Dedicated cautery-enhanced tubular self-expandable metal stent for endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy: feasibility study.

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) is an alternative for biliary drainage in patients with obstructive pancreaticobiliary pathology when endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is not feasible. Despite its effectiveness, EUS-HGS is associated with a significant risk of adverse events. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a newly designed dedicated cautery-enhanced tubular self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) for EUS-HGS. METHODS: This multicenter prospective study included patients with malignant biliary obstruction in whom ERCP had failed because of tumor infiltration, inability to drain the intrahepatic ducts, or surgically altered anatomy. A dedicated cautery-enhanced tubular SEMS was used for EUS-HGS. Technical and clinical success rates, procedure times, and adverse events were evaluated. RESULTS: 20 patients underwent EUS-HGS with the dedicated stent. Technical and clinical success rates of 100% were achieved, with no reported severe adverse events or mortality. The median procedure time was 16 minutes. Recurrent biliary obstruction was observed in 1 patient. CONCLUSIONS: The dedicated cautery-enhanced tubular SEMS for EUS-HGS can simplify the procedure and enhance its safety and efficacy. This innovation shows promise for improving patient outcomes, although further studies are needed to validate these findings in a broader patient population.

[Intermed: an integrated nursing support model in primary care medicine]. / Intermed : un modèle de soutien infirmier intégré en médecine de premier recours.

Intermed, a primary care support nurse (PCN) model, was piloted from 2014 to 2021 in a general practice in La Chaux-de-Fonds. In collaboration with the physician and medical assistant, the PCN supports a proactive Chronic Care Model organization, and focuses specifically on patients in complex chronic situations. Integrated into the medical center, the PCN benefits from a close relationship with the physician. Her services, without apparent additional cost, often clarify the functioning of the network around the patients while allowing the latter to regain control over their care. However, her independent status makes her activity economically unviable within the framework of the LAMal and would require a mode of salaried employment which remains to be invented.

Intermed, modèle de soins intégrant une infirmière de soutien en soins de premier recours (ISP), a été expérimenté de 2014 à 2021 dans un centre de médecine générale à La Chaux-de-Fonds. En collaboration avec le médecin et l'assistante médicale, l'ISP soutient une organisation proactive de type Chronic Care Model et se centre plus particulièrement sur les patients en situation chronique complexe. Intégrée dans le centre médical, l'ISP bénéficie d'une relation de proximité forte avec le médecin qui en fait un atout important. Si les prestations de l'ISP, sans surcoût apparent, clarifient souvent le fonctionnement du réseau autour des patients tout en permettant à ces derniers de reprendre un contrôle sur leurs soins, son statut d'indépendante rend son activité économiquement peu viable dans le cadre de la LAMal et nécessiterait un mode de salariat qui reste à inventer.

EUS-BD for calibration of benign stenosis of the bile duct in patients with altered anatomy or inaccessible papilla.

Background and study aims In cases of inaccessible papilla, EUS-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) has been described as an alternative to calibrate benign biliary stenosis. However, few studies are available. Patients and methods This tw-center, retrospective study was designed to evaluate technical success and clinical success at 1 year. All patients who underswent EUS-BD without the rendezvous technique used for calibration of benign biliary stenosis were included from 2016 to 2022. Patients underwent EUS-hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) during the first session. Then, HGS was used to access the bile duct, allowing calibration of the stenosis: Dilation of the biliary stenosis and placement of double pigtail stents through the stenosis for 1 year. Results Thirty-six patients were included. Technical success was 89% (32/36), with four failures to cross the stenosis but EUS-HGS was performed in 100% of the cases. Nine patients were excluded during calibration because of oncological relapse in six and complex stenosis in three. Three patients had not yet reached 1 year of follow-up. Twenty patients had a calibration for at least 1 year. Clinical success after stent placement was considered in all cases after 1 year of follow-up. Thirteen patients underwent stent removal and no relapse occurred after 435 days of follow-up (SD=568). Global morbidity was 41.7% (15/36) with only one serious complication (needing intensive care), including seven cases of cholangitis due to intrabiliary duct obstruction and five stent migrations. No deaths were reported. Conclusions EUS-BD for calibration in case of benign biliary stenosis is an option. Dedicated materials are needed to decrease morbidity.

In vivo organoid growth monitoring by stimulated Raman histology.

Patient-derived tumor organoids have emerged as a crucial tool for assessing the efficacy of chemotherapy and conducting preclinical drug screenings. However, the conventional histological investigation of these organoids necessitates their devitalization through fixation and slicing, limiting their utility to a single-time analysis. Here, we use stimulated Raman histology (SRH) to demonstrate non-destructive, label-free virtual staining of 3D organoids, while preserving their viability and growth. This novel approach provides contrast similar to conventional staining methods, allowing for the continuous monitoring of organoids over time. Our results demonstrate that SRH transforms organoids from one-time use products into repeatable models, facilitating the efficient selection of effective drug combinations. This advancement holds promise for personalized cancer treatment, allowing for the dynamic assessment and optimization of chemotherapy treatments in patient-specific contexts.

Rapid on-site cytopathological examination (ROSE) performed by endosonagraphers and its improvement in the diagnosis of pancreatic solid lesions

PURPOSE: To evaluate the diagnosis improvement of EUS-FNA when using ROSE performed by the endosonographer. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted. A total of 48 pancreatic solid masses EUS-FNA were divided into two groups according to the availability of on-site cytology (ROSE) - the first 24 patients (group A-without ROSE) and the latter 24 cases (group B-with ROSE). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy, complications and inadequacy rate of EUS-FNA were determined and compared. RESULTS: Among the 48 EUS-FNA, the overall performance was: sensitivity 82%; specificity 100%; positive predictive value (PPV) 100%; negative predictive value (NPV) 70% and accuracy 87%. The sensitivity of the Group A was 71%, versus 94% in-group B (p=0.61). Moreover, the negative predictive value was 58% versus 87% (p=0.72). The accuracy rate increased from 79% to 96% (p=0.67) in the ROSE group. The number of punctures was similar between the groups. No major complications were reported. CONCLUSION: Rapid on-site cytopathological examination, even when performed by the endosonographer, may improve the diagnostic performance in the diagnosis of solid pancreatic lesions, regardless of the slight increase in the number of punctures. .

Derivaciones biliopancreáticas guiadas por ultrasonido endoscópico: descripción de caso y revisión de la literatura / Endoscopic ultrasound guided biliopancreatic diversion: case description and literature review

En este trabajo se presenta el primer caso reportado de hepatogastrostomía guiada por ultrasonido endoscópico,realizada en un paciente con antecedente de cirugía bariátrica (banda gástrica), y se revisan la evolución clínica y de la técnica, así como los accesorios utilizados. Se complementa este caso clínico con unarevisión detallada y actualizada de la literatura médica referente a las derivaciones biliopancreáticas guiadaspor ultrasonido endoscópico, las cuales son procedimientos en rápido desarrollo e incrementan el armamentarium terapéutico para los pacientes que requieren derivaciones biliares o pancreáticas, y en quienes hafallado la derivación por colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE) o no es posible realizarla; también lo es para quienes no son candidatos a la alternativa de la derivación biliar percutánea o la rechazan. Entre los mencionados procedimientos se incluyen la hepatogastrostomía guiada por ultrasonido endoscópico, el rendezvous biliopancreático guiado por ultrasonido endoscópico, la oledocoduodenostomía guiada por ultrasonido endoscópico, la colecistogastrostomía guiada por ultrasonido endoscópico y la pancreatogastrostomíaguiada por ultrasonido endoscópico. Se hará, además, una descripción técnica de cada uno de estos procedimientos y de los accesorios requeridos.Finalmente, se plantea el manejo de los pacientes, guiados por los pioneros de mayor experiencia en estas técnicas en el mundo; procedimientos que ya tienen un lugar reconocido dentro del armamentarium terapéutico de los pacientes que ameritan tal tipo de derivaciones.

In this paper we present the fi rst reported case of endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepatic-gastrostomy, performed on a patient with a history of bariatric surgery (gastric banding). We review the patient’s clinical history and thetechnology and accessories used. This case report is supplemented with a detailed and updated review of themedical literature regarding endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary-pancreatic diversions. These procedures are rapidly developing in a way that is increasing the therapeutic armory for patients who require biliary or pancreatic derivations but who do not meet the requirements for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP),and who are not candidates for, or who reject, the option of percutaneous biliary bypass.These procedures include the hepatic gastrostomy guided by endoscopic ultrasound, biliary-pancreatic rendezvous guided by endoscopic ultrasound, endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy, endoscopic ultrasonography-guided cholecystogastrostomy and endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreatic gastrostomy.This article provides a technical description of each of these procedures and the accessories required.Finally, we present patient management following the guide of the most experienced pioneers of thesetechniques in the world. These procedures already have a well-recognized place in the therapeutic armory for patients who require this kind of diversion.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided endoscopic transmural drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts

BACKGROUND: Surgery is the traditional treatment for symptomatic pancreatic pseudocysts, but the morbidity is still too high. Minimally invasive endoscopic approaches have been encouraged. AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic ultrasound-guided endoscopic transmural drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts. METHODS: From January, 2003 to August, 2006, 31 consecutive symptomatic patients submitted to 37 procedures at the same endoscopic unit were retrospectively analysed. Chronic and acute pancreatitis were found in, respectively, 17 (54.8 percent) and 10 (32.3 percent) cases. Bulging was present in 14 (37.8 percent) cases. Cystogastrostomy or cystoduodenostomy were created with an interventional linear echoendoscope under endosonographic and fluoroscopic control. By protocol, only a single plastic stent, without nasocystic drain, was used. Straight or double pigtail stents were used in, respectively, 22 (59.5 percent) and 15 (40.5 percent) procedures. RESULTS: Endoscopic ultrasound-guided transmural drainage was successful in 29 (93.5 percent) patients. Two cases needed surgery, both due to procedure-related complications. There was no mortality related to the procedure. Twenty-four patients were followed-up longer than 4 weeks. During a mean follow-up of 12.6 months, there were six (25 percent) symptomatic recurrences due to stent clogging or migration, with two secondary infections. Median time for developing complications and recurrence of the collections was 3 weeks. These cases were successfully managed with new stents. Complications were more frequent in patients treated with straight stents and in those with a recent episode of acute pancreatitis. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic transmural drainage provides an effective approach to the management of pancreatic pseudocysts.

RACIONAL: A abordagem cirúrgica é o tratamento tradicional para os pseudocistos sintomáticos de pâncreas, contudo a morbidade permanece elevada. Terapêuticas endoscópicas minimamente invasivas têm sido encorajadas. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia da drenagem endoscópica transmural de pseudocistos de pâncreas guiada por ecoendoscopia. MÉTODOS: De janeiro de 2003 a agosto de 2006, 31 pacientes sintomáticos submetidos a 37 procedimentos no mesmo centro de referência foram analisados retrospectivamente. Pancreatite crônica e aguda foram detectadas em, respectivamente, 17 (54,8 por cento) e 10 (32,3 por cento) pacientes. Abaulamento da parede esteve presente em 14 (37,8 por cento) casos. Cistogastrostomias ou cistoduodenostomias foram criadas com um ecoendoscópio linear sob controle endosonográfico e fluoroscópico. Como rotina, apenas uma única prótese plástica foi empregada, sem dreno nasocístico. Próteses retas ou " double pigtail" foram empregadas em, respectivamente, 22 (59,5 por cento) e 15 (40,5 por cento) procedimentos. RESULTADOS: A drenagem endoscópica foi adequada em 29 (93,5 por cento) pacientes. Dois casos necessitaram intervenção cirúrgica por complicações do procedimento. Não houve mortalidade relacionada ao procedimento. Vinte e quatro pacientes contaram com seguimento superior a 4 semanas. Durante seguimento médio de 12,6 meses, ocorreram seis (25 por cento) recurrências sintomáticas por obstrução ou migração da prótese, com infecção secundária em dois casos, todos manejados com novas próteses. O tempo mediano para ocorrência de complicações foi de 3 semanas. Complicações tardias foram mais freqüentes em pacientes tratados com próteses retas e naqueles com história recente de pancreatite aguda. CONCLUSÔES: A drenagem endoscópica transmural constitui abordagem efetiva para o manejo dos pseudocistos de pâncreas.

Drenagem de pseudocisto de pâncreas guiada por ecoendoscopia: relato do 1º caso no Rio Grande do Sul / Endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreatic pseudocyst drainage: report of the first case in Rio Grande do Sul

A terapêutica cirúrgica constitui abordagem comum para o manejo de pseudocistos sintomáticos de pâncreas em muitos centros, apesar da morbidade acentuada e da mortalidade. Com o advento da ultrassonografia endoscópica, terapêuticas endoscópicas minimamente invasivas, como a drenagem transmural ecoguiada, têm demonstrado resultados tão bons ou superiores aos da terapêutica cirúrgica. Desta forma, cistogastrostomias ou cistoduodenostomias com inserção de próteses plásticas podem ser criadas com o emprego de ecoendoscópios lineares sob controle endossonográfico, endoscópico e fluoroscópico. Neste relato, apresentamos um paciente com pseudocisto secundário a pancreatite aguda submetido à drenagem trans-gástrica ecoguiada.

Surgical therapy is a common approach for management of symptomatic pancreatic pseudocysts in many centers despite severe morbidity and mortality. With the emergence of endoscopic ultrasonography, minimally invasive endoscopic therapies, such as ultrasound-guided trans-mural drainage, have shown results as good as or superior to surgical therapy. In this way, cystogastrostomy or cystoduodenostomy with insertion of plastic prostheses can be created with the use of linear echo-endoscopes under endosonographic, endoscopic and fluoroscopic guidance. In this report, we present a patient with pseudocyst secondary to acute pancreatitis who underwent ultrasound-guided trans-gastric drainage.

p53 and Ki-67 in Barrett's carcinoma: is there any value to predict recurrence after circumferential endoscopic mucosal resection? / p53 e Ki-67 no carcinoma do esôfago de Barrett: algum valor na predição da recurrência após mucosectomia endoscópica circunferencial?

BACKGROUND: There are situations in which the specimens obtained after endoscopic mucosal resection of superficial adenocarcinoma arising from Barrett's esophagus are not adequate for histopathological assessment of the margins. In these cases, immunohistochemistry might be an useful tool for predicting cancer recurrence. AIM: To evaluate the value of p53 and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry in predicting the cancer recurrence in patients with Barrett's esophagus-related cancer referred to circumferential endoscopic mucosal resection. METHODS: Mucosectomy specimens from 41 patients were analyzed. All endoscopic biopsies prior to endoscopic mucosal resection presented high-grade dysplasia and cancer was detected in 23 of them. Positive reactions were considered the intense coloration in the nuclei of at least 90 percent of the cells in each high-power magnification field, and immunostaining could be classified as superficial or diffuse according to the mucosal distribution of the stained nuclei. RESULTS: Endoscopic mucosal resection samples detected cancer in 21 cases. In these cases, p53 immunohistochemistry revealed a diffuse positivity for the great majority of these cancers (90.5 percent vs. 20 percent), and Ki-67 showed a diffuse pattern for all cases (100 percent vs. 30 percent); conversely, patients without cancer revealed a superficial or negative pattern for p53 (80 percent vs. 9.5 percent) and Ki-67 (70 percent vs. 0 percent). During a mean follow-up of 31.6 months, 5 (12.2 percent) patients developed six episodes of recurrent cancer. Endoscopic mucosal resection specimens did not show any significant difference in the p53 and Ki-67 expression for patients developing cancer after endoscopic treatment. CONCLUSIONS: p53 and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry were useful to confirm the cancer; however, they had not value for predicting the recurrent carcinoma after circumferential endoscopic mucosal resection of Barrett's carcinoma.

RACIONAL: Há situações nas quais o material obtido após mucosectomia endoscópica do adenocarcinoma superficial do esôfago de Barrett é inadequado para avaliação histopatológica de suas margens. Nesses casos, a imunoistoquímica poderia ser de auxílio para predição da recurrência tumoral. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o valor da detecção imunoistoquímica da p53 e do Ki-67 na predição da recurrência tumoral após mucosectomia endoscópica circunferencial do câncer no esôfago de Barrett. MÉTODOS: Foi analisado o material proveniente de mucosectomias de 41 pacientes. Todas as biopsias endoscópicas pré-mucosectomia apresentavam displasia de alto grau e câncer foi detectado em 23 casos. A imunorreatividade foi definida pela coloração de, pelo menos, 90 por cento dos núcleos em cada campo de grande aumento, podendo ser classificada como superficial ou difusa, conforme a distribuição celular dos núcleos corados. RESULTADOS: A mucosectomia detectou o câncer em 21 casos. Nesses casos, a p53 revelou padrão difuso de positividade para a maioria dos casos (90,5 por cento vs. 20 por cento) e o Ki-67 demonstrou padrão difuso para todos os portadores de câncer (100 por cento vs. 30 por cento). Por sua vez, pacientes sem câncer revelaram padrão negativo ou apenas superficial para a p53 (80 por cento vs. 9,5 por cento) e para o Ki-67 (70 por cento vs. 0 por cento). Durante seguimento médio de 31,6 meses, cinco (12,2 por cento) pacientes apresentaram seis episódios de câncer recurrente. Neste grupo, os fragmentos de mucosectomia não demonstraram nenhuma diferença significativa na expressão imunoistoquímica da p53 e do Ki-67 nos pacientes desenvolvendo câncer após o tratamento endoscópico. CONCLUSÕES: A imunoistoquímica da p53 e do Ki-67 é útil na confirmação do câncer; contudo não demonstra nenhum valor na predição da recurrência tumoral após mucosectomia endoscópica circunferencial do esôfago de Barrett com adenocarcinoma.