[Laryngeal and tracheal stenoses following prolonged intubation and tracheotomy]. / Larynx- und Trachealstenosen nach prolongierter Intubation und Tracheotomie.

Within 15 years we observed 8 stenoses following longtime intubation and tracheostomy (1.87% of all patients who underwent longtime-intubation and 1.11% of all patients following tracheostomy). The stenoses were diagnosed between 4 weeks and 6 months after removal of the device. The primary disease, especially shock, is more important for the development of stenoses than the duration of intubation.

A meta-analytic investigation of linkage and association of common leptin receptor (LEPR) polymorphisms with body mass index and waist circumference.

METHODS: We analyzed data pooled from nine studies on the human leptin receptor (LEPR) gene for the association of three alleles (K109R, Q223R and K656N) of LEPR with body mass index (BMI; kg/m(2)) and waist circumference (WC). A total of 3263 related and unrelated subjects from diverse ethnic backgrounds including African-American, Caucasian, Danish, Finnish, French Canadian and Nigerian were studied. We tested effects of individual alleles, joint effects of alleles at multiple loci, epistatic effects among alleles at different loci, effect modification by age, sex, diabetes and ethnicity, and pleiotropic genotype effects on BMI and WC. RESULTS: We found that none of the effects were significant at the 0.05 level. Heterogeneity tests showed that the variations of the non-significant effects are within the range of sampling variation. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that, although certain genotypic effects could be population-specific, there was no statistically compelling evidence that any of the three LEPR alleles is associated with BMI or WC in the overall population.