Evaluation of Radiographic Outcomes of Alveolar Graft Associated with Premaxillary Osteotomy Performed with rhBMP-2.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of filling material and timing of surgery on radiograph outcomes of alveolar grafting with premaxillary osteotomy. The null hypothesis was that radiographic outcomes would be similar with both rhBMP-2 (rhBMP-2G) and cancellous bone from the iliac crest (IG), regardless of the timing of surgery. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study with consecutive sampling of 56 periapical or occlusal radiographs taken 12 months after surgery. SETTING: A single tertiary craniofacial center. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS: Twenty-eight patients with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate and mean age of 13 years. The individuals underwent bilateral alveolar grafting associated with premaxillary osteotomy (AG + PO) with rhBMP-2 or cancellous bone from the iliac crest. INTERVENTIONS: Experienced maxillofacial surgeons used the same surgical technique in both groups. AG + PO were assigned as success or failure by 3 blinded raters based on modified Bergland and SWAG scales. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The influence of filling materials and timing of surgery on radiographic outcomes was verified by Fisher's exact test and chi-square test (P < .05). RESULTS: There was no significance variation between the mean age of participants in the rhBMP-2G and IG (P = .471). Scales showed almost perfect reliability (agreement rate = 96.4%; K = 0.85). rhBMP-2G and IG had similar success rates with modified Bergland scale (85.7% and 82.1%) and SWAG scale (92.9% and 82.1%), respectively. However, only modified Bergland scale found influence of age on radiographic outcomes (P = .025). CONCLUSIONS: AG + PO performed with rhBMP-2 and iliac crest bone showed similar radiographic success rates, regardless of the timing of surgery.

Bone-anchored maxillary protraction therapy in patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate: 3-dimensional assessment of maxillary effects.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to 3-dimensionally assess the treatment outcomes of bone-anchored maxillary protraction (BAMP) in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate. METHODS: The cleft group comprised 24 patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate and Class III malocclusion with mean initial and final ages of 11.8 and 13.2 years, respectively. The noncleft group comprised 24 noncleft patients with Class III malocclusion with mean initial and final ages of 11.9 and 12.9 years, respectively. Cone-beam computed tomography examinations were performed before and after BAMP therapy in both groups and superimposed at the cranial base. Three-dimensional displacements of maxillary landmarks were quantified and visualized with color-coded maps and semitransparent superimpositions. The t test corrected for multiple testing (Holm-Bonferroni method), and the paired t test was used for statistical comparison between groups and sides, respectively (P <0.05). RESULTS: BAMP produced anterior (1.66 mm) and inferior (1.21 mm) maxillary displacements in the cleft group with no significant differences compared with the noncleft group. The maxillary first molars of the cleft group showed significantly greater medial displacement than did those in the noncleft group. The zygoma showed significantly greater lateral displacement at the cleft side compared with the noncleft side. CONCLUSIONS: BAMP caused similar amounts of maxillary protraction in patients with and without unilateral cleft lip and palatem with discrete differences between the cleft side and the noncleft side.

Are there bone dehiscences in maxillary canines orthodontically moved into the grafted alveolar cleft?

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to assess the bone morphology of teeth mesialized into the grafted region in patients with unilateral alveolar cleft. METHODS: The sample comprised 30 patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate with a mean age of 20.5 years. High-resolution cone-beam computed tomography images of the maxilla were obtained 6 months to 2 years after comprehensive orthodontic treatment. The contralateral canines and lateral incisors were used as controls. Axial section was used to measure the bone thickness, and cross section was used to measure the alveolar crest height using the cementoenamel junction as a reference. Paired t tests and Wilcoxon tests were used to compare the cleft and noncleft sides (P <0.05). RESULTS: High individual variability was found. In general, the canines in the cleft side had statistically thinner buccal bone plates than the contralateral teeth. No differences between the cleft and noncleft sides were found for the lingual bone plate thickness. The canine on the cleft side showed a slightly greater distance between the lingual alveolar crest and the cementoenamel junction than the lateral incisor in the noncleft side. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate, mesial orthodontic movement of the maxillary canines into the grafted alveolar cleft results in acceptable buccal and lingual periodontal morphology.

Protração maxilar ancorada em miniplacas na fissura labiopalatina ­ do diagnóstico à maturidade esquelética / Cleft lip and palate bone anchored maxillary protraction in miniplates ­ from diagnosis to skeletal maturity

Resumo O propósito deste trabalho consiste em descrever um caso com fissura transforame unilateral tratado com o protocolo de protração maxilar ancorado em miniplacas (BAMP) e acompanhado até o término do crescimento facial. Uma paciente do sexo feminino com fissura completa de lábio e palato unilateral esquerda iniciou o tratamento ortodôntico em um centro de reabilitação aos 7 anos de idade. Apresentava Padrão facial III por deficiência maxilar, relação interarcos GOSLON 4, trespasse horizontal negativo de 1,5mm e agenesia do incisivo lateral superior esquerdo. Na dentadura mista, foi submetida à expansão rápida da maxila seguida pelo procedimento de enxerto ósseo alveolar secundário. Aos 12 anos e 3 meses de idade, foram instaladas duas miniplacas na maxila e duas na mandíbula para terapia BAMP. A paciente foi orientada a usar os elásticos de Classe III em período integral, com força de 250g/lado, em conjunto com uma placa de levantamento de mordida no arco superior. A terapêutica ortopédica de protração maxilar durou 19 meses com obtenção de trespasse horizontal positivo e relação interarcos GOSLON 1. A análise cefalométrica demonstrou um suave avanço ortopédico da maxila. Os elásticos de Classe III passaram a ser utilizados somente no período noturno, como contenção ativa, concomitantemente à Fase 2 do tratamento ortodôntico. O tratamento ortodôntico corretivo compensatório estabeleceu uma oclusão adequada entre os arcos dentários, com melhora significativa da estética facial após a intervenção. O avanço cirúrgico da maxila não foi necessário.(AU)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to report a case with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (CLP) treated with bone anchored maxillary protraction (BAMP) in miniplates followed up until the end of facial growth. A 7-year-old girl with complete left side CLP started the orthodontic treatment in a rehabilitation center. She presented a Class III skeletal pattern due to maxillary deficiency, a GOSLON 4 sagittal interarch relationship, a negative overjet of 1.5mm and agenesis of left upper lateral incisor. In the mixed dentition, the patient was submitted to rapid maxillary expansion followed by the secondary alveolar bone grafting procedure. At 12y 3m two miniplates were installed in the maxilla and two in the mandible with BAMP therapy. The patient was instructed to use full time Class III elastics with force of 250g/side together with a bite lifting plate in the upper arch. BAMP therapy duration was 19 months leading to a positive overjet and GOSLON 1 sagittal interarch relationship. The cephalometric analysis demonstrated a mild maxilla advancement. Class III elastics started to be used only at night as an active retention concomitantly with Phase II orthodontic treatment. Compensatory corrective orthodontic treatment established adequate occlusion between the dental arches with significant improvement of facial aesthetics after the intervention. Le Fort 1 surgery with maxillary advancement was not necessary. (AU)

Tratamento ortodôntico-cirúrgico para o prognatismo pré-maxilar em fissura pré-forame bilateral completa / Orthodontic and surgical treatment for premaxillary prognatism in bilateral cleft lip and palate

A projeção da pré-maxila na fissura pré-forame bilateral completa é uma característica presente já ao nascimento. O processo reabilitador precoce iniciado pela cirurgia primária para a reconstituição da cinta labial busca o restabelecimento estético e funcional do estigma facial, assim como o recrudescimento do prognatismo pré-maxilar, proporcionado pela normatização da musculatura labial. O reposicionamento ortopédico-muscular da pré-maxila deve se consolidar ao final da dentição mista por meio do enxerto ósseo alveolar secundário, etapa cirúrgica que trará de volta a unidade maxilar perdida ao longo da formação da face no período embrionário gestacional. A falta dessa etapa no protocolo de reabilitação reafirma o hiato juncional entre os palatos primário e secundário, os quais passam a se comportar como entidades esqueléticas díspares e de crescimento dissonante, que acabam por consolidar o prognatismo pré-maxilar ao longo do desenvolvimento puberal. O presente artigo relata por meio de um caso clínico, o tratamento de uma paciente do sexo feminino, aos 19 anos de idade, com fissura pré-forame bilateral completa que foi submetida ao tratamento tardio de reposicionamento da pré-maxila. Nessas condições, o tratamento orto-cirúrgico para o reposicionamento da pré-maxila, associado ao enxerto ósseo alveolar terciário ao término do crescimento craniofacial, pode ser considerado uma opção de tratamento para o restabelecimento morfológico dessa condição.

PPremaxillary projection on bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) is an attribute already present on birth. The early rehabilitation process usually starts with primary lip surgery that aims to improve aesthetic and functional of facial stigma, as well as the premaxillary setback, provided by normalization of labial musculature. The repositioning of premaxilla should be consolidated at the end of mixed dentition by means of secondary alveolar graft, a surgery procedure that reestablishes the maxillary unit lost along embrionary face development. The lack on this surgical step consolidates the gap between primary and secondary palates. In this situation, they behave as distinct and dissonant growing skeletal unities, leading to consolidation of premaxillary prognatism. Under such conditions premaxillary repositioning surgery associated with alveolar bone graft after complete craniofacial growth seems to be a viable alternative for the reestablishment of premaxilla in BCLP patients.

Dente ectópico na cavidade nasal de paciente com fenda labiopalatina / Intranasal tooth in a patient with cleft lip palate

O desenvolvimento de dentes ectópicos pode ocorrer em uma variedade de locais na cavidade oral e outras partes do corpo. Teorias têm sido propostas para explicar o mecanismo de erupção dentária na cavidade nasal, dentre elas o tratamento cirúrgico das fissuras labiopalatina, principalmente as relacionadas às anormalidades de posição. Será descrito o caso de um paciente que foi submetido à cirurgia para fechamento de fissura transforme unilateral direita, tendo sido diagnosticada posteriormente a presença de um dente parcialmente irrompido na cavidade nasal. Serão considerados etiologia, diagnóstico e tratamentos disponíveis.

Enxerto ósseo alveolar secundário em pacientes portadores de fissuras lábio-palatais: um protocolo de tratamento

O enxerto ósseo alveolar secundário é um protocolo de tratamento utilizado no Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais/USP que promove a estabilidade dos segmentos maxilares, possibilitando a movimentação ortodôntica e a seqüencia do tratamento reabilitador. A idade indicada para a realização do enxerto ósseo está relacionada à idade cronológica entre 9 e 12 anos e a época de irrupção do canino permanente adjacente à fissura, pois, se realizado precocemente, impede o crescimento ântero-posterior da maxila e, se após essa irrupção, na grande maioria dos casos nota-se uma pobre condição periodontal da área. A área doadora de escolha é a crista ilíaca, por ser de fácil acesso e fornecer a quantidade suficiente, o que permite movimentação ortodôntica e seguir o plano de tratamento