RESUMEN
IntroductionIn France, three complementary surveillance networks involving hospitals and paediatrician practices currently allow pertussis surveillance among infants (<1 year old) and children (1-12 years old). Data on incidences among adolescents (13-17 years old) and adults (≥ 18 years) are scarce. In 2017, a sentinel surveillance system called Sentinelles network, was implemented among general practitioners (GPs).AimThe purpose of Sentinelles network is to assess pertussis incidence, monitor the cases' age distribution and evaluate the impact of the country's vaccination policy. We present the results from the first 4 years of this surveillance.MethodsGPs of the French Sentinelles network reported weekly numbers of epidemiologically or laboratory-confirmed cases and their characteristics.ResultsA total of 132 cases were reported over 2017-2020. Estimated national incidence rates per 100,000 inhabitants were 17 (95% confidence interval (CI): 12-22) in 2017, 10 (95% CI: 6-14) in 2018, 15 (95% CI: 10-20) in 2019 and three (95% CI: 1-5) in 2020. The incidence rate was significantly lower in 2020 than in 2017-2019. Women were significantly more affected than men (83/132; 63% of women, p = 0.004); 66% (87/132) of cases were aged 15 years or over (median age: 31.5 years; range: 2 months-87 years). Among 37 vaccinated cases with data, 33 had received the recommended number of doses for their age.ConclusionsThese results concur with incidences reported in other European countries, and with studies showing that the incidences of several respiratory diseases decreased in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results also suggest a shift of morbidity towards older age groups, and a rapid waning of immunity after vaccination, justifying to continue this surveillance.
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COVID-19 , Médicos Generales , Tos Ferina , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , COVID-19/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Francia/epidemiología , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Pandemias , Tos Ferina/diagnóstico , Tos Ferina/epidemiología , Tos Ferina/prevención & controlRESUMEN
BackgroundInterventions to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic may impact other respiratory diseases.AimsWe aimed to study the course of pertussis in France over an 8-year period including the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and its association with COVID-19 mitigation strategies, using multiple nationwide data sources and regression models.MethodsWe analysed the number of French pertussis cases between 2013 and 2020, using PCR test results from nationwide outpatient laboratories (Source 1) and a network of the paediatric wards from 41 hospitals (Source 2). We also used reports of a national primary care paediatric network (Source 3). We conducted a quasi-experimental interrupted time series analysis, relying on negative binomial regression models. The models accounted for seasonality, long-term cycles and secular trend, and included a binary variable for the first national lockdown (start 16 March 2020).ResultsWe identified 19,039 pertussis cases from these data sources. Pertussis cases decreased significantly following the implementation of mitigation measures, with adjusted incidence rate ratios of 0.10 (95% CI: 0.04-0.26) and 0.22 (95% CI: 0.07-0.66) for Source 1 and Source 2, respectively. The association was confirmed in Source 3 with a medianâ¯of, respectively, one (IQR: 0-2) and 0 cases (IQR: 0-0) per month before and after lockdown (p = 0.0048).ConclusionsThe strong reduction in outpatient and hospitalised pertussis cases suggests an impact of COVID-19 mitigation measures on pertussis epidemiology. Pertussis vaccination recommendations should be followed carefully, and disease monitoring should be continued to detect any resurgence after relaxation of mitigation measures.
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COVID-19 , Tos Ferina , COVID-19/epidemiología , Niño , Control de Enfermedades Transmisibles , Francia/epidemiología , Humanos , Almacenamiento y Recuperación de la Información , Pandemias , Tos Ferina/epidemiología , Tos Ferina/prevención & controlRESUMEN
BackgroundBordetella pertussis is the main agent of whooping cough. Vaccination with acellular pertussis vaccines has been largely implemented in high-income countries. These vaccines contain 1 to 5 antigens: pertussis toxin (PT), filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA), pertactin (PRN) and/or fimbrial proteins (FIM2 and FIM3). Monitoring the emergence of B. pertussis isolates that might partially escape vaccine-induced immunity is an essential component of public health strategies to control whooping cough.AimWe aimed to investigate temporal trends of fimbriae serotypes and vaccine antigen-expression in B. pertussis over a 23-year period in France (1996-2018).MethodsIsolates (nâ¯=â¯2,280) were collected through hospital surveillance, capturing one third of hospitalised paediatric pertussis cases. We assayed PT, FHA and PRN production by Western blot (n = 1,428) and fimbriae production by serotyping (n = 1,058). Molecular events underlying antigen deficiency were investigated by genomic sequencing.ResultsThe proportion of PRN-deficient B. pertussis isolates has increased steadily from 0% (0/38) in 2003 to 48.4% (31/64) in 2018 (chi-squared test for trend, p < 0.0001), whereas only 5 PT-, 5 FHA- and 9 FIM-deficient isolates were found. Impairment of PRN production was predominantly due to IS481 insertion within the prn gene or a 22 kb genomic inversion involving the prn promoter sequence, indicative of convergent evolution. FIM2-expressing isolates have emerged since 2011 at the expense of FIM3.ConclusionsB. pertussis is evolving through the rapid increase of PRN-deficient isolates and a recent shift from FIM3 to FIM2 expression. Excluding PRN, the loss of vaccine antigen expression by circulating B. pertussis isolates is epidemiologically insignificant.
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Bordetella pertussis , Tos Ferina , Proteínas de la Membrana Bacteriana Externa/genética , Bordetella pertussis/genética , Niño , Francia/epidemiología , Humanos , Toxina del Pertussis , Vacuna contra la Tos Ferina , Factores de Virulencia de Bordetella/genética , Tos Ferina/epidemiología , Tos Ferina/prevención & controlRESUMEN
IntroductionPERTINENT is a pilot active surveillance system of infants hospitalised with pertussis in six European Union/European Economic Area countries (37 hospitals, seven sites).AimThis observational study aimed to estimate annual pertussis incidence per site from 2016 to 2018 and respective trends between 2017 and 2018. Pertussis cases were described, including their severity.MethodsWe developed a generic protocol and laboratory guidelines to harmonise practices across sites. Cases were hospitalised infants testing positive for Bordetella pertussis by PCR or culture. Sites collected demographic, clinical, laboratory data, vaccination status, and risk/protective factors. We estimated sites' annual incidences by dividing case numbers by the catchment populations.ResultsFrom December 2015 to December 2018, we identified 469 cases (247 males; 53%). The median age, birthweight and gestational age were 2.5 months (range: 0-11.6; interquartile range (IQR): 2.5), 3,280 g (range: 700-4,925; IQR: 720) and 39 weeks (range: 25-42; IQR: 2), respectively. Thirty cases (6%) had atypical presentation either with cough or cyanosis only or with absence of pertussis-like symptoms. Of 330 cases with information, 83 (25%) were admitted to intensive care units including five deceased infants too young to be vaccinated. Incidence rate ratios between 2018 and 2017 were 1.43 in Czech Republic (p = 0.468), 0.25 in Catalonia (p = 0.002), 0.71 in France (p = 0.034), 0.14 in Ireland (p = 0.002), 0.63 in Italy (p = 0.053), 0.21 in Navarra (p = 0.148) and zero in Norway.ConclusionsIncidence appeared to decrease between 2017 and 2018 in all but one site. Enhanced surveillance of hospitalised pertussis in Europe is essential to monitor pertussis epidemiology and disease burden.
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Tos Ferina , Anciano , Bordetella pertussis , República Checa , Europa (Continente) , Unión Europea , Francia , Hospitalización , Hospitales , Humanos , Incidencia , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Irlanda , Italia , Masculino , Noruega , Vacuna contra la Tos Ferina , Vacunación , Tos Ferina/diagnóstico , Tos Ferina/epidemiología , Tos Ferina/prevención & controlRESUMEN
IntroductionPertussis outbreaks have occurred in several industrialised countries using acellular pertussis vaccines (ACVs) since the 1990s. High prevalence of pertactin (PRN)-deficient Bordetella pertussis isolates has been found in these countries.AimsTo evaluate in Europe: (i) whether proportions of PRN-deficient strains increased in consecutive collections of B. pertussis clinical isolates; (ii) if the frequency of PRN-deficient strains in countries correlated with the time since ACV introduction; (iii) the presence of pertussis toxin (PT)-, filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA)- or fimbriae (Fim)-deficient isolates.MethodsB. pertussis clinical isolates were obtained from different European countries during four periods (EUpert I-IV studies): 1998 to 2001 (n = 102), 2004 to 2005 (n = 154), 2007 to 2009 (n = 140) and 2012 to 2015 (n = 265). The isolates' selection criteria remained unchanged in all periods. PRN, PT, FHA and Fim2 and Fim3 expression were assessed by ELISA.ResultsIn each period 1.0% (1/102), 1.9% (3/154), 6.4% (9/140) and 24.9% (66/265) of isolates were PRN-deficient. In EUpert IV, PRN-deficient isolates occurred in all countries sampled and in six countries their frequency was higher than in EUpert III (for Sweden and the United Kingdom, p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0155, respectively). Sweden and Italy which used ACVs since the mid 1990s had the highest frequencies (69%; 20/29 and 55%; 11/20, respectively) while Finland, where primary immunisations with ACV containing PRN dated from 2009 had the lowest (3.6%). Throughout the study, no PT- or FHA-deficient isolate and one Fim2/3-deficient was detected.ConclusionResults suggest that the longer the period since the introduction of ACVs containing PRN, the higher the frequency of circulating PRN-deficient isolates.
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Bordetella pertussis/genética , Bordetella pertussis/aislamiento & purificación , Vacuna contra la Tos Ferina/inmunología , Factores de Virulencia de Bordetella/genética , Tos Ferina/diagnóstico , Antígenos Bacterianos/genética , Antígenos Bacterianos/inmunología , Proteínas de la Membrana Bacteriana Externa , Bordetella pertussis/inmunología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Europa (Continente)/epidemiología , Humanos , Toxina del Pertussis/genética , Toxina del Pertussis/inmunología , Factores de Tiempo , Vacunas Acelulares/inmunología , Factores de Virulencia de Bordetella/inmunología , Tos Ferina/epidemiología , Tos Ferina/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Bordetella pertussis causes whooping cough, a highly contagious respiratory disease that is reemerging in many world regions. The spread of antigen-deficient strains may threaten acellular vaccine efficacy. Dynamics of strain transmission are poorly defined because of shortcomings in current strain genotyping methods. Our objective was to develop a whole-genome genotyping strategy with sufficient resolution for local epidemiologic questions and sufficient reproducibility to enable international comparisons of clinical isolates. We defined a core genome multilocus sequence typing scheme comprising 2,038 loci and demonstrated its congruence with whole-genome single-nucleotide polymorphism variation. Most cases of intrafamilial groups of isolates or of multiple isolates recovered from the same patient were distinguished from temporally and geographically cocirculating isolates. However, epidemiologically unrelated isolates were sometimes nearly undistinguishable. We set up a publicly accessible core genome multilocus sequence typing database to enable global comparisons of B. pertussis isolates, opening the way for internationally coordinated surveillance.
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Bordetella pertussis/clasificación , Bordetella pertussis/genética , Genoma Bacteriano , Genómica , Tos Ferina/epidemiología , Tos Ferina/microbiología , Alelos , Bordetella pertussis/aislamiento & purificación , Brotes de Enfermedades , Genómica/métodos , Salud Global , Humanos , Repeticiones de Minisatélite , Tipificación de Secuencias Multilocus , Filogenia , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Vigilancia de la Población , Secuenciación Completa del GenomaRESUMEN
One reason for increased pertussis incidence is the adaptation of Bordetella pertussis to vaccine-induced immunity by modulating its genomic structure. This study, EUpert IV, includes 265 isolates collected from nine European countries during 2012 to 2015 (n = 265) and compares the results to previous EUpert I to III studies (1998 to 2009). The analyses included genotyping, serotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA). Genotyping results showed only small variations among the common virulence genes of B. pertussis The frequencies of serotypes Fim2 and Fim3 varied among the four collections. Genomic analyses showed that MLVA type 27 increased to 80% between the periods of 1998 to 2001 and 2012 to 2015. Two PFGE profiles, BpSR3 (29.4%) and BpSR10 (27.2%), constituted more than 50% of the circulating isolates in the present collection. Our study indicates that the European B. pertussis population is changing and became more homogenous after the introduction of acellular pertussis vaccines.
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Bordetella pertussis/genética , Monitoreo Epidemiológico , Tos Ferina/epidemiología , Tos Ferina/virología , Bordetella pertussis/aislamiento & purificación , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Europa (Continente)/epidemiología , Genes Bacterianos/genética , Variación Genética , Genoma Bacteriano/genética , Genotipo , Humanos , Tipificación Molecular , Vacuna contra la Tos Ferina/inmunología , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Serogrupo , SerotipificaciónRESUMEN
The French National Reference Centre (NRC) for Whooping Cough carried out an external quality control (QC) analysis in 2010 for the PCR diagnosis of whooping cough. The main objective of the study was to assess the impact of this QC in the participating laboratories through a repeat analysis in 2012.
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Ensayos de Aptitud de Laboratorios , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/normas , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/normas , Control de Calidad , Tos Ferina/diagnóstico , Francia , Humanos , Laboratorios de Hospital , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/métodos , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Calidad de la Atención de Salud/normas , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
We report 2 cases of pulmonary Bordetella hinzii infection in immunodeficient patients. One of these rare cases demonstrated the potential transmission of the bacteria from an avian reservoir through occupational exposure and its persistence in humans. We establish bacteriologic management of these infections and suggest therapeutic options if needed.
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Infecciones por Bordetella/microbiología , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/microbiología , Adulto , Anciano , Animales , Infecciones por Bordetella/epidemiología , Infecciones por Bordetella/transmisión , Humanos , Huésped Inmunocomprometido , Enfermedades Pulmonares/microbiología , Masculino , Infecciones Oportunistas/microbiología , Infecciones Oportunistas/transmisión , Aves de Corral/microbiología , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Between March and October 2022, a peak of detection of Bordetella parapertussis by qPCR, real-time PCR was observed in France.Hypothesis/Gap Statement. Whether this peak was due to resurgence from previous circulating lineages or reintroduction into the country was unknown.Objective. The objective of this study is to understand B. parapertussis-transient increase observed in France in 2022 whereas it had virtually stopped being reported since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.Methods. We analysed real-time PCR (qPCR) data from the two largest French outpatient laboratories performing whooping cough diagnosis and characterized all B. parapertussis isolates collected in the 2016-2022 period by the French National Reference Centre for Whooping Cough.Results. Microbiological analyses reveal that 13 of 18 bacterial isolates collected in 2022 produce the vaccine antigen pertactin, whereas none of the 22 isolates collected in the 2016-2021 period did.Conclusion. We hypothesize a re-introduction of B. parapertussis from regions of the world where whole-cell vaccines are still in use.
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Bordetella parapertussis , Tos Ferina , Francia/epidemiología , Humanos , Bordetella parapertussis/genética , Bordetella parapertussis/aislamiento & purificación , Tos Ferina/epidemiología , Tos Ferina/microbiología , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Proteínas de la Membrana Bacteriana Externa/genética , Infecciones por Bordetella/microbiología , Infecciones por Bordetella/epidemiología , Niño , Preescolar , Adulto , Factores de Virulencia de Bordetella/genética , Femenino , COVID-19/epidemiología , Adolescente , Lactante , Masculino , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Bordetella pertussis still circulates worldwide despite vaccination. Fimbriae are components of some acellular pertussis vaccines. Population fluctuations of B. pertussis fimbrial serotypes (FIM2 and FIM3) are observed, and fim3 alleles (fim3-1 [clade 1] and fim3-2 [clade 2]) mark a major phylogenetic subdivision of B. pertussis. OBJECTIVES: To compare microbiological characteristics and expressed protein profiles between fimbrial serotypes FIM2 and FIM3 and genomic clades. METHODS: A total of 19 isolates were selected. Absolute protein abundance of the main virulence factors, autoagglutination and biofilm formation, bacterial survival in whole blood, induced blood cell cytokine secretion, and global proteome profiles were assessed. RESULTS: Compared to FIM3, FIM2 isolates produced more fimbriae, less cellular pertussis toxin subunit 1 and more biofilm, but auto-agglutinated less. FIM2 isolates had a lower survival rate in cord blood, but induced higher levels of IL-4, IL-8 and IL-1ß secretion. Global proteome comparisons uncovered 15 differentially produced proteins between FIM2 and FIM3 isolates, involved in adhesion and metabolism of metals. FIM3 isolates of clade 2 produced more FIM3 and more biofilm compared to clade 1. CONCLUSION: FIM serotype and fim3 clades are associated with proteomic and other biological differences, which may have implications on pathogenesis and epidemiological emergence.
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Bordetella pertussis , Tos Ferina , Humanos , Serogrupo , Proteínas Fimbrias/genética , Filogenia , Proteoma/genética , Proteómica , Factores de Virulencia de Bordetella/genética , Vacuna contra la Tos Ferina , Fimbrias Bacterianas/genética , Fimbrias Bacterianas/metabolismoRESUMEN
A macrolide antimicrobial drug was administered to a newborn with cough. On day 23 of hospitalization, macrolide-resistant Bordetella pertussis was isolated from nasopharyngeal aspirates. DNA sequencing and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism showed a 2047 A-to-G mutation in the 3 copies of the 23S rRNA gene. Monitoring for macrolide resistance is essential in infants <6 months of age.
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Bordetella pertussis/efectos de los fármacos , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Tos Ferina/diagnóstico , Azitromicina/farmacología , Azitromicina/uso terapéutico , Bordetella pertussis/genética , Claritromicina/farmacología , Claritromicina/uso terapéutico , Análisis Mutacional de ADN , Recambio Total de Sangre , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , ARN Ribosómico 23S/genética , Resultado del Tratamiento , Tos Ferina/terapiaRESUMEN
The genus Bordetella includes bacteria that are found in the environment and/or associated with humans and other animals. A few closely related species, including Bordetella pertussis, are human pathogens that cause diseases such as whooping cough. Here, we present a large database of Bordetella isolates and genomes and develop genotyping systems for the genus and for the B. pertussis clade. To generate the database, we merge previously existing databases from Oxford University and Institut Pasteur, import genomes from public repositories, and add 83 newly sequenced B. bronchiseptica genomes. The public database currently includes 2582 Bordetella isolates and their provenance data, and 2085 genomes ( https://bigsdb.pasteur.fr/bordetella/ ). We use core-genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) to develop genotyping systems for the whole genus and for B. pertussis, as well as specific schemes to define antigenic, virulence and macrolide resistance profiles. Phylogenetic analyses allow us to redefine evolutionary relationships among known Bordetella species, and to propose potential new species. Our database provides an expandable resource for genotyping of environmental and clinical Bordetella isolates, thus facilitating evolutionary and epidemiological research on whooping cough and other Bordetella infections.
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Tos Ferina , Animales , Antibacterianos , Biodiversidad , Bordetella pertussis/genética , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Genómica , Humanos , Macrólidos , Filogenia , Tos Ferina/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In April-May, 2013, France modified its pertussis vaccination schedule, which uses the acellular pertussis vaccine, from three primary doses at 2, 3, and 4 months of age and a first booster at 16-18 months of age (former schedule) to two primary doses at 2 and 4 months of age and a first booster at 11 months of age (new schedule). We aimed to assess the subsequent effect of the vaccine schedule change on pertussis epidemiology in France. METHODS: In this modelling study, using data collected between Jan 1, 2012, and Dec 31, 2019, from French national surveillance sources, we analysed the PCR test results of nasopharyngeal swabs collected from symptomatic outpatients aged 2-20 years with suspected pertussis. We developed a negative binomial regression model for the number of confirmed pertussis cases by year and age to assess the relative risks of pertussis depending on vaccine schedule. The linear predictor included the year, the age group, the population size, and a proxy of waning immunity. We tested different models in which waning immunity could vary with vaccine schedule and type of primary vaccine. The models were fitted to the 2012-18 data via Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling, and the 2019 data were left out for external model validation. We also compared the anti-pertussis toxin (PT) antibody concentrations in leftover sera from children not tested for pertussis or recent respiratory tract infection aged 2-5 years born before and after the vaccine schedule change. FINDINGS: We collected data on 7493 confirmed cases of pertussis. The model that best fitted the 2012-18 epidemiological data supported a faster waning of immunity following vaccination with the new vaccine schedule. 3 years after vaccination, the risk of developing pertussis was 1·7 (95% CI 1·4-2·0) times higher for children vaccinated according to the new schedule than those vaccinated according to the former schedule. The model correctly predicted the age distribution of cases in 2019. Geometric mean concentrations (GMC) of anti-PT IgG were 50% lower in children aged 2 years vaccinated with the new schedule (GMC=5·85 IU/mL [95% CI 4·08-8·39]) than in children of the same age vaccinated with the former schedule (GMC=11·62 IU/mL [95% CI 9·05-14·92]; p=0·0016), and 43% lower in children aged 3 years vaccinated with the new schedule (GMC=3·88 IU/mL [95% CI 2·82-5·34]) than those with the former schedule (GMC=6·80 IU/mL [95% CI 4·77-9·70]; p=0·026). INTERPRETATION: A shorter-lived protection induced by the new vaccine schedule recommended in France since 2013 is associated with an increase of pertussis cases in children aged 2-5 years. If similar findings are observed in other countries and clinical trials, these findings should be considered in future pertussis vaccination policies. FUNDING: INCEPTION, Labex-IBEID, Institut Pasteur, and Santé Publique France.
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Vacunas contra Difteria, Tétanos y Tos Ferina Acelular , Tos Ferina , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos , Teorema de Bayes , Niño , Humanos , Inmunización Secundaria , Toxina del Pertussis , Vacuna contra la Tos Ferina , Tos Ferina/epidemiología , Tos Ferina/prevención & controlRESUMEN
As with other pathogens, competitive interactions between Bordetella pertussis strains drive infection risk. Vaccines are thought to perturb strain diversity through shifts in immune pressures; however, this has rarely been measured because of inadequate data and analytical tools. We used 3344 sequences from 23 countries to show that, on average, there are 28.1 transmission chains circulating within a subnational region, with the number of chains strongly associated with host population size. It took 5 to 10 years for B. pertussis to be homogeneously distributed throughout Europe, with the same time frame required for the United States. Increased fitness of pertactin-deficient strains after implementation of acellular vaccines, but reduced fitness otherwise, can explain long-term genotype dynamics. These findings highlight the role of vaccine policy in shifting local diversity of a pathogen that is responsible for 160,000 deaths annually.
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Bordetella pertussis , Tos Ferina , Bordetella pertussis/genética , Europa (Continente) , Genotipo , Humanos , Vacuna contra la Tos Ferina , Tos Ferina/epidemiología , Tos Ferina/prevención & controlRESUMEN
We report the repeated isolation of Bordetella petrii in the sputum of a 79-year-old female patient with diffuse bronchiectasis and persistence of the bacterium for >1 year. The patient was first hospitalized due to dyspnea, which developed into severe cough with purulent sputum that yielded B. petrii on culture. After this first episode, the patient was hospitalized an additional 4 times with bronchorrhea symptoms. The isolates collected were analyzed by using biochemical, genotypic, and proteomic tools. Expression of specific proteins was analyzed by using serum samples from the patient. The B. petrii isolates were compared with other B. petrii isolates collected from humans or the environment and with isolates of B. pertussis, B. parapertussis, B. bronchiseptica, and B. holmesii, obtained from human respiratory tract infections. Our observations indicate that B. petrii can persist in persons with chronic pulmonary obstructive disease as has been previously demonstrated for B. bronchiseptica.
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Infecciones por Bordetella/microbiología , Bordetella/fisiología , Anciano , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Bordetella/efectos de los fármacos , Bordetella/genética , Bordetella/aislamiento & purificación , Cromosomas Bacterianos/genética , Femenino , Genoma Bacteriano/genética , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , ARN Ribosómico 16S/genética , Análisis de Secuencia , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
We evaluated the performances of 4 commercial real-time PCR kits for Bordetella pertussis IS481 sequence detection in nasopharyngeal aspirates by comparison with an in-house real-time PCR assay. Among them, the Simplexa Bordetella pertussis/parapertussis assay (Focus Diagnostics), the SmartCycler Bordetella pertussis/parapertussis assay (Cepheid), and Bordetella R-gene (Argene) present sensitivities over 90%. One kit proved unsuitable for routine clinical use.
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Técnicas Bacteriológicas/métodos , Bordetella pertussis/aislamiento & purificación , Nasofaringe/microbiología , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa/métodos , Tos Ferina/diagnóstico , Bordetella pertussis/genética , Humanos , Juego de Reactivos para Diagnóstico , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Tos Ferina/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Pertussis is routinely diagnosed with real-time PCR based on insertion sequence IS481, which is not specific for Bordetella pertussis. We conducted a retrospective study using real-time PCRs specific for Bordetella pertussis and for Bordetella holmesii on 177 samples positive for IS481 PCR. Bordetella holmesii DNA was detected in 20.3% samples collected from adolescents and adults.
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Infecciones por Bordetella/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Bordetella/epidemiología , Bordetella/aislamiento & purificación , ADN Bacteriano/aislamiento & purificación , Nasofaringe/microbiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Bordetella/genética , Infecciones por Bordetella/microbiología , Niño , Preescolar , Elementos Transponibles de ADN , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Francia , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Prevalencia , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Syndromic respiratory panels are increasingly used worldwide. Their performance for detection of Bordetella pertussis needs to be evaluated. We found that the FilmArray Respiratory Panel 2plus (RP2+) assay, which uses the pertussis toxin promoter target for B. pertussis, can only detect highly charged samples. Negative RP2+â results should not be interpreted as an absence of B. pertussis in clinical samples.
RESUMEN
Pathogenic circulating vaccine-derived polioviruses (cVDPVs) have become a major obstacle to the successful completion of the global polio eradication program. Most cVDPVs are recombinant between the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) and human enterovirus species C (HEV-C). To study the role of HEV-C sequences in the phenotype of cVDPVs, we generated a series of recombinants between a Madagascar cVDPV isolate and its parental OPV type 2 strain. Results indicated that the HEV-C sequences present in this cVDPV contribute to its characteristics, including pathogenicity, suggesting that interspecific recombination contributes to the phenotypic biodiversity of polioviruses and may favor the emergence of cVDPVs.