Anthropometric and Body Composition Profile of Young Professional Soccer Players.

Bernal-Orozco, MF, Posada-Falomir, M, Quiñónez-Gastélum, CM, Plascencia-Aguilera, LP, Arana-Nuño, JR, Badillo-Camacho, N, Márquez-Sandoval, F, Holway, FE, and Vizmanos-Lamotte, B. Anthropometric and body composition profile of young professional soccer players. J Strength Cond Res 34(7): 1911-1923, 2020-The purpose was to describe the anthropometric and body composition profile of young professional soccer players and to compare the players profiles between different competitive divisions and playing positions. A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out with anthropometric data obtained from the records of soccer players of Club Deportivo Guadalajara, S.A. de C.V. (Mexico) in the under-17, under-20, second, third, and fourth division categories. Body mass, height, sitting-height, skinfolds, girths, and bone breadths were measured by certified anthropometrists from September 2011 to March 2015, following the procedures recommended by the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry. Body composition was determined using the 5-way fractionation method. Comparisons between playing positions in each division and between divisions were performed using analysis of variance, and Bonferroni's post-hoc analyses (SPSS version 22 for Windows, p < 0.05 considered as significant). Data from 755 subjects were analyzed. The mean age was 18.1 ± 1.7 years old (minimum 14.8, maximum 23.2). The under-20 division registered higher anthropometric and body composition values than all other competitive divisions. In addition, goalkeepers were taller, heavier, and obtained the highest values for adipose mass, whereas forwards presented higher percentages of muscle mass. These tables can be used during nutritional assessment and nutritional monitoring of players to establish body composition goals. In addition, the strength and conditioning practitioner may also use these data to design effective and specific training programs most suitable to the anthropometric and body composition profile of each player, taking into consideration his competitive division and playing position.

Kinanthropometry and dietary habits of non-professional rugby players.

Introduction: Evaluating the body composition and dietary habits of non-professional athletes can help identify areas for improvement to enhance sports performance. The present study aimed to describe the anthropometric and body composition features, as well as the dietary habits, of non-professional rugby players in Argentina. Methods: Fifty-seven rugby players from a Group III Club of the Unión de Rugby de Buenos Aires (URBA) were assessed using extensive anthropometric measurements according to the International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK) protocol. Reference data from professional rugby players in Group I clubs were used as a control for body composition comparisons. Dietary intake was evaluated using the 24-h recall method, and nutrient analysis was performed with SARA software. Results: Non-professional rugby players were shorter (Forwards: 175.9 vs. 181.5 cm; Backs: 172.5 vs. 175.7 cm), had higher body fat percentages (Forwards: 16.4 vs. 12.3%; Backs: 11.0 vs. 9.3%), and were less muscular (Forwards: 46.0 vs. 48.8%; Backs: 48.4 vs. 50.2%) compared to professional rugby players. The average dietary intake was 3,363 Kcal, with protein and carbohydrate intakes of 1.4 g kg-1 day-1 and 4.1 g kg-1 day-1, respectively, and 35% of energy intake from fat. Backs reported a higher caloric intake than forwards (3,682 vs. 2,827 Kcal). There was a high prevalence of insufficient intake of calcium (58%), vitamin A (49%), and vitamin C (65%), the latter two corresponding with a low intake of fruits and vegetables (6% of total energy intake). Meal pattern analysis showed that 46% of total energy was ingested at dinner. Conclusions: The body composition of non-professional rugby players from low-income clubs could be improved to enhance rugby performance, as compared to players in more competitive tiers. Economic constraints might contribute to a sub-optimal nutritional profile, potentially affecting body composition and on-field performance negatively. Recommendations to improve dietary intake should be made considering the budget constraints of these players.

Sport-specific nutrition: practical strategies for team sports.

Implementation of a nutrition programme for team sports involves application of scientific research together with the social skills necessary to work with a sports medicine and coaching staff. Both field and court team sports are characterized by intermittent activity requiring a heavy reliance on dietary carbohydrate sources to maintain and replenish glycogen. Energy and substrate demands are high during pre-season training and matches, and moderate during training in the competitive season. Dietary planning must include enough carbohydrate on a moderate energy budget, while also meeting protein needs. Strength and power team sports require muscle-building programmes that must be accompanied by adequate nutrition, and simple anthropometric measurements can help the nutrition practitioner monitor and assess body composition periodically. Use of a body mass scale and a urine specific gravity refractometer can help identify athletes prone to dehydration. Sports beverages and caffeine are the most common supplements, while opinion on the practical effectiveness of creatine is divided. Late-maturing adolescent athletes become concerned about gaining size and muscle, and assessment of maturity status can be carried out with anthropometric procedures. An overriding consideration is that an individual approach is needed to meet each athlete's nutritional needs.

Capacidad predictiva de la antropometría y la maduración sobre el rendimiento en remo-ergómetro en adolescentes novatos / Predictive ability of anthropometry and maturation parameters on rowing ergometer performance in inexperienced adolescents

Nuestro objetivo fue establecer qué parámetros antropométricos y de maduración se correlacionan con el rendimiento en remo-ergómetro en una muestra de 114 adolescentes de ambos sexos sin experiencia previa en remo. Los resultados demuestran una gran correlación entre masa corporal y rendimiento, aunque esta asociación disminuyó cuando la masa corporal se ajustó por un coeficiente para compensar la mayor resistencia en el agua generada por el arrastre. La estatura, la longitud de piernas, y la envergadura de brazos se correlacionaron moderadamente luego de del ajuste de la masa corporal en varones, pero no en niñas. El ajuste de maduración por antropometría mostró una gran correlación con el rendimiento, pero disminuyó luego de aplicar la corrección por tamaño. La predicción de la estatura adulta reveló que pocos de estos adolescentes crecerían hasta la estatura de los competidores de remo de elite de categoría abierta(AU)

We aimed to establish which anthropometric and maturity offset parameters correlate with rowing ergometer performance in a sample of 114 adolescent, rowing-inexperienced boys and girls. Results showed high correlations between body mass and performance, but these reduced when body mass was scaled to account for increased on-water drag resistance. Height, leg length and arm span remained moderately correlated after size-adjustment in boys, but not in girls. Anthropometric maturity offset showed a high correlation with performance, but decreased with size-adjustment. Final height estimation revealed that few of these adolescents would reach the height of elite open-weight competitors(AU)

Cineantropometría de los jugadores juveniles campeones mundiales de hockey sobre hierba / Kinanthropometry of world champion junior male field hockey players

Introducción y objetivos: Existe un vacío de información sobre la antropometría y elefecto de fecha de nacimiento de los jugadores de hockey juveniles de élite.Objetivos: a) Describir las características antropométricas de jugadores de hockey juvenil deélite en Argentina; b) establecer diferencias en el físico, la edad deportiva y el efecto de lafecha de nacimiento entre los jugadores seleccionados para el mundial juvenil y quienesquedaron fuera, y c) establecer si existen diferencias en las longitudes de los miembros entreestos jugadores de élite y una muestra normal de referencia adulta local.Métodos: Se evaluaron longitudes, alturas, diámetros, perímetros, pliegues y masa corporalen 35 jugadores de hockey juveniles que componían la base y la selección argentina para elmundial de 2005 (edad 19,0 ± 1,0 años; peso 70,7 ± 5,4 kg; estatura 176,4 ± 6,4 cm).Paralelamente se realizó una encuesta sobre la edad deportiva y la fecha de nacimiento.Resultados: No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las variablesestructurales del esqueleto entre esta muestra y una referencia normativa local, nientre la submuestra seleccionada y los no-seleccionados, ni en la edad deportiva (p =0,11) ni en el efecto de fecha de nacimiento (p = 0,11).Conclusiones: El hockey sobre hierba masculino es un deporte con requerimientos deestructura ósea normales, y sin efecto de la fecha de nacimiento, en Argentina(AU)

Introduction and purpose: There is a lack of published data on the anthropometric andrelative-age effect of elite youth field hockey players.Purposes: (a) To establish the anthropometric characteristics of elite junior Argentinemale field hockey players; (b) to look for differences in physique, years of playing and birth-date effect between the final players selected to make up the team and those whowere not selected out of the original pre-selected sample; and (c) to establish whetherthere are any differences in proportional limb lengths between elite junior hockeyplayers and a local reference sample.Methods: Thirty five elite Argentine junior field hockey players pre-selected to form the baseof the national junior team for the 2005 Junior World Cup (age 19.0 ± 1.0 years; weight 70.7± 5.4 kg; height 176.4 ± 6.4 cm). A full anthropometric battery including lengths, heights,breadths, girths, and skinfolds, plus number of years playing and date of birth.Results: No statistically significant differences were found in skeletal structuraldimensions when compared to a reference sample, nor between finally selected andnon-selected players in anthropometric dimensions, playing history (P = .11) andrelative-age effect (P = .11).Conclusion: Male field hockey is a sport with normal bone-structural requirements, andwith a lack of birth-date effect in Argentina(AU)