RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a common clinical condition with significant impact on quality of life. The etiology and pathogenesis of CPP is poorly understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To examine the epidemiology, base line demographics, and clinical variables, women with CPP were prospectively analysed by an integrated and synchronised approach. RESULTS: Of the 89 women with CPP analysed, the majority were assessed earlier, had a variety of surgical interventions and used pharmacological agents. Irritable bowel syndrome, dysfunction of the pelvic floor musculoskeletal system, and physical or sexual abuse were the most common diagnosed etiologies. Evaluation revealed an increased level of psychological impairment. DISCUSSION: CPP is a debilitating clinical condition and a result of complex interaction between different contributing factors. Patients will benefit from an orchestrated, multidisciplinary, and synchronized approach with attention paid to the different domains of pain. Treatment is mostly not curative; avoiding profound suffering despite persisting pain should be the goal.
Asunto(s)
Dolor Pélvico/epidemiología , Adulto , Enfermedad Crónica , Endometriosis/complicaciones , Femenino , Humanos , Síndrome del Colon Irritable/complicaciones , Persona de Mediana Edad , Países Bajos/epidemiología , Clínicas de Dolor , Trastornos del Suelo Pélvico/complicaciones , Dolor Pélvico/etiología , Dolor Pélvico/terapia , Estudios Prospectivos , Delitos Sexuales , Adherencias Tisulares/complicacionesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of an exercise programme for pregnant women who were overweight or obese and at risk for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). DESIGN: Randomised controlled trial. SETTING: Hospitals and midwifery practices in the Netherlands. POPULATION: Pregnant women who were overweight or obese and at risk for GDM between 2007 and 2011. METHODS: Normal care was compared with an exercise training programme during pregnancy. The training consisted of aerobic and strength exercises, and was aimed at improving maternal fasting blood glucose, insulin sensitivity, and birthweight. Linear regression analyses were performed to determine the effects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Maternal outcome measures were fasting blood glucose (mmol/l), fasting insulin (pmol/l) and HbA1c (%), body weight (kg), body mass index (kg/m(2) ), and daily physical activity (minute/week). Offspring outcome measures were birthweight and fetal growth. RESULTS: A total of 121 women were randomly allocated to either a control (n = 59) or an intervention (n = 62) group. Intention-to-treat analysis showed that the exercise programme did not reduce maternal fasting blood glucose levels nor insulin sensitivity. Also, no effect was found on birthweight. CONCLUSIONS: The exercise intervention performed over the second and third trimester of pregnancy had no effects on fasting blood glucose, insulin sensitivity, and birthweight, most probably because of low compliance. The high prevalence of women at risk for GDM calls for further research on possible interventions that can prevent GDM, and other types of interventions to engage this target group in physical activity and exercise.
Asunto(s)
Peso al Nacer/fisiología , Glucemia/metabolismo , Diabetes Gestacional/prevención & control , Terapia por Ejercicio/métodos , Resistencia a la Insulina/fisiología , Sobrepeso/terapia , Adulto , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/genética , Diabetes Gestacional/sangre , Diabetes Gestacional/fisiopatología , Ayuno/sangre , Femenino , Edad Gestacional , Hemoglobina Glucada/metabolismo , Humanos , Sobrepeso/sangre , Sobrepeso/fisiopatología , Cooperación del Paciente , Linaje , Embarazo , Resultado del Embarazo , Segundo Trimestre del Embarazo , Tercer Trimestre del EmbarazoRESUMEN
Requests to place an unborn child under formal supervision was made in the course of two pregnancies. The first woman was 27 years old, she had a history of schizophrenia, forensic psychiatric care, and a personality disorder with impulsive aggressive behaviour. The second patient was 36 years old. She had a bipolar disorder due to which her firstborn had been placed in foster care. In the first case, formal supervision for the unborn child ensued. In the second case the request was initially denied, but due to the disordered domestic situation was granted ten days after birth. Prior to birth, a relevant risk assessment based on maternal characteristics can be made. In the Netherlands it is possible to place a foetus under formal supervision after 24 weeks gestation. This may prevent hospitalization of a healthy newborn in an unhealthy environment which is poor in stimuli. It also prevents the stressful situation that may arise when parents threaten to take their newborn child from the hospital, pending the inquiry into the domestic situation.
Asunto(s)
Bienestar del Lactante , Competencia Mental , Trastornos de la Personalidad/complicaciones , Esquizofrenia/complicaciones , Adulto , Agresión/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Competencia Mental/psicología , Trastornos de la Personalidad/psicología , EmbarazoRESUMEN
Two women, aged 28 and 37 years, both suffering from a psychiatric disorder i.e. puerperal psychosis and mood-disorder respectively, violently ended their lives at 12 days and 5 months after delivery. Early identification of risk factors in a multidisciplinary setting can lead to effective early management of psychiatric disorders during pregnancy and the puerperium. Negative outcomes such as suicide and even infanticide may consequently be prevented. The most common risk factors for suicide during pregnancy and the puerperium are: a history of psychiatric disorders, a family history of psychiatric disorders and current psychiatric symptomatology. Important recommendations to reduce maternal mortality due to psychiatric disorders include improvement of communication between health professionals and systematic registration of maternal mortality.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos Psicóticos Afectivos/mortalidad , Mortalidad Materna , Trastornos Psicóticos/mortalidad , Trastornos Puerperales/mortalidad , Suicidio/psicología , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Trastornos Puerperales/psicologíaRESUMEN
The most frequently occurring pre- and postpartum psychiatric disorders are depression and, to a lesser degree, panic disorder and psychosis. Apart from the negative effects on the psychological well-being of the mother, these psychiatric disorders may also result in obstetric complications and an impaired mother-infant relationship. In order to prevent these negative effects, mothers who are at risk for major psychiatric disorders need to be identified early, preferably before or during pregnancy. The most important risk factor is a history of psychiatric disorders. Obstetric risk factors for depression are unplanned or unwanted pregnancy, pregnancy-related hypertension, emergency caesarean section and early discharge from the hospital. Other factors are low socioeconomic status, recent life event, negative self-image, little social support, immigration in the last 5 years, feelings of loss of control during pregnancy and feeding problems with the child. For treatment, pregnant or puerperal women with a possible psychiatric disorder based on the presence of a serious risk factor, such as a previously experienced psychiatric disorder (related to pregnancy or not), serious current psychiatric symptoms or long-time use of psychoactive drugs, should be referred preferably to a combined psychiatric/obstetric clinic or, if unavailable, to a psychiatrist in a general hospital.