculated using Pearson correlation analysis and linear regression. Proportions were compared using Chi square. RESULTS: There was a significantly rising tendency in mortality for colon cancer in the general population (r= 0.964, p <0.001), in men (r=0.926, p <0.001) and in women (r=0.943, p <0.001). This tendency was not modified if rates were corrected by age. Mortality among women was significantly higher in all study years. The increase in mortality rates in the period was 0.175/100,000 inhabitants per year. The higher mortality rates were observed during 2003, reaching 6.2/100,000 inhabitants. CONCLUSIONS: There was a steady increase in colon cancer mortality during the studied period.