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1.
Cell ; 178(5): 1260-1272.e14, 2019 08 22.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31442410

RESUMEN

Infectious disease is both a major force of selection in nature and a prime cause of yield loss in agriculture. In plants, disease resistance is often conferred by nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins, intracellular immune receptors that recognize pathogen proteins and their effects on the host. Consistent with extensive balancing and positive selection, NLRs are encoded by one of the most variable gene families in plants, but the true extent of intraspecific NLR diversity has been unclear. Here, we define a nearly complete species-wide pan-NLRome in Arabidopsis thaliana based on sequence enrichment and long-read sequencing. The pan-NLRome largely saturates with approximately 40 well-chosen wild strains, with half of the pan-NLRome being present in most accessions. We chart NLR architectural diversity, identify new architectures, and quantify selective forces that act on specific NLRs and NLR domains. Our study provides a blueprint for defining pan-NLRomes.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas NLR/genética , Alelos , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Resistencia a la Enfermedad/genética , Variación Genética , Genoma de Planta , Proteínas NLR/metabolismo , Enfermedades de las Plantas/genética , Inmunidad de la Planta , Especificidad de la Especie
2.
New Phytol ; 243(1): 330-344, 2024 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38742296

RESUMEN

Arabidopsis Col-0 RPP2A and RPP2B confer recognition of Arabidopsis downy mildew (Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis [Hpa]) isolate Cala2, but the identity of the recognized ATR2Cala2 effector was unknown. To reveal ATR2Cala2, an F2 population was generated from a cross between Hpa-Cala2 and Hpa-Noks1. We identified ATR2Cala2 as a non-canonical RxLR-type effector that carries a signal peptide, a dEER motif, and WY domains but no RxLR motif. Recognition of ATR2Cala2 and its effector function were verified by biolistic bombardment, ectopic expression and Hpa infection. ATR2Cala2 is recognized in accession Col-0 but not in Ler-0 in which RPP2A and RPP2B are absent. In ATR2Emoy2 and ATR2Noks1 alleles, a frameshift results in an early stop codon. RPP2A and RPP2B are essential for the recognition of ATR2Cala2. Stable and transient expression of ATR2Cala2 under 35S promoter in Arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana enhances disease susceptibility. Two additional Col-0 TIR-NLR (TNL) genes (RPP2C and RPP2D) adjacent to RPP2A and RPP2B are quantitatively required for full resistance to Hpa-Cala2. We compared RPP2 haplotypes in multiple Arabidopsis accessions and showed that all four genes are present in all ATR2Cala2-recognizing accessions.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis , Oomicetos , Enfermedades de las Plantas , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/microbiología , Arabidopsis/inmunología , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Enfermedades de las Plantas/inmunología , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Oomicetos/patogenicidad , Proteínas NLR/metabolismo , Proteínas NLR/genética , Nicotiana/genética , Nicotiana/microbiología , Nicotiana/inmunología , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Alelos
3.
New Phytol ; 237(2): 532-547, 2023 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35838065

RESUMEN

The oomycete Albugo candida causes white blister rust, an important disease of Brassica crops. Distinct races of A. candida are defined by their capacity to infect different host plant species. Each A. candida race encodes secreted proteins with a CX2 CX5 G ('CCG') motif that are polymorphic and show presence/absence variation, and are therefore candidate effectors. The White Rust Resistance 4 (WRR4) locus in Arabidopsis thaliana accession Col-0 contains three genes that encode intracellular nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat immune receptors. The Col-0 alleles of WRR4A and WRR4B confer resistance to multiple A. candida races, although both WRR4A and WRR4B can be overcome by the Col-0-virulent race 4 isolate AcEx1. Comparison of CCG candidate effectors in avirulent and virulent races, and transient co-expression of CCG effectors from four A. candida races in Nicotiana sp. or A. thaliana, revealed CCG effectors that trigger WRR4A- or WRR4B-dependent hypersensitive responses. We found eight WRR4A-recognised CCGs and four WRR4B-recognised CCGs, the first recognised proteins from A. candida for which the cognate immune receptors in A. thaliana are known. This multiple recognition capacity potentially explains the broad-spectrum resistance to several A. candida races conferred by WRR4 paralogues. We further show that of five tested CCGs, three confer enhanced disease susceptibility when expressed in planta, consistent with A. candida CCG proteins being effectors.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis , Brassica , Oomicetos , Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Proteínas NLR/metabolismo , Brassica/metabolismo , Oomicetos/metabolismo , Enfermedades de las Plantas/genética
4.
Plant J ; 107(5): 1490-1502, 2021 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34181787

RESUMEN

The oomycete Albugo candida causes white rust of Brassicaceae, including vegetable and oilseed crops, and wild relatives such as Arabidopsis thaliana. Novel White Rust Resistance (WRR) genes from Arabidopsis enable new insights into plant/parasite co-evolution. WRR4A from Arabidopsis accession Columbia (Col-0) provides resistance to many but not all white rust races, and encodes a nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat immune receptor. Col-0 WRR4A resistance is broken by AcEx1, an isolate of A. candida. We identified an allele of WRR4A in Arabidopsis accession Øystese-0 (Oy-0) and other accessions that confers full resistance to AcEx1. WRR4AOy-0 carries a C-terminal extension required for recognition of AcEx1, but reduces recognition of several effectors recognized by the WRR4ACol-0 allele. WRR4AOy-0 confers full resistance to AcEx1 when expressed in the oilseed crop Camelina sativa.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/genética , Resistencia a la Enfermedad/genética , Variación Genética , Oomicetos/fisiología , Enfermedades de las Plantas/inmunología , Alelos , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Arabidopsis/inmunología , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Camellia/genética , Camellia/inmunología , Hojas de la Planta , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente , Alineación de Secuencia , Nicotiana/genética , Nicotiana/inmunología
5.
Mol Plant Microbe Interact ; 35(1): 39-48, 2022 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34546764

RESUMEN

Albugo candida is an obligate oomycete pathogen that infects many plants in the Brassicaceae family. We resequenced the genome of isolate Ac2V using PacBio long reads and constructed an assembly augmented by Illumina reads. The Ac2VPB genome assembly is 10% larger and more contiguous compared with a previous version. Our annotation of the new assembly, aided by RNA-sequencing information, revealed a 175% expansion (40 to 110) in the CHxC effector class, which we redefined as "CCG" based on motif analysis. This class of effectors consist of arrays of phylogenetically related paralogs residing in gene sparse regions, and shows signatures of positive selection and presence/absence polymorphism. This work provides a resource that allows the dissection of the genomic components underlying A. candida adaptation and, particularly, the role of CCG effectors in virulence and avirulence on different hosts.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license.


Asunto(s)
Brassicaceae , Oomicetos , Candida/genética , Genoma , Oomicetos/genética , Enfermedades de las Plantas
6.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 116(7): 2767-2773, 2019 02 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30692254

RESUMEN

Arabidopsis thaliana accessions are universally resistant at the adult leaf stage to white rust (Albugo candida) races that infect the crop species Brassica juncea and Brassica oleracea We used transgressive segregation in recombinant inbred lines to test if this apparent species-wide (nonhost) resistance in A. thaliana is due to natural pyramiding of multiple Resistance (R) genes. We screened 593 inbred lines from an Arabidopsis multiparent advanced generation intercross (MAGIC) mapping population, derived from 19 resistant parental accessions, and identified two transgressive segregants that are susceptible to the pathogen. These were crossed to each MAGIC parent, and analysis of resulting F2 progeny followed by positional cloning showed that resistance to an isolate of A. candida race 2 (Ac2V) can be explained in each accession by at least one of four genes encoding nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) immune receptors. An additional gene was identified that confers resistance to an isolate of A. candida race 9 (AcBoT) that infects B. oleracea Thus, effector-triggered immunity conferred by distinct NLR-encoding genes in multiple A. thaliana accessions provides species-wide resistance to these crop pathogens.


Asunto(s)
Arabidopsis/inmunología , Brassica/microbiología , Oomicetos/patogenicidad , Enfermedades de las Plantas/inmunología , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/microbiología , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Genes de Plantas , Haplotipos , Inmunidad Innata , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología
7.
Plant Biotechnol J ; 18(7): 1610-1619, 2020 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31916350

RESUMEN

The plant immune system involves detection of pathogens via both cell-surface and intracellular receptors. Both receptor classes can induce transcriptional reprogramming that elevates disease resistance. To assess differential gene expression during plant immunity, we developed and deployed quantitative sequence capture (CAP-I). We designed and synthesized biotinylated single-strand RNA bait libraries targeted to a subset of defense genes, and generated sequence capture data from 99 RNA-seq libraries. We built a data processing pipeline to quantify the RNA-CAP-I-seq data, and visualize differential gene expression. Sequence capture in combination with quantitative RNA-seq enabled cost-effective assessment of the expression profile of a specified subset of genes. Quantitative sequence capture is not limited to RNA-seq or any specific organism and can potentially be incorporated into automated platforms for high-throughput sequencing.


Asunto(s)
Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , ARN , Análisis de Secuencia de ARN
8.
PLoS Pathog ; 12(8): e1005790, 2016 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27513727

RESUMEN

Plant volatiles play important roles in attraction of certain pollinators and in host location by herbivorous insects. Virus infection induces changes in plant volatile emission profiles, and this can make plants more attractive to insect herbivores, such as aphids, that act as viral vectors. However, it is unknown if virus-induced alterations in volatile production affect plant-pollinator interactions. We found that volatiles emitted by cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)-infected tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and Arabidopsis thaliana plants altered the foraging behaviour of bumblebees (Bombus terrestris). Virus-induced quantitative and qualitative changes in blends of volatile organic compounds emitted by tomato plants were identified by gas chromatography-coupled mass spectrometry. Experiments with a CMV mutant unable to express the 2b RNA silencing suppressor protein and with Arabidopsis silencing mutants implicate microRNAs in regulating emission of pollinator-perceivable volatiles. In tomato, CMV infection made plants emit volatiles attractive to bumblebees. Bumblebees pollinate tomato by 'buzzing' (sonicating) the flowers, which releases pollen and enhances self-fertilization and seed production as well as pollen export. Without buzz-pollination, CMV infection decreased seed yield, but when flowers of mock-inoculated and CMV-infected plants were buzz-pollinated, the increased seed yield for CMV-infected plants was similar to that for mock-inoculated plants. Increased pollinator preference can potentially increase plant reproductive success in two ways: i) as female parents, by increasing the probability that ovules are fertilized; ii) as male parents, by increasing pollen export. Mathematical modeling suggested that over a wide range of conditions in the wild, these increases to the number of offspring of infected susceptible plants resulting from increased pollinator preference could outweigh underlying strong selection pressures favoring pathogen resistance, allowing genes for disease susceptibility to persist in plant populations. We speculate that enhanced pollinator service for infected individuals in wild plant populations might provide mutual benefits to the virus and its susceptible hosts.


Asunto(s)
Arabidopsis/virología , Abejas/fisiología , Cucumovirus , Solanum lycopersicum/virología , Animales , Arabidopsis/fisiología , Conducta Alimentaria/fisiología , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Solanum lycopersicum/fisiología , Modelos Teóricos , Enfermedades de las Plantas/virología , Polinización/fisiología , Compuestos Orgánicos Volátiles/metabolismo
9.
Bioessays ; 38(8): 769-81, 2016 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27339076

RESUMEN

Intracellular NLR (Nucleotide-binding domain and Leucine-rich Repeat-containing) receptors are sensitive monitors that detect pathogen invasion of both plant and animal cells. NLRs confer recognition of diverse molecules associated with pathogen invasion. NLRs must exhibit strict intramolecular controls to avoid harmful ectopic activation in the absence of pathogens. Recent discoveries have elucidated the assembly and structure of oligomeric NLR signalling complexes in animals, and provided insights into how these complexes act as scaffolds for signal transduction. In plants, recent advances have provided novel insights into signalling-competent NLRs, and into the myriad strategies that diverse plant NLRs use to recognise pathogens. Here, we review recent insights into the NLR biology of both animals and plants. By assessing commonalities and differences between kingdoms, we are able to develop a more complete understanding of NLR function.


Asunto(s)
Inmunidad Innata , Infecciones/metabolismo , Proteínas NLR/fisiología , Plantas/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Animales , Infecciones/inmunología , Plantas/inmunología , Plantas/microbiología
10.
PLoS Pathog ; 10(10): e1004443, 2014 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25329884

RESUMEN

Plants have evolved strong innate immunity mechanisms, but successful pathogens evade or suppress plant immunity via effectors delivered into the plant cell. Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa) causes downy mildew on Arabidopsis thaliana, and a genome sequence is available for isolate Emoy2. Here, we exploit the availability of genome sequences for Hpa and Arabidopsis to measure gene-expression changes in both Hpa and Arabidopsis simultaneously during infection. Using a high-throughput cDNA tag sequencing method, we reveal expression patterns of Hpa predicted effectors and Arabidopsis genes in compatible and incompatible interactions, and promoter elements associated with Hpa genes expressed during infection. By resequencing Hpa isolate Waco9, we found it evades Arabidopsis resistance gene RPP1 through deletion of the cognate recognized effector ATR1. Arabidopsis salicylic acid (SA)-responsive genes including PR1 were activated not only at early time points in the incompatible interaction but also at late time points in the compatible interaction. By histochemical analysis, we found that Hpa suppresses SA-inducible PR1 expression, specifically in the haustoriated cells into which host-translocated effectors are delivered, but not in non-haustoriated adjacent cells. Finally, we found a highly-expressed Hpa effector candidate that suppresses responsiveness to SA. As this approach can be easily applied to host-pathogen interactions for which both host and pathogen genome sequences are available, this work opens the door towards transcriptome studies in infection biology that should help unravel pathogen infection strategies and the mechanisms by which host defense responses are overcome.


Asunto(s)
Arabidopsis/efectos de los fármacos , Arabidopsis/genética , Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno/inmunología , Oomicetos/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades de las Plantas/inmunología , Inmunidad de la Planta/inmunología , Ácido Salicílico/farmacología , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Secuencia de Bases/genética , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas , Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno/efectos de los fármacos , Oomicetos/genética , Enfermedades de las Plantas/genética , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Ácido Salicílico/metabolismo
11.
Science ; 383(6684): eadk3468, 2024 Feb 16.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38359131

RESUMEN

Plant intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) analyzed to date oligomerize and form resistosomes upon activation to initiate immune responses. Some NLRs are encoded in tightly linked co-regulated head-to-head genes whose products function together as pairs. We uncover the oligomerization requirements for different Arabidopsis paired CHS3-CSA1 alleles. These pairs form resting-state heterodimers that oligomerize into complexes distinct from NLRs analyzed previously. Oligomerization requires both conserved and allele-specific features of the respective CHS3 and CSA1 Toll-like interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domains. The receptor kinases BAK1 and BIRs inhibit CHS3-CSA1 pair oligomerization to maintain the CHS3-CSA1 heterodimer in an inactive state. Our study reveals that paired NLRs hetero-oligomerize and likely form a distinctive "dimer of heterodimers" and that structural heterogeneity is expected even among alleles of closely related paired NLRs.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis , Quitina Sintasa , Proteínas NLR , Enfermedades de las Plantas , Inmunidad de la Planta , Receptores Inmunológicos , Alelos , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/inmunología , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/química , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Quitina Sintasa/química , Quitina Sintasa/genética , Quitina Sintasa/metabolismo , Mutación , Proteínas NLR/química , Proteínas NLR/genética , Proteínas NLR/metabolismo , Enfermedades de las Plantas/genética , Enfermedades de las Plantas/inmunología , Inmunidad de la Planta/genética , Receptores Inmunológicos/química , Receptores Inmunológicos/genética , Receptores Inmunológicos/metabolismo , Multimerización de Proteína
12.
Cell Host Microbe ; 30(12): 1701-1716.e5, 2022 12 14.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36257318

RESUMEN

Some plant NLR immune receptors are encoded in head-to-head "sensor-executor" pairs that function together. Alleles of the NLR pair CHS3/CSA1 form three clades. The clade 1 sensor CHS3 contains an integrated domain (ID) with homology to regulatory domains, which is lacking in clades 2 and 3. In this study, we defined two cell-death regulatory modes for CHS3/CSA1 pairs. One is mediated by ID domain on clade 1 CHS3, and the other relies on CHS3/CSA1 pairs from all clades detecting perturbation of an associated pattern-recognition receptor (PRR) co-receptor. Our data support the hypothesis that an ancestral Arabidopsis CHS3/CSA1 pair gained a second recognition specificity and regulatory mechanism through ID acquisition while retaining its original specificity as a "guard" against PRR co-receptor perturbation. This likely comes with a cost, since both ID and non-ID alleles of the pair persist in diverse Arabidopsis populations through balancing selection.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Alelos , Receptores Inmunológicos/genética , Muerte Celular , Receptores de Reconocimiento de Patrones , Inmunidad de la Planta/genética , Proteínas NLR/genética
13.
Science ; 373(6553): 420-425, 2021 07 23.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34140391

RESUMEN

Plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) regulate immunity and cell death. In Arabidopsis, a subfamily of "helper" NLRs is required by many "sensor" NLRs. Active NRG1.1 oligomerized, was enriched in plasma membrane puncta, and conferred cytoplasmic calcium ion (Ca2+) influx in plant and human cells. NRG1.1-dependent Ca2+ influx and cell death were sensitive to Ca2+ channel blockers and were suppressed by mutations affecting oligomerization or plasma membrane enrichment. Ca2+ influx and cell death mediated by NRG1.1 and ACTIVATED DISEASE RESISTANCE 1 (ADR1), another helper NLR, required conserved negatively charged N-terminal residues. Whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings demonstrated that Arabidopsis helper NLRs form Ca2+-permeable cation channels to directly regulate cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels and consequent cell death. Thus, helper NLRs transduce cell death signals directly.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Arabidopsis/química , Canales de Calcio/química , Calcio/metabolismo , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/química , Proteínas NLR/química , Arabidopsis , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Canales de Calcio/metabolismo , Señalización del Calcio , Muerte Celular , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Células HEK293 , Células HeLa , Humanos , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/metabolismo , Proteínas NLR/metabolismo , Técnicas de Placa-Clamp , Dominios Proteicos , Estructura Secundaria de Proteína
14.
Curr Opin Plant Biol ; 50: 82-94, 2019 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31063902

RESUMEN

Plant nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing (NLR) proteins function as intracellular receptors in response to pathogens and activate effector-triggered immune responses (ETI). The activation of some sensor NLRs (sNLR) by their corresponding pathogen effector is well studied. However, the mechanisms by which the recently defined helper NLRs (hNLR) function to transduce sNLR activation into ETI-associated cell death and disease resistance remains poorly understood. We briefly summarize recent examples of sNLR activation and we then focus on hNLR requirements in sNLR-initiated immune responses. We further discuss how shared sequence homology with fungal self-incompatibility proteins and the mammalian mixed lineage kinase domain like pseudokinase (MLKL) proteins informs a plausible model for the structure and function of an ancient clade of plant hNLRs, called RNLs.


Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de las Plantas , Plantas , Animales , Resistencia a la Enfermedad , Proteínas Fúngicas , Proteínas NLR , Inmunidad de la Planta , Proteínas de Plantas
15.
Nat Commun ; 10(1): 174, 2019 01 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30622270

RESUMEN

The original version of this article contained an error in the author affiliations. Oliver J. Furzer was incorrectly associated with Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, 430072, Wuhan, China.This has now been corrected in the HTML version of the article. The PDF version of the article was correct at the time of publication.Furthermore, the original version of this article stated that correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to Heidelberg.Center.for.Personalized.Oncology, DKFZ-HIPO, DKFZ, Heidelberg 69120Germany S.A. (email: shuta.asai@riken.jp) or to J.D.G.J. (email: jonathan.jones@tsl.ac.uk). The words "Heidelberg.Center.for.Personalized.Oncology, DKFZ-HIPO, DKFZ, Heidelberg 69120Germany" were introduced inadvertently.This has now been corrected in the PDF version of the article. The HTML version of the article was correct at the time of publication.

16.
Nat Commun ; 9(1): 5192, 2018 12 05.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30518923

RESUMEN

Pathogen co-evolution with plants involves selection for evasion of host surveillance systems. The oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis (Hpa) causes downy mildew on Arabidopsis, and race-specific interactions between Arabidopsis accessions and Hpa isolates fit the gene-for-gene model in which host resistance or susceptibility are determined by matching pairs of plant Resistance (R) genes and pathogen Avirulence (AVR) genes. Arabidopsis Col-0 carries R gene RPP4 that confers resistance to Hpa isolates Emoy2 and Emwa1, but its cognate recognized effector(s) were unknown. We report here the identification of the Emoy2 AVR effector gene recognized by RPP4 and show resistance-breaking isolates of Hpa on RPP4-containing Arabidopsis carry the alleles that either are not expressed, or show cytoplasmic instead of nuclear subcellular localization.


Asunto(s)
Arabidopsis/microbiología , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Citoplasma/metabolismo , Oomicetos/genética , Oomicetos/metabolismo , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Factores de Virulencia/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Núcleo Celular/genética , Citoplasma/genética , Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno , Enfermedades de las Plantas/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Transporte de Proteínas , Factores de Virulencia/genética
17.
Nat Commun ; 6: 6338, 2015 Mar 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25744164

RESUMEN

Plant immunity requires recognition of pathogen effectors by intracellular NB-LRR immune receptors encoded by Resistance (R) genes. Most R proteins recognize a specific effector, but some function in pairs that recognize multiple effectors. Arabidopsis thaliana TIR-NB-LRR proteins RRS1-R and RPS4 together recognize two bacterial effectors, AvrRps4 from Pseudomonas syringae and PopP2 from Ralstonia solanacearum. However, AvrRps4, but not PopP2, is recognized in rrs1/rps4 mutants. We reveal an R gene pair that resembles and is linked to RRS1/RPS4, designated as RRS1B/RPS4B, which confers recognition of AvrRps4 but not PopP2. Like RRS1/RPS4, RRS1B/RPS4B proteins associate and activate defence genes upon AvrRps4 recognition. Inappropriate combinations (RRS1/RPS4B or RRS1B/RPS4) are non-functional and this specificity is not TIR domain dependent. Distinct putative orthologues of both pairs are maintained in the genomes of Arabidopsis thaliana relatives and are likely derived from a common ancestor pair. Our results provide novel insights into paired R gene function and evolution.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Inmunidad de la Planta/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/inmunología , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Mapeo Cromosómico , Cartilla de ADN/genética , Evolución Molecular , Immunoblotting , Proteínas Repetidas Ricas en Leucina , Filogenia , Hojas de la Planta/genética , Hojas de la Planta/metabolismo , Proteínas/genética , Proteínas/metabolismo , Pseudomonas syringae/genética , Pseudomonas syringae/metabolismo , Ralstonia solanacearum/genética , Ralstonia solanacearum/metabolismo , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Especificidad de la Especie , Factores de Transcripción/genética
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