Effects of Group Running on the Training Intensity Distribution of Collegiate Cross-Country Runners.

ABSTRACT: Farrell III, JW, Dunn, A, Cantrell, GS, Lantis, DJ, Larson, DJ, and Larson, RD. Effects of group running on the training intensity distribution of collegiate cross-country runners. J Strength Cond Res 35(10): 2862-2869, 2021-Collegiate cross-country training is often conducted and prescribed in a group setting. This may result in the application of an inappropriate training stimulus to athletes due to potentially different physiological responses to the same training prescription. The aim of this investigation was to quantify the training intensity distribution (TID) of a collegiate cross-country team and the associated physiological adaptions. Sixteen subjects, 8 male subjects and 8 female subjects, performed a graded exercise test before and after observational period to determine peak oxygen consumption (V̇o2peak), the speed (S@), heart rate (HR@), and oxygen consumption (V̇o2@) associated with 2 and 4 mmol·L-1 of blood lactate. Training intensity distribution was quantified by assessing time spent in 3 intensity zones calculated as zone 1 (low intensity, HR values HR@2 and HR@4). No statistical differences were observed between male subjects and female subjects for percent of training time spent in zones 1, 2, and 3. No significant interactions were observed between sex and time for performance variables. Male subjects and female subjects improved V̇o2peak, S@4, and V̇o2@4 with male subjects also increasing V̇o2@2. No significant differences were observed between male subjects and female subjects when comparing percent changes for variables. Examining individual data showed that 2 female subjects experienced performance decrements and trained proportionally more in zones 2 and 3 compared with the overall group. The TID and performance decrements of the 2 highlighted subjects suggest that conducting training in a group setting may potentially be detrimental for some collegiate runners.

An annotated catalog of the primary type material of Myriapoda deposited in the Florida State Collection of Arthropods in Gainesville, FL, USA.

The Florida State Collection of Arthropods (FSCA) is one of the top insect collections in the United States with in excess of eight million curated specimens and significant amounts of materials in bulk collections and other unprocessed samples. The subphylum Myriapoda currently comprises approximately 17,500 species in the four classes Diplopoda, Chilopoda, Symphyla, and Pauropoda. The FSCA houses type material in the Diplopoda orders Callipodida, Chordeumatida, Glomeridesmida, Julida, Polydesmida, Polyzoniida, Siphonophorida, Spirobolida, and Spirostreptida. This catalog documents the FSCA primary type material for 74 species in 45 genera in 25 families and nine orders within Diplopoda.

Effects of protease inhibitors on glucose tolerance, lipid metabolism, and body composition in children and adolescents infected with human immunodeficiency virus.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of protease inhibitors (PIs) as antiretroviral therapy in comparison with other antiretroviral (non-PI) medications on glucose tolerance, lipid metabolism, and body fat distribution in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected young patients. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional clinical study in an outpatient HIV clinic. The study population consisted of 21 patients (15 female and 6 male) who had had at least 6 months of antiretroviral treatment. The mean age of the patients was 11.9 years (range, 6 to 16.5). RESULTS: Fifteen patients treated with PIs and 6 patients treated with non-PIs were enrolled in the study. We found no significant differences in the lipid panel and insulin resistance, as determined by using the Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index formula, in the PI group in comparison with the non-PI group. Lipodystrophy was observed in 47% (7 of 15) of the PI group and 33% (2 of 6) of the non-PI group (P = 0.66). In the presence of lipodystrophy, serum triglyceride levels were higher in the PI group than in the non-PI group (P = 0.046). No such difference was found between the treatment groups when no lipodystrophy was present. There was no significant difference in insulin resistance between the treatment groups in the presence or absence of lipodystrophy. CONCLUSION: Our study found the presence of lipodystrophy in HIV-infected young patients regardless of whether they were taking PIs or not. In the patients who had lipodystrophy, those treated with PIs had higher serum triglyceride levels than those not treated with PIs.