Hematological disorders: a commonly unrecognized cause of acute stroke.

INTRODUCTION: Hematological disorders account for about 1.3% of all causes of acute stroke. This systematized review presents updated information on the implications of this category of heterogeneous diseases as a cause of stroke. AREAS COVERED: The most relevant aspects of the relationship between stroke and hematological disorders are reported. A high index of suspicion is needed in young stroke patients, patients with recurrent stroke of undetermined cause, and in patients with prior history of venous thrombosis to identify a potential hematological disorder as the definitive etiology of stroke Expert commentary: Stroke can be the presenting manifestation of a specific hematological disease or may appear as a complication in the course of hematological disorders. It is important to make a correct diagnosis of the underlying hematological disorder in order to treat stroke patients promptly and appropriately as well as to establish the optimal secondary prevention strategy for recurrent vascular cerebral disease.

"20209C-T" a variant mutation of prothrombin gene mutation in a patient with recurrent pregnancy loss.

Recurrent pregnancy loss is considered when a female undergoes at least two consecutive, spontaneous abortions or more than two alternatively. This condition affects approximately 5% of women in reproductive age. Several causes of recurrent abortion have been established, but nevertheless, approximately half of all cases remain unexplained. Thrombophilic disorders have been suggested as a possible cause of recurrent miscarriage. A single 20210 G-A mutation of the 3'-untranslated region of (F2) has been reported as a cause of inherited thrombophilia. The F2 G-A mutation affects 1% to 4% of the US population, and its prevalence is higher among Caucasian women of Southern European descendants. Studies of G20210A polymorphism have also shown conflicting associations with recurrent abortions. In addition to G20210A polymorphism, other mutations affecting the F2 gene have been associated with thrombosis and/or pregnancy complications.