[Advances in nutritional support for children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]. / é€ è¡€å¹²ç»†èƒžç§»æ¤å„¿ç«¥çš„è¥å »æ”¯æŒè¿›å±•.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a therapeutic option for various potentially life-threatening malignant and non-malignant diseases in children, such as malignancies, immunodeficiency syndromes, severe aplastic anemia, and inherited metabolic disorders. During transplantation, many factors can affect the nutritional status of the children, including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, gastrointestinal disorders, graft-versus-host disease, and medications. Malnutrition has been associated with decreased overall survival and increased complications in children undergoing HSCT, making nutritional support a crucial component of their management. However, currently, there is a lack of guidelines or consensus on nutritional support for children undergoing HSCT in China. Therefore, this review summarizes the progress in nutritional support for children undergoing HSCT, aiming to provide clinical guidance.

Pathogenicity and inactivated vaccine treatment of Aeromonas veronii JW-4 on crucian carp.

Aeromonas veronii is a common bacterium found in a variety of aquatic environments, capable of causing a diverse array of diseases in both aquatic animals and humans. Therefore, evaluating the pathogenicity of A. veronii and implementing measures to control its spread are essential. In this study, a strain JW-4, identified as A. veronii, was isolated from diseased Scaphesthes macrolepis, a grade Ⅱ protected animal in China. To investigate the pathogenicity of the strain, fish were fed with serial levels JW-4 supplemented diet or basal diet (control group 1, CG1) for 28 days (d). Results showed that JW-4 stimulated an immune response, evidenced by an increase in immune-related enzyme activities (GOT and GPT) of serum and liver and an upregulation of genes expression levels (TNF-α and IFN-γ) of liver and spleen, and these effects gradually decreased over time. Histopathological examination revealed that JW-4 could alter the tissue structure of immune organs, such as liver and kidney. These changes were accompanied by vacuolar degeneration, nuclear dissolution, and an increased lymphocyte count. To assess protective effects of a vaccine against this strain, fish were injected with an inactivated vaccine (immunization group, IG) or 0.85% sterile saline (control group 2, CG2) for 28-day observation period, then challenged with JW-4 on the 28th day. The inactivated vaccine enhanced total and specific IgM to A. veronii levels of the fish, resulting in a relative percentage survival of 75% in IG. These findings provide a foundation for identifying pathogenic bacteria and developing more effective prophylactic strategies in aquaculture.

[Research on pretreatment methods for cystine determination in milk powder].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a rapid, accurate and safe pretreatment method for the determination of cystine in milk powder. METHODS: Samples were oxidized at 50 ℃ for 10 min after adding performic acid, and then the reaction was terminated with ethanol as oxidation terminator. The reaction solution was concentrate to dryness by vacuum centrifugation at 50 ℃. The residue was hydrolyzed at 145 ℃ for 4 h after adding 15 mL hydrochloric acid(6 mol/L). Quantitatively transfer the hydrolysate to 25 mL volumetric flask, rinsing with water, and dilute to volume. A proper amount of hydrolysate was concentrated to dryness by vacuum centrifugation at 50 ℃, dissolved in sodium citrate buffer, filtered, and determined by amino acid analyzer. RESULTS: A rapid detection method of cystine in milk powder was realized in this study. Cysteic acid were linearly correlated within the set range, and the correlation coefficients were more than 0.999. This method was applied to the determination of milk powder reference material SRM1849A. The result was within the range of values, and the precision was all less than 4%; The detection limit of cystine was 0.001%, and the limit of quantitation was 0.003%. The applicability of this approach was validated by a comparison study with milk powder reference material(SRM 1869). To explore the scalability of the method, fish meal and soybean meal were measured for six times under the above conditions according to the classification of animals and plants. Meanwhile, milk powder, fish meal and soybean meal were also measured according to GB/T 15399-2018 as reference value. The relative deviation of the average values measured by both method were all less than 6%. CONCLUSION: This method is simple and rapid, with good repeatability and high accuracy, and less harm to the operators and experimental equipment. It can be used for the rapid detection of cystine in milk powder, and it also has applicability to other complex samples.

UNC13B variants associated with partial epilepsy with favourable outcome.

The unc-13 homolog B (UNC13B) gene encodes a presynaptic protein, mammalian uncoordinated 13-2 (Munc13-2), which is highly expressed in the brain-predominantly in the cerebral cortex-and plays an essential role in synaptic vesicle priming and fusion, potentially affecting neuronal excitability. However, the functional significance of the UNC13B mutation in human disease is not known. In this study, we screened for novel genetic variants in a cohort of 446 unrelated cases (families) with partial epilepsy without acquired causes by trio-based whole-exome sequencing. UNC13B variants were identified in 12 individuals affected by partial epilepsy and/or febrile seizures from eight unrelated families. The eight probands all had focal seizures and focal discharges in EEG recordings, including two patients who experienced frequent daily seizures and one who showed abnormalities in the hippocampus by brain MRI; however, all of the patients showed a favourable outcome without intellectual or developmental abnormalities. The identified UNC13B variants included one nonsense variant, two variants at or around a splice site, one compound heterozygous missense variant and four missense variants that cosegregated in the families. The frequency of UNC13B variants identified in the present study was significantly higher than that in a control cohort of Han Chinese and controls of the East Asian and all populations in the Genome Aggregation Database (gnomAD). Computational modelling, including hydrogen bond and docking analyses, suggested that the variants lead to functional impairment. In Drosophila, seizure rate and duration were increased by Unc13b knockdown compared to wild-type flies, but these effects were less pronounced than in sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 1 (Scn1a) knockdown Drosophila. Electrophysiological recordings showed that excitatory neurons in Unc13b-deficient flies exhibited increased excitability. These results indicate that UNC13B is potentially associated with epilepsy. The frequent daily seizures and hippocampal abnormalities but ultimately favourable outcome under anti-epileptic therapy in our patients indicate that partial epilepsy caused by UNC13B variant is a clinically manageable condition.

Carbonized π-conjugated polymer-coated porous silica: preparation and evaluating its extraction ability for berberine.

In view of the limitations of existing berberine solid-phase extraction adsorbents, this paper proposes a novel carbonized π-conjugated polymer-coated porous silica (SiO2@C-π-CP) adsorbent with simple process and low cost for efficient extraction of berberine by multiple interactions. Characterization methods, including Brunner-Emmet-Teller measurement, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy techniques, were used to verify the successful modification of carbonized π-conjugated polymer on the surface of porous silica. The berberine was selected as target molecule, and the adsorption mechanism and process were investigated through adsorption kinetics, adsorption isotherms, and thermodynamic studies. The fitting results show that the adsorption of berberine by SiO2@C-π-CP well conforms to the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models. By optimizing the main SPE parameters, the SPE method based on SiO2@C-π-CP was developed. Excellent results were obtained, including low limit of detection (0.75 ng mL-1) and limit of quantification (2 ng mL-1), wide linearity (2-13,000 ng mL-1), and satisfactory relative standard deviations (RSD) of inter-day (1.5%) and intra-day (6.2%). Finally, the SiO2@C-π-CP also has been successfully used to the enrichment of berberine in real urine samples. This research makes clear that SiO2@C-π-CP has outstanding potential for trace enrichment of berberine alkaloids.

Dihydrotanshinone I Inhibits the Lung Metastasis of Breast Cancer by Suppressing Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Formation.

Breast cancer (BC) is a common female malignancy, worldwide. BC death is predominantly caused by lung metastasis. According to previous studies, Dihydrotanshinone I (DHT), a bioactive compound in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (S. miltiorrhiza), has inhibitory effects on numerous cancers. Here, we investigated the anti-metastatic effect of DHT on BC, where DHT more strongly inhibited the growth of BC cells (MDA-MB-231, 4T1, MCF-7, and SKBR-3) than breast epithelial cells (MCF-10a). Additionally, DHT repressed the wound healing, invasion, and migration activities of 4T1 cells. In the 4T1 spontaneous metastasis model, DHT (20 mg/kg) blocked metastasis progression and distribution in the lung tissue by 74.9%. DHT reversed the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, as well as ameliorated NETs-induced metastasis. Furthermore, it inhibited Ly6G+Mpo+ neutrophils infiltration and H3Cit expression in the lung tissues. RNA sequencing, western blot, and bioinformatical analysis indicated that TIMP1 could modulate DHT acting on lung metastasis inhibition. The study demonstrated a novel suppression mechanism of DHT on NETs formation to inhibit BC metastasis.

[Development and thoughts of digestive endoscopy in children]. / å„¿ç«¥æ¶ˆåŒ–å† é•œçš„å‘å±•ä¸Žæ€è€ƒ.

After nearly 40 years of development, digestive endoscopy in children has been widely applied, and it has helped to expand the spectrum of pediatric digestive system diseases and greatly improve the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric digestive system diseases. Pediatric digestive endoscopy has become a subject. However, there are some problems such as the unbalanced development of pediatric digestive endoscopy across China, the lack of homogeneity in diagnosis and treatment system, the tendency of adult-oriented diagnosis and treatment techniques, and the localization of training quality, which affect the standardized and healthy development of pediatric digestive endoscopy. The diagnosis and treatment with digestive endoscopy in children should adhere to both pediatric characteristics and technological innovation to propose the concept of comfort, emphasize the importance of standardization (including the space and process for endoscopic diagnosis and treatment, perioperative evaluation, training mode, and access qualification), standardize the minimally invasive techniques, and develop artificial intelligence. It is of great importance to formulate related consensus statements and guidelines on the basis of medical safety and the features of the growth and development of children, so as to achieve the high-quality development of pediatric digestive endoscopy, effectively improve the diagnosis and treatment levels of pediatric digestive endoscopy, and bring benefits to more pediatric patients.

[Role of vitamin D in pediatric irritable bowel syndrome].

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disease in children and has the clinical manifestations of recurrent abdominal pain with the changes in defecation frequency or stool form. Many studies have shown that children with IBS have a significantly lower vitamin D level than the healthy population, and vitamin D supplementation can significantly improve the clinical symptoms and quality of life of the children, suggesting that vitamin D supplementation may play a role in the treatment of IBS. This article reviews the association between vitamin D and IBS in children and elaborates on the possible mechanism of action of vitamin D.

Critical Nature of the Ni Spin State in Doped NdNiO_{2}.

Superconductivity with T_{c}≈15 K was recently found in doped NdNiO_{2}. The Ni^{1+}O_{2} layers are expected to be Mott insulators, so hole doping should produce Ni^{2+} with S=1, incompatible with robust superconductivity. We show that the NiO_{2} layers fall inside a critical region where the large pd hybridization favors a singlet ^{1}A_{1} hole-doped state like in CuO_{2}. However, we find that the superexchange is about one order smaller than in cuprates, thus a magnon "glue" is very unlikely and another mechanism needs to be found.

Calycosin reduces infarct size, oxidative stress and preserve heart function in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction model.

Calycosin (CC) is a phytoestrogen, isolated from Radix astragali a well-known Chinese herb and used for treating various pathological conditions. The current study was projected to elucidate the cardio-preservative property of CC in isoproterenol (ISO) induced cardiac injury model (MI) in rats. Male SD rats (n=48) were equally divided into 4 groups which include normal rats (Control; n=12), ISO-MI rats (n=12) which were injected with 85 mg/kg of ISO for 2 days. ISO+CC rats (n=12) were pre and post-treated with CC (30 mg/kg). CC alone rats (n=12) were injected with only CC (30 mg/kg). Pre and post-treatment with CC after and before ISO exposure showed strong cardioprotective property through significant reduction (p<0.05) in the mean values of cardiac infarct size, serum cardiac markers, inflammatory markers, apoptotic markers, lipid peroxidation (oxidative stress) by improving antioxidant status as well as reversing all those histopathological changes. Based on the results, we suggest that CC might be useful against MI if consumed along with standard MI medication to lower cardiac dysfunction and its related complications. However, further studies are needed to justify the above statement.

[Age distribution characteristics of intestinal segmented filamentous bacteria and their relationship with intestinal mucosal immunity in children].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the age distribution characteristics of intestinal segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) in children and their relationship with intestinal mucosal immunity. METHODS: The fresh feces of 177 children and the ileocecal fluid of 47 children during colonoscopy were collected. The SFB was determined by real-time PCR. The concentration of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The numbers of interleukin 17A (IL-17A) cells and intraepithelial lymphocytes in the terminal ileum mucosa and the expression of transcription factors associated with the differentiation of T helper (Th) cells, T-box transcription factor (T-bet), forkhead box P3 (FOXP3), and retinoid-related orphan receptor gamma t (ROR-γt), were determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The positive rate of intestinal SFB in these children was 19.2% (34/177). Trend analysis showed that the positive rate of SFB was correlated with age: the rates for children aged 0-, 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, and 7-15 years were 40%, 47%, 32%, 15%, 12%, 13%, 15% and 4% respectively (P<0.001). The concentration of sIgA in intestinal fluid was significantly higher in SFB-positive children (n=24) than in SFB-negative children (n=23) (P<0.01). The number of intraepithelial lymphocytes in the terminal ileum mucosa and the expression of T-bet, FOXP3, and ROR-γt were not significantly different between the SFB-positive group (n=12) and the SFB-negative group (n=11), but the number of IL-17A cells in the terminal ileum mucosa was significantly lower in the SFB-positive group than in the SFB-negative group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Intestinal SFB colonization in children is age-related, and the colonization rate is relatively high in children under 3 years old. In SFB-positive children, the secretion of intestinal sIgA is increased, while the number of IL-17A cells in the terminal ileum is reduced.

Application of Serum Annexin A3 in Diagnosis, Outcome Prediction and Therapeutic Response Evaluation for Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

PURPOSE: Annexin A3 (ANXA3) could induce progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) via promoting stem cell traits of CD133-positive cells. Moreover, serum ANXA3 showed preliminary diagnostic potential, however further validation was required. Meanwhile, the prognostic value of ANXA3 remained elusive. The present study aimed to validate diagnostic performance and further systematically investigate the prognostic value of serum ANXA3. METHODS: Serum ANXA3 of 368 HCC patients was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); 295 of these patients underwent resection and 73 underwent transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE). Diagnostic performance of ANXA3 was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and the prognostic value was evaluated by Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis. To evaluate the relationship between serum ANXA3 and circulating CD133 mRNA-positive tumor cells (CD133mRNA+ CTCs), real-time polymerase chain reaction was conducted in 69 patients who underwent resection. RESULTS: Serum ANXA3 provided greater diagnostic performance than α-fetoprotein (area under the curve [AUC] 0.869 vs. 0.782), especially in early diagnosis (AUC 0.852 vs. 0.757) and discriminating HCC from patients at risk (0.832 vs. 0.736). Pretreatment ANXA3 was an independent predictor of tumor recurrence (hazard ratio [HR] 1.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26-2.76, p = 0.002)/progression (HR 1.88, 95% CI 1.04-3.43, p = 0.038) and survival (resectable: HR 2.26, 95% CI 1.44-3.56, p = 0.001; unresectable: HR 2.08, 95% CI 1.10-4.05, p = 0.025), and retained its performance in low-recurrence-risk subgroups. Specifically, dynamic changes of ANXA3-positive status was associated with worse prognosis. ANXA3 was positively correlated with CD133mRNA+ CTCs (r = 0.601, p < 0.001). In patients with detectable CD133mRNA+ CTC, high ANXA3 was positively associated with a higher risk of recurrence and shorter overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: Serum ANXA3 shows promise as a biomarker for diagnosis, outcome prediction, and therapeutic response evaluation in patients with HCC.

Outcomes of endovascular recanalization versus autogenous venous bypass for thromboangiitis obliterans patients with critical limb ischemia due to tibioperoneal arterial occlusion.

OBJECTIVE: This study sought to compare the outcomes of endovascular recanalization (ER) vs autogenous venous bypass (AVB) for tibioperoneal arterial occlusion in thromboangiitis obliterans patients with critical lower limb ischemia. METHODS: A total of 90 limbs in 75 patients, successfully treated with ER (ER group, 35 patients, 43 limbs) and AVB (AVB group, 40 patients, 47 limbs) for tibioperoneal arterial occlusions from January 2009 to December 2015 in a single institution, were retrospectively analyzed. The characteristics and outcomes were compared between the two groups. The primary outcome was the amputation-free survival rate during follow-up; the secondary outcomes were patency rates, immediate failure, periprocedural complications, and rates of reintervention. Univariate and multivariate analysis to identify potentially significant predictors of amputation-free survival and primary patency in the whole study group was performed. RESULTS: Not all patients in the ER group were bypass candidates because of unavailable runoff arteries or adequate conduit for bypass. Other baseline characteristics were similar between groups. Patients in the ER group had a much higher incidence of immediate failure (36.36% in femoropopliteal segment and 65.52% in tibioperoneal segment vs 14.89% in AVB bypass; P = .03 and < .001). Although patients in the ER group had a significantly higher rate of reintervention (62.79% vs 27.66%; P < .001) associated with a significantly lower primary patency rate (18.96% in femoropopliteal segment and 14.37% in tibioperoneal segment vs 60.41% in AVB bypass; P = .008 and < .001) and secondary patency rate (33.85% in femoropopliteal segment and 21.29% in tibioperoneal segment vs 68.78% in AVB bypass; P = .04 and .002) at 3 years, the amputation-free survival in the ER group and AVB group was similar at 1 year (92.9% vs 93.2%; P = .81) and 3 years (87.8% and 90.6%; P = .66). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that the presence of gangrene was independently associated with major amputation (hazard ratio, 2.24; 95% confidence interval, 1.33-4.3; P = .02); however, the presence of active ulcer was the only risk factor for poorer primary patency during follow-up (hazard ratio, 1.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.55-5.6; P = .04). CONCLUSIONS: ER is a valid strategy for limb salvage in thromboangiitis obliterans patients who are unsuitable for bypass, contributing an acceptable amputation-free survival as high as with AVB, even though it is associated with lower patency rates and a higher rate of reintervention.

Acute Intramural Hematoma of the Descending Aorta Treated with Stent Graft Repair Is Associated with a Better Prognosis.

PURPOSE: To compare midterm outcomes of optimal medical treatment (OMT) alone with OMT and thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) of acute type B intramural hematoma (IMHB). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective analysis was performed of 65 patients treated with OMT alone (31 patients) or OMT with TEVAR (34 patients) for acute uncomplicated or complicated IMHB from January 2006 to December 2015 in a single institution. Primary outcome was aortic-related mortality during follow-up. Secondary outcomes were aortic-related adverse events, all-cause mortality, and occurrence of complete aortic remodeling. RESULTS: Except for the morphologic nature of the aortic lesion, no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the 2 groups were observed. Mean follow-up time was 32 months ± 19 (range, 1-120 months). Patients in the OMT group had a significantly increased rate of aortic-related mortality (12.9% vs 0% in TEVAR group, P = .046) and aortic-related adverse events (29.0% vs 0% in TEVAR group, P < .001) and an insignificant but higher trending all-cause mortality rate (38.8% vs 19.8% in TEVAR group, P = .15). The occurrence of complete aortic remodeling was significantly lower in the OMT group (15.4% vs 82.1% in TEVAR group, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: TEVAR is likely to protect from progression of IMHB and to be associated with a better prognosis than OMT alone.

[Research advances in the relationship between cow's milk allergy and gastroesoph-ageal reflux in infants].

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and cow's milk allergy (CMA) are common disorders in infants. In recent years, more and more research has investigated the relationship between these two diseases. Some studies reported that about half of the cases of GER in infants younger than 1 year may be an association with CMA. Therefore, overall understanding the role of CMA on the pathogenesis of GER has a great importance on improving clinical level of diagnosis and therapy. This review article tried to elaborate advances in research on the relationship between CMA and GER in infants, including epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment.

Endovascular treatment for symptomatic stent failures in long-segment chronic total occlusion of femoropopliteal arteries.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of the secondary endovascular treatment (SEVT) for symptomatic recurrences in long-segment chronic total occlusion (CTO) of femoropopliteal arteries (FPAs) and to investigate the factors affecting the outcomes. METHODS: Data of patients undergoing FPA stent implantation for primary, long-segment (>10 cm) CTO lesions and receiving endovascular intervention for symptomatic recurrences more than once in our institution from July 1, 2008, to September 1, 2012, were reviewed. Follow-up results referring to SEVT procedures were analyzed, including primary patency, limb salvage (LS) rate, technical success rate, and prevalence of procedure-related complications. Primary patency and LS were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier curves. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to identify factors associated with recurrent restenosis with a Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: Ninety-one patients (mean age, 75.1 years) were included. The indications for SEVT were claudication (38.5%) and critical limb ischemia (61.5%). Preprocedural ankle-brachial index was 0.37 ± 0.16. The median time between initial endovascular treatment and SEVT was 6.5 months (range, 1.0-24.4 months). The arteries in 63 limbs were totally occluded. Fractures were found in 30 (18.8%) of the initially placed stents. Successful recanalization was achieved in 82 limbs (90.1%). The mean postprocedural ankle-brachial index was 0.84 ± 0.15 in those limbs that were successfully recanalized. The complication rate was 9.9%. One patient died of cerebral hemorrhage during catheter-directed thrombolysis. Other complications included the development of a groin hematoma (n = 5), distal embolization (n = 1), formation of a femoral pseudoaneurysm (n = 1), and development of acute heart failure (n = 1). The mean follow-up period was 11.0 ± 5.6 months. The cumulative primary patency rate after SEVT was 66.9% and 52.0% at 12 and 24 months. The LS rate since SEVT was 91.2% and 81.1% at 12 and 24 months. The multivariate analysis showed that stent fracture and stent overlap were independent predictors of recurrent restenosis (hazard ratio, 3.07; 95% confidence interval, 1.40-6.74; P = .005; hazard ratio, 4.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.77-12.75; P = .002). CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular treatment is feasible for FPA stent failure in long-segment CTO. However, SEVT does not achieve durable patency. Stent fracture and overlap are related to recurrent restenosis.

Technical details and clinical outcomes of transpopliteal venous stent placement for postthrombotic chronic total occlusion of the iliofemoral vein.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the technical aspects and early clinical results of stent placement for managing postthrombotic chronic total occlusion (CTO) of the iliofemoral vein through ipsilateral popliteal access. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 110 patients (44 men; mean age, 51 y; 118 limbs; 102 left limbs) with postthrombotic CTO of the iliofemoral vein treated with stent placement in a single institution from January 2007-December 2011 was conducted. All occlusions were initially accessed via ipsilateral popliteal veins under the guidance of venography or ultrasonography. Technical aspects, quality of life, stent patency, and Villalta scores were recorded at follow-up evaluation. Risk factors of in-stent restenosis and early in-stent thrombosis were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS: Percutaneous recanalization was successful in 112 of 118 limbs (95%). The mean duration of the procedure was 43 minutes (range, 10-120 min). The quality of life and Villalta scores were significantly improved (P < .01). The 3-year primary, assisted primary, and secondary cumulative stent patency rates were 70%, 90%, and 94%. During a median follow-up period of 25 months (range, 1-52 mo), the relief rates of severe leg pain (visual analog scale > 5) and severe leg swelling (grade 3) were 72% (49 of 68) and 70% (64 of 91), respectively, and the healing of ulcers was successful in 78% (36 of 46) of the cases. After stent placement, the limbs with visible remaining collateral circulation had a higher rate of early in-stent thrombosis (22.5% vs 6.1%; P = .007). The patients with long stents extending below the inguinal ligament had a higher rate of in-stent restenosis (hazard ratio = 1.77-6.5; P = .0146). CONCLUSIONS: Transpopliteal venous stent placement is an effective, safe, and feasible method of managing postthrombotic CTO of the iliofemoral vein. The stent extending below the inguinal ligament is the major risk factor of in-stent restenosis. The visible remaining collateral circulation after stent placement may indicate persistent hemodynamically significant stenosis.

[Systematic review of primary stenting for arteriosclerotic occlusion in below-the-knee arteries].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical value of primary stenting for treating peripheral arterial diseases in below-the-knee arteries by comparing to percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). METHODS: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Embase, and CBM databases were searched for relevant articles. Based on the different types of stents, we divided the primary stent group into the bare metal stent(BMS) group and drug-eluting stent(DES) group. The outcome measures were immediate technical success, freedom from target vessel revascularization (TVR-free) rate and limb salvage. RESULTS: Finally, 14 studies (published between 2001 and 2012) satisfying the inclusion criteria were identified. A total of 3 278 patients and 3 699 limbs constituted our final study population. The technical success rate of PTA was 90.95% (95% confidence interval (CI) 86.25%-94.15%). Only one study reported a technical failure of 4% (5/118) in the primary stent group. There were no significant differences in the 1-year primary patency and TVR-free rates between the PTA group and BMS groups (P > 0.05 and P > 0.05), respectively. The pooled estimates of 1-year primary patency and TVR-free rate in DES group were 85.05% (95%CI 79.95%-89.02%) and 90.52% (95%CI 83.68%-94.67%), respectively, which were better than those of the BMS (P < 0.001) and PTA groups (P < 0.001). The pooled estimate of 1-year limb salvage in the PTA, BMS, and DES groups was 88.41% (95%CI 84.53%-91.43%), 94.41% (95%CI 89.52%-97.1%), and 96.81% (95%CI 94.04%-98.32%), respectively. The BMS and DES groups had higher limb salvage rates than the PTA group (P < 0.001 for both comparisons). The rates of severe complications were low both in the PTA and primary stent groups. Although the influence analysis showed rather robust results, the heterogeneity was quite high and they were not adjusted for confounding variables. CONCLUSION: Primary BMS implantation had no advantage over PTA in reducing restenosis or revascularization for infrapopliteal disease. Primary DES implantation seems to be a promising treatment for focal infrapopliteal lesions.

[Research progress on biological toxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticle and its mechanism].

Zinc oxide nanoparticle (nano-ZnO) has a size between 1 and 100 nm. Nano-ZnO has some special effects, such as small size effect, surface effect, quantum size effect, which makes it different from the ordinary ZnO, and is widely used in rubber industry, food processing, cosmetics and pharmaceutical fields. It has been reported that nano-ZnO has toxic effects in vitro and in vivo, but the mechanism of toxicity is still unclear. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the safety nano-ZnO by studying its biological toxic effects and related mechanisms. In this paper, we summarize the characterization, ingestion pathway, metabolism, systematic toxicity of nano-ZnO and its mechanisms, which may provide us with new strategy for the toxic research of nano-ZnO.

[Relationship between tight junction proteins and Helicobacter pylori-associated gastric diseases].

Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection is an important cause of chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer, but their pathogenesis is unclear. The role of gastric mucosal barrier dysfunction induced by impaired structure and function of tight junction in the pathogenesis of Hp-associated gastric diseases has received considerable attention in recent years. Tight junction is composed of a variety of proteins and molecules, including 3 integral membrane proteins (occludin, claudins, and junctional adhesion molecules) and a cytoplasmic protein (zonula occludens). This paper mainly describes the composition and function of various tight junction proteins, changes in tight junction protein function induced by Hp infection and their relationship with the incidence of gastric diseases, and the significance of enhancing the tight junction protein function in the prevention and treatment of Hp-associated gastric diseases.