Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Types Among Single-Syndrome Bipolar Mania Cases Described in Chinese Literature.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify and understand the syndromes of mania in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), as described in Chinese literature on the integrated treatment of mania using TCM and Western medicine. METHODS: A literature search conducted in Chinese databases identified 27 articles that were included in a statistical analysis to determine the proportion of mania cases represented by various TCM syndromes. RESULTS: After combining similar syndromes, we found that the TCM syndromes of mania could be categorized as phlegm-fire disturbance of the mind (Tanhuoraoshen), phlegm-heat stagnation (Tanreyujie), qi stagnation and blood stasis (Qizhixueyu), liver qi stagnation (Gandanyure), and fire injury Yin (Huoshengshnagyin). These syndrome categories accounted for 55.6%, 18.5%, 14.8%, 7.4% and 3.7% of mania cases, respectively. Manic symptom severity scores differed significantly among phlegm-fire disturbance of the mind (26.8 ± 1.6), phlegm-heat stagnation (31.1 ± 1.9), and qi stagnation and blood stasis (23.5 ± 2.2). CONCLUSION: The largest proportion of mania cases involved phlegm-fire disturbance of the mind, phlegm-heat stagnation, or qi stagnation and blood stasis. Cumulatively, these syndromes accounted for 88.9% of cases; the severity of manic symptoms different significantly among the 3 syndrome categories. Smaller proportions of cases represented liver qi stagnation or fire injury Yin.

Microbotanical residues for the study of early hominin tools.

More than 2 million years ago in East Africa, the earliest hominin stone tools evolved amidst changes in resource base, with pounding technology playing a key role in this adaptive process. Olduvai Gorge (now Oldupai) is a famed locality that remains paramount for the study of human evolution, also yielding some of the oldest battering tools in the world. However, direct evidence of the resources processed with these technologies is lacking entirely. One way to obtain this evidence is through the analysis of surviving residues. Yet, linking residues with past processing activities is not simple. In the case of plant exploitation, this link can only be established by assessing site-based reference collections inclusive of both anthropogenic and natural residues as a necessary first step and comparative starting point. In this paper, we assess microbotanical remains from rock clasts sourced at the same quarry utilized by Oldowan hominins at Oldupai Gorge. We mapped this signal and analysed it quantitatively to classify its spatial distribution objectively, extracting proxies for taxonomic identification and further comparison with freestanding soils. In addition, we used blanks to manufacture pounding tools for blind, controlled replication of plant processing. We discovered that stone blanks are in fact environmental reservoirs in which plant remains are trapped by lithobionts, preserved as hardened accretions. Tool use, on the other hand, creates residue clusters; however, their spatial distribution can be discriminated from purely natural assemblages by the georeferencing of residues and statistical analysis of resulting patterns. To conclude, we provide a protocol for best practice and a workflow that has the advantage of overcoming environmental noise, reducing the risk of false positive, delivering a firm understanding of residues as polygenic mixtures, a reliable use of controls, and most importantly, a stronger link between microbotanical remains and stone tool use.

The Study of Diagnostic Value of Bipolarity Index for Bipolar Disorder in China: Meta-analysis of Sensitivity and Specificity.

Objective: Bipolarity index (BI) is one of the diagnostic scales that assist the diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD), and should be analyzed comprehensively for use in China. Methods: We searched the Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WANFANG, and Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index (CSSCI) in Chinese to find literature from July 31, 2004 to July 31, 2020, for results related to BI in the diagnosis for bipolar disorder (BD), among which results such as comments, letters, reviews, and case reports were excluded. The rates of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value in diagnosis were synthesized and discussed.A total of 1237 patients were included in 5 studies. The criteria used for their selection were an anlysis of their results on the BI, and the diagnostic indexes of BI for BD in China.Thesensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of BI for BD in China were summarized in every study.Results: A total of 1237 subjects were included in 5 studies. The random effect model was used to account for the data with RevMan 5.2. The results showed that the diagnostic sensitivity of BI was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.93-1.00), and the specificity was 85% (95% CI: 0.69-0.96). The positive predictive value (PPV)was 74% (95% CI: 0.53-0.91). The negative predictive value (NPV) was 95% (95% CI: 0.81-1.00), and accuracy was 86% (95% CI: 0.77-0.93). Significant heterogeneity was detected across studies regarding these incidence estimates.Conclusion: The ideal diagnostic value of BI was found, although the studies showed significant heterogeneity. The results must be cautiously and attentively interpreted, in comparison to other diagnostic scales, to perfect the use of BI in clinical psychiatry.

Liver failure with green neutrophilic inclusions after liver transplantation: a case report / 中华检验医学杂志

We report a case of a 44-year-old female patient with acute liver failure and hepatic encephalopathy. The patient received artificial liver treatment and underwent allogeneic orthotopic liver transplantation at 14 days after admission. Laboratory examination reported a small number of green cytoplasmic inclusions in neutrophils on the peripheral blood smear at 68 days after admission. The patient eventually died of liver failure at 71 days after admission. Green inclusions are bright green or blue-green inclusions presented in the cytoplasm of neutrophils in Wright-Giemsa stained peripheral blood smears, and is associated with liver failure and high short-term mortality.

Classification of adenoviral conjunctivitis based on sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of hexon and fiber / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To classify human adenovirus (HAdV) of adenoviral conjunctivitis by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of hexon protein and fiber protein.Methods:A total of 256 conjunctival swabs were collected from the inferior conjunctival sac of 256 patients with viral conjunctivitis in Shanghai from January 2015 to August 2017.After DNA extraction, the whole length of hexon and fiber was amplified by PCR to perform gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai General Hospital (No.2020-202).Written informed consent was obtained from each subject.Results:Among the samples, 89(34.76%) were positive for hexon gene amplification, including 1(1.12%) of HAdV-C1, 7(7.87%) of HAdV-C2, 20(22.47%) of HAdV-B3, 6(6.747%) of HAdV-E4, 23(25.84%) of HAdV-D8, 17(19.10%) of HAdV-D19, and 15(16.85%) of HAdV-D37.In phylogenetic analysis, sequenced hexon gene was clustered with the reference prototype correctly.In fiber phylogenetic analysis, 15 of HAdV-D19 and 1 of HAdV-D37 were cross clustered.Conclusions:The combined sequencing of hexon and fiber can provide abundant and effective biological information for the subtype and pathogenicity analysis of HAdV.

EB virus-positive discordant lymphoma: report of 1 case and review of literature / 白血病·淋巴瘤

Objective:To investigate the clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, diagnosis and treatment of discordant lymphoma (DL).Methods:The clinical data of a patient with EB virus-positive DL admitted to Taizhou People's Hospital in November 2019 were retrospectively analyzed and the related literature was reviewed.Results:The patient underwent a cervical lymph node biopsy pathology examination at onset, and then results suggested angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL). The patient subsequently developed gastrointestinal bleeding and underwent resection of small bowel lesions, and postoperative pathology suggested diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). The patient was finally diagnosed as DL. The R2-CHOP chemotherapy regimen was given to the patient, but the patient still had recurrent gastrointestinal bleeding and poor general condition. The patient refused chemotherapy and was changed to lenalidomide monotherapy. Finally, the patient died due to multiorgan failure, with an overall survival of 13 months.Conclusions:DL is rarely seen in lymphoma, whereas the combination of AITL and DLBCL is extremely rare. The clinicians need to improve the understanding of this disease to avoid misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.

Association between CFH gene polymorphisms and unexplained mild vision loss in type 2 diabetes patients / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To investigate whether the presence of complement factor H( CFH) gene polymorphisms is associated with unexplained mild visual loss (UMVL) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Methods:A case control study was adopted.The participants included two groups from a previous population-based epidemiology study on type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in the Beixinjing community, Shanghai: UMVL was defined by a best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)<20/25 and≥20/63 in both eyes, with no eye diseases causing visual impairment, such as corneal diseases, cataract, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, optic nerve atrophy, diabetic retinopathy, etc.Genomic DNA was isolated from the peripheral venous blood of all the participants and then loaded onto Fluidigm Digital Arrays.Four CFH gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)(rs800292, rs1061170, rs529825, rs1410996, rs203674) were assessed with the SPSS 13.0 and HAPLoVIEW 4.0 software to test the statistical association of CFH polymorphisms with UMVL.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University(No.2013KY023). All the procedures were conducted according to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to entering the study cohort. Results:Total of 135 residents with UMVL and 133 with normal vision(BCVA≥20/25 in both eyes) were enrolled.The UMVL group matched the control group in terms of gender, age, onset age, and duration of diabetes mellitus, hemoglobin A1c levels, and body mass index(all at P>0.05). The four SNPs(rs800292, rs1061170, rs529825, rs1410996) except rs203674 tested in the UMVL and control groups were qualified by the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium ( P>0.05). There were no differences in SNPs and genotypes between the two groups in the four loci of the CFH gene.The P value of allele frequencies of rs529825, rs800292, rs1410996 and rs1061170 were 0.79, 0.25, 0.69 and 0.77, respectively, and the P value of genotype frequencies were 0.61, 0.69, 0.87 and 0.43, respectively. Conclusions:There is no correlation between CFH gene polymorphism and UMVL in type 2 diabetic patients.

The clinical value of magnetic resonance imaging T2WI texture analysis in the diagnosis of prostate cancer / 中华内分泌外科杂志

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of magnetic resonance imaging T2WI texture analysis in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.Methods A total of 78 patients with pathological-confirmed prostate cancer and prostatic hyperplasia from Jan.2016 to Dec.2018 in our hospital were retrospectively collected.MaZda software was used to analyze 300 texture feature parameters of each lesion on T2WI images,and Weka software was used to select the most discriminative texture feature parameters.The differences of texture features between the two groups and diagnostic efficacy were compared by independent sample t test,Mann-Whitney U test and ROC.Results There were 7 texture feature parameters of the most discriminative significance between the two groups:AngScMom,Contrast,Entropy,Horzl_GLevNonU,45dgr_RLNonUni,WavEnLL_s-1 and WavEnHL_s-3,respectively.There were significant differences in 7 texture feature parameters between prostate cancer group and prostate hyperplasia group (P＜0.05).The AUC of each texture feature was between 0.78 and 0.91,the accuracy was between 79.6％ and 92.1％,the sensitivity was between 70.8％ and 91.9％,and the specificity was between 72.2％ and 92.5％,respectively.Conclusions The texture features parameters of T2WI images are different in the diagnosis of prostate cancer and prostatic hyperplasia.As an objective and quantitative analysis method,texture features analysis can be used in the differential diagnosis of prostate cancer and prostatic hyperplasia.

Efficacy and safety of duloxetine for depression in China :a meta-analysis / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of duloxetine in the treatment of domestic depression patients,and compare with those who were treated with SSRIs drugs in the same period to explore the difference between them to guide the clinical medication.Methods A search was conducted in CBMdisc,Wanfang database,CNKI,VIP,Pubmed.The double-blind randomized controlled trials on duloxetine for depression in China were collected.The quality of the included trials was assessed according to the Cochrane Handbook 5.0,and the systematic analysis was conducted by using RevMan 5.3 soft ware.Results Seven double-blind randomized controlled trials (two of duloxetine versus fluoxetine,five of duloxetine versus paroxetine) involving 1 193 patients were included.The results of rmeta-analysis showed that:①After 6-8 weeks of treatment,there were no significant differences in the effective rate (RR =1.02,95％CI=0.78-1.32,Z=0.12,P=0.90),and the final cure rate (RR=0.95,95％CI=0.75-1.19,Z=0.47,P=0.64) between the duloxetine and fluoxetine/paroxetine groups.②Adverse reactions:the incidence rate was not significantly different between duloxetine and fluoxetine/paroxetine groups (RR =1.03,95％ CI =0.86-1.23,Z=0.32,P=0.75).Conclusion After 6-8 weeks of treatment,there are no significant differences in the effective rate and the final cure rate between duloxetine and fluoxetine/paroxetine.There is no significantly difference in common adverse reactions.

Effect of Ligustrazine on the quality of blood during operation / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To observe the effects of tetramethylpyrazine on intraoperative autotransfusion of blood quality , analysis of ligustrazine in autotransfusion of clinical value of blood quality control.Methods 68 patients undergoing elective surgery in our hospital from February 2015 to May 2016 were selected as the research object,and were randomly divided into control group and experimental group,each group of 34 cases.Two groups of patients in the intraoperative autologous blood transfusion and the control group according to conventional autologous transfusion in operation ,test group of patients with intravenous injection of ligustrazine injection in the recovery of blood before adding ligustrazine injection in the recovery process of blood.The two groups were collected before blood transfusion,observe the morphology of red blood cells, red blood cell fragments under the microscope and compared;the two groups were collected after reinfusion of blood two hours,one and five days in peripheral venous blood, the determination of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), T lymphocyte subsets level of two groups were compared before and after one and five days. Results The erythrocyte deformability and erythrocyte debris of the two groups were higher than those before operation (P<0.05).The blood red blood cell deformability and the number of red blood cell debris in the blood transfusion group were significantly higher than those in the control group Significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05).The levels of SOD were significantly lower at two hours and one day after operation than those before operation, and the serum SOD was still lower than that before operation in the control group,The SOD in the experimental group was significantly higher at two hours, one and five days in the control group,MDA was lower than the control group(P<0.05).The CD3 +,CD4 +, CD4 +/CD8 +levels were significantly lower at two hours and one day after operation than those before operation (P<0.05).CD3 +,CD4 +and CD4 +/CD8 +in the control group were still lower than those in the control group at five days after operation(P<0.05),the levels of CD3 +, CD4 +, CD4 +/CD8 +were significantly higher in the experimental group than those in the control group at two hours,one and five days after treatmen (P <0.05).There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of adverse reactions.Conclusion The addition of preoperative intravenous injection of ligustrazine,blood recovery process,can effectively protect the transfusion of red blood cell integrity,reduce the effect of transfusion of blood and blood antioxidant capacity in patients with T lymphocyte immune function ,to improve the quality of blood transfusion patients has important clinical value .

Influence of Region of Interest Selection on CT Perfusion Parameters for Peripheral Lung Cancer / 中国医学影像学杂志

Purpose To investigate the influence of the region of interest (ROI) selection on the repeatability of 64 slice spiral CT perfusion parameters for the peripheral lung cancer.Materials and Methods The 64 slice spiral CT perfusion images of thirty-seven patients with peripheral lung cancer were retrospectively analyzed.The perfusion parameters including blood flow (BF),blood volume (BV),Patlak blood volume (PBV),permeability surface area product (PS),and mean transit time (MTT) were obtained by using three ROI selection methods including maximum area of ROI (ROIm),round of ROI (ROIr),and volume of ROI (ROLv),and these parameters were measured by two observers repeatedly.The repeatability and reliability of the values of these perfusion parameters by using different ROI methods or measured by different observer were determined.Results The perfusion parameters derived from three ROIs all had a excellent intraobserver and interobserver agreement (ICC＞0.75).Besides,the values of the perfusion parameters by using different ROI methods had no significant difference (P＞0.05),but the data obtained by ROIm and ROIv were more stable than that obtained by ROIr.Conclusion The repeatability of the perfusion parameters obtained from above three ROIs is excellent,but ROIm and ROIv may be more suitable than ROIr to assess vascular perfusion of peripheral lung cancer.

Associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms of UCP genes with diabetic retinopathy in Chinese Han population / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background Researches showed that elevatory blood glucose level results in long-term damage of cells and tissue,or metabolic memory phenomenon,and manipulation of hyperglycemic memory is a good approach in the prevention of diabetic complications.However,its mechanism is not clear.It is speculated that the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in diabetic patients may be associated to related mechanisms.Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) can decrease the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS),which may be related to DR.Objective This study was to explore the association between DR and the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of UCP genes in Chinese Han population with type 2 diabetes.Methods A cross-sectional study was performed.This study was approved by Ethic Committee of Affiliated First Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University and complied with Declaration of Helsinki,and written informed consent was obtained from each subject prior to any medical examination.One thousand eight hundreds and seventy-five patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled in Xinjing district of Shanghai city by cluster sampling from November 2014 to January 2015.The demographic and medical baseline characteristics,ocular examination and laboratory tests were obtained and periphery blood of 2 ml was collected for extraction of DNA.Eight tag SNPs of UCP1,three tag SNPs of UCP2,and seven tag SNPs of UCP3 were selected as marker locus for the detection of genotype by Sequenom Mass ARRAY.Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry platform were used for genotyping.Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) analysis,allele and genotype frequencies,haplotype analysis,and association tests for DR and SNPs were performed by SAS and SHEsis software.Results A total of 530 DR patients were checked out from 1 875 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus,with the detection rate of 28.27％.rs660339 locn of UCP2 gene and rs1626521,rs668514 locus of UCP3 gene appeared to have low detectable rates,and the secondary allele base frequency of rs632862 in UCP2 gene was ＜0.01 and rs15763 of UCP3 gene was unmatched with HWE,therefore,these locus analysis was not included.In 13 SNPs locus included in the analysis,only 2 SNPs of UCP1 gene were related to DR.Compared with the non-diabetic retinopathy (NDR) patients,the G allele frequency of rs10011540 was increased (P =0.03,OR =1.31,95 ％ confidence interval[CI] =1.03-1.67,and T allele frequency of rs3811787 was decreased (P=0.04,OR=0.86,95％ CI=0.75-0.99) in DR patients.Genotyping detection showed that the C/C and A/A frequencies of rs3811790 in UCP1 gene were significantly more and C/A frequency was less in DR patients than those in NDR patients (all at P＜0.01).The logistic regression analysis indicated an association of SNPs of rs10011540 and rs3811787 with DR independent from glucose and disease duration.Conclusions The SNPs of rs10011540 and rs3811787 locus in UCP1 gene are associated with DR in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients.

Clinical significance of detecting t(11;14) by fluorescence in situ hybridization for the diagnosis of 7 patients with atypical mantle cell lymphoma / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical features and diagnosis of 7 patients with atypical mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The 7 MCL patients were misdiagnosed as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) due to a score of 4 for their immunophenotypes. The clinical features and diagnosis of such patients were retrospectively analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Six patients had superficial lymphadenectasis but their lymph nodes could not be palpated. All 7 patients were as stage IV considering bone marrow infiltration. Scores of immunophenotype of CLL were 4, and interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for t(11;14) were positive in all patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Some MCL patients have clinical features similar to CLL. Interphase FISH can play an important role in the diagnosis of MCL.</p>

Application of hexon gene sequencing of adenovirus in pathogen detection of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis is a common eye disease,and adenovirus is one of the common pathogens.The hexon protein,one main capsid protein of the virus,is an important target of antibody binding.Thus,sequencing the coding region of the hexon protein is an important way for adenovirus fast typing.Objective This study was to complete a molecular epidemiology survey of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis and investigate its association with adenovirus in Shanghai area by sequencing the coding region of hexon protein.Methods Two hundred and fourteen sacconjunctival swab specimens were collected from 214 patients with suspicious epidemic keratoconjunctivitis who visited Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center and the clinical sites supervised by the Shanghai Prevention and Monitoring Office of Acute Hemerragic Conjunctivitis under the informed consent from January 2010 to December 2012.DNA was extracted from the specimens and then the 140 bp conserved sequence in hexon protein coding region was amplified by PCR initially to determine an adenovirus pathogen.Furtherly,956 bp conserved sequence of the hexon codind district was sequencied to clarify the serotype of adenovirus in the adenovirus-positive specimens.Results 50.93％ patients (109/214) were detected to be adenovirus-positive by generic PCR,in which AdV1 + was in 4 patiens,AdV2+ was in 33 patients,AdV3+ was in 15 patients,AdV4+ was in 12 patients,AdV8+ was in 19 patiens,AdV19+ was in 15 patients,AdV37+ was in 8 patients.The subgenus D adenoviruses,including AdV8+,AdV19+ and AdV37+ often resulted in corneal inflammation,pseudomembranous conjunctivitis and preauricular lymph nodes;while subgenus B adenovirus induced much frequent tract infection and less corneal response.Conclusions PCR-sequence of conserved region of hexon protein coding district is applicable for the detection and serotyping of adenovirus in epidemic keratoconjunctivitis.

The intervention effect of Wuxing-Jiangu exercise for different syndrome types of elderly patients with chronic low back pain / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To observe the intervention effect of Wuxing-Jiangu exercise for different syndrome types of elderly patients with chronic low back pain.Methods A total of 199 patients who met the criteria of chronic low back pain (CLBP) were divided into a Wuxing-Jiangu exercise group (86 cases), a control group (85 cases) and a health education group (28 cases). On the basis of health education, theWuxing-Jiangu exercise group was given Wuxing-Jiangu exercise; the control group was treated with the warm type frequency therapeutic instrument; health education group was only given health education guide. The changes of the score of CLBP patients before and after treatment with different syndrome types were observed.Results After 3 months of treatment, the score of the kidney deficiency syndrome and spleen deficiency syndrome in the Wuxing-Jiangu exercise group, the control group and the health education group had significant differences (H were12.554, 8.014, respectively;all P<0.01); After 3 months of treatment, the score of kidney deficiency syndrome and spleen deficiency syndrome in the Wuxing-Jiangu exercise group reduced than before the treatment (Z were -5.975,-5.025, respectively)and 1 month after the treatment(Z were -5.976,-5.026, respectively) (all P<0.01).Conclusion Wuxing-Jiangu exercise can reduce the score of the kidney deficiency syndrome and spleen deficiency syndrome and improve clinical syndrome.

Primary cardiac plasmablastic lymphoma: report of a case and literature review / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To report a case of primary cardiac plasmablastic lymphoma to investigate its clinical feature, diagnosis, therapy and prognosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A case of primary cardiac plasmablastic lymphoma was studied. The imaging examination, conventional histopathological and immunohistochemical staining of this case were detected. The clinical feature, pathogenesis, diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of primary cardiac plasmablastic lymphoma were further investigated through literatures review.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The tumor was located in the right atrium. Microscopic examination showed diffuse proliferation of large lymphoid cells. The neoplastic cells were positive for CD38 and CD79a. The patient was treated with chemotherapy combined with autologous stem cell transplantation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Primary cardiac plasmablastic lymphoma was extremely rare. Its pathogenesis remained to be unclear. With non- specific clinical manifestations, the diagnosis was mainly confirmed by histopathological and immunohistochemical staining method. Without standard treatment, more patients were treated with chemithreapy regimens similar to the treatment used in aggressine lymphoma. Patients usually had a poor prognosis.</p>

Distribution characteristics of corneal thickness in healthy children aged 7-15 years in Baoshan District of Shanghai / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background Measurement of corneal thickness is important for the early diagnosis and treatment of some eye disorders,including corneal diseases and refractive errors.However,the corneal parameters from schoolage population are rarely reported.Objective The aim of this survey was to characterize the central corneal thickness (CCT),minimum corneal thickness (MCT) and paracentral corneal thickness in healthy Chinese schoolage population.Methods A cross-sectional study was designed in this study.Children aged 7 to 15 years with the diopter of-3.00 D to +3.00 D were recruited from two primary schools in Baoshan district in Shanghai based on random cluster sampling under the approval of Shanghai First People's Hospital and informed consent of child custodian.Routine examinations were firstly performed to determine the healthy participants.CCT (within 2 mm range away the corneal vertex),MCT and paracentral corneal thicknesses (2 to 5 mm zone away the cornea vertex in superior,inferior,nasal and temporal quadrants) were then measured by RTVue Fourier optical coherence tomography (OCT) for the comparison between both eyes and different gender.The subjects were grouped into the 7-9,10-12 and 13-15 years groups,and the correlations between age and CCT,MCT and paracental corneal thicknesses were analyzed.The coordinate position of the thinnest cornea was determined.Results A total of 147 children were enrolled in the study.The mean CCT value of the right eyes was (537.77±29.33) μm,and that of the left eyes was (539.22±29.16) μm,showing a significant difference between them (t =-3.21,P =0.00).The paracentral corneal thicknesses of the right and left eyes were (565.52±30.11) μm and (568.42±31.07) pm in the superior quadrant,and those in the temporal quadrant were (549.01 ±30.46) μm and (547.24±30.23) μm,with significant differences between them (t =-2.47,P =0.01 ; t =2.12,P =0.04).No significant difference was found in the CCT,MCT,paracentral corneal thicknesses from various quadrants (all at P＞0.05).In addition,no considerably correlation was seen between age and CCT,MCT and paracentral corneal thickness (all at P＞0.05).The thinnest cornea area was located in the inferotemporal region in 40.82％ right eyes and 57.82％ left eyes.The distance of thinnest cornea area away corneal vertex was (0.62±0.33)mm in the right eyes and (0.91±0.63)mm in the left eyes,with a significant difference between them (t =-5.17,P =0.00).Conclusions The central,superior and temporal corneal thicknesses are significantly different between the right and the left eyes among healthy Chinese school-age children,but corneal thickness change is not associated with age or gender.The thinnest corneal area does not locate at the vertex.

Prevalence of ametropia and visual impairment in elementary school students in Baoshan District of Shanghai / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background Epidemiologieal survey suggests that visual impairment in teenagers is a worldwide public health problem,and its leading cause is uncorrected refractive error.To conduct an extensive screening of visual impairment in teenagers and analyze the relevant affecting factors are significant works for the prevention and management of refractive errors.But high-quality epidemiological data on visual impairment and refractive error from large groups of children are lacking in Shanghai.Objective This study was to investigate the prevalence of ametropia and visual impairment in schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years old.Methods In this cross-sectional study,4 686 students from 6 elementary schools in Baoshan District of Shanghai,a rural-urban fringe zone,China were selected by clustering sampling from May 2010 to April 2011.The eye examinations included visual acuity,ocular surface,ocular anterior segment,ocular media,fundus and intraocular pressure measurement,and the data autorefraction under cycloplegia and eye position were recorded.The cause of visual impairment was evaluated.Results A total of 4 594 students received examination with the response rate 98.0％,and autorefraction under cycloplegia was completed in 84.8％ schoolchildren (3 975/4 594).The prevalence rate of uncorrected visual acuity 0.5 or worse in both eyes was 14.4％ (662/4 594),with the wearing glasses rate 51.8％ (343/662).The percentage of students with the uncorrected visual acuity 0.5 or worse in at least one eye was 22.4％ (1 031/4 594).The prevalence rate of refractive error in the visual impaired students was 96.9％ (999/1 031),followed by amblyopia (37/1 031,3.6％).The prevalence rate of myopia,hyperopia,and astigmatic in the pupils after cycloplegia was 31.1％,4.3 ％ and 33.0％,respectively.In addition,the prevalence rate of myopia in public elementary schools was higher than that in migrant elementary schools (33.9％ versus 30.3％) (x2 =5.46,P =0.02).Logistic regression analysis showed that myopia was associated with age (OR =1.60,95 ％ CI:1.53-1.68,P ＜ 0.01) and female (OR =1.33,95％ CI:1.16-1.54,P＜0.01).Conclusions The leading cause of vision impairment is myopia in the elementary school students in Shanghai,China.The screening-ratio of refractive error and the coverage of refractive correction in the elementary school students in Shanghai are matters of urgent concern.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia with central nervous system invasion: one case report and literature review / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate clinical features, diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis in a case of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) with central nervous system (CNS) invasion.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The cellular morphology of bone marrow, cytology and flow cytometry of cells in CSF, and radiographic manifestations were detected in a patient diagnosed as CLL with CNS invasion. The clinical features, pathogenesis, diagnosis,therapy, and prognosis of CLL with CNS invasion were reviewed by literatures.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A clonal population of B lymphocytes with typical characteristics of immunophenotype was identified in the patient. After treated with intrathecal chemotherapy, the patient returned to normal cells count of cerebrospinal fluid and normal neurologic status. Previous studies also have demonstrated the efficacy of intrathecal chemotherapy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CNS invasion is a rare complication of CLL. Early detection and treatment may result in better outcomes.</p>

Application of heteroduplex mobility assay in quick identification of adenovirus subtypes in epidemic keratoconjunctivitis / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background The commonly used method of typing the adenovirus (AdV) for epidemic keratoconjunctivitis is direct DNA sequence.However,heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) is found to be a faster method to identify the subtypes of adenovirus and is more conforming to the principle of cost and economic benefit.There are few studies to illustrate the application of HMA in epidemic keratoconjunctivitis.Objective This study analyzed the conserved region of hexon coding sequence and compared the outcomes between direct DNA sequence and HMA for classification of adenovirus in epidemic keratoconjunctivitis patients.The validity of HMA is evaluated by comparing the result of both studies Methods Two hundreds and fourteen patients with suspicious epidemic keratoconjunctivitis were included in Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center or the clinical sites supervised by the Shanghai Prevention and Monitoring Office of Acute Hemerragic Conjunctivitis from January 2010 to December 2012.Sacconjunctival swab samples were collected from each patient under the informed consent.DNA of pathogens was extracted from the samples using QIA-amp minikit,and the conserved sequence with 366 bp at hexon protein coding region was amplified by PCR and sequenced subsequently to determine the infected adenovirus and their subtypes.These samples were simultaneously assayed by HMA,and the outcomes between DNA sequence and HMA were compared.Results Extracted DNA presented a yellow fluorescence band with the fragment size 35 kb and absorbance ratio at the wavelength 260 nm and 280 nm (A260/A280) was I.7.In the 214 samples,AdV type 1 (AdV1) was found in 4 samples,AdV2 in 33 samples,AdV3 in 15 samples,AdV4 in 12 samples,AdV8 in 19 samples,AdV19 in 15 samples and AdV37 in 8 samples.HMA showed the same outcome for the identification of AdV1,AdV2,AdV3,AdV8,AdV19 and AdV37 with direct DNA sequence.AdV4 was not feasible to HMA owing to 59.6％ (over 10％) mutation sites.Conclusions Direct DNA sequencing for conserved regions in coding sequence of hexon is an important way to identify causing-disease adenovirus subtypes in the patients with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis.HMA can offer a consistent result with the DNA sequencing,and it might be used as a suitable tool for large-scale molecular epidemiology researches.