Corneal biomechanics in early diagnosis of keratoconus using artificial intelligence.

Keratoconus is a blinding eye disease that affects activities of daily living; therefore, early diagnosis is crucial. Great efforts have been made toward an early diagnosis of keratoconus. Recent studies have shown that corneal biomechanics is associated with the occurrence and progression of keratoconus. Hence, detecting changes in corneal biomechanics may provide a novel strategy for early diagnosis. However, an early keratoconus diagnosis remains challenging due to the subtle and localized nature of its lesions. Artificial intelligence has been used to help address this problem. Herein, we reviewed the literature regarding three aspects of keratoconus (keratoconus, early keratoconus, and keratoconus grading) based on corneal biomechanical properties using artificial intelligence. Furthermore, we summarized the current research progress, limitations, and possible prospects.

A New Born with Lamellar ichthyosis(Collodion Baby).

Ichthyosisis an infrequent clinical entity worldwide with an incidence of 1:600,000 births. It can be one of the two types: collodion baby and Harlequin fetus or malignant keratoma (most severe form). The clinical manifestations in either form are thick and hard skin with deep splits. Affected babies are born in a collodion membrane, a shiny waxy outer layer to the skin that is shed 10 - 14 days after birth, revealing the main symptom of the disease. The reported case is of a neonate, born to primigravida mother at seven and a half month's gestation with a birth weight of 2160 grams and Apgar score of 6/10 and 8/10 at 1 and 5 minutes respectively. Conclusively, early diagnosis of this condition can help cope and prevent serious morbidity or even mortality at time. These newborns should be monitored carefully in intensive care units by a multi-disciplinary team.

Comparison of Forward Light Scatter Changes Between SMILE, Femtosecond Laser-assisted LASIK, and Epipolis LASIK: Results of a 1-Year Prospective Study.

PURPOSE: To investigate the characteristics of forward light scatter changes after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and to compare these changes with those after femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK (femto-LASIK) and epipolis LASIK (epi-LASIK). METHODS: A total of 303 eyes (SMILE group = 118 eyes, femto-LASIK group = 90 eyes, epi-LASIK group = 95) of 157 patients were included in this study. Forward straylight was measured preoperatively and 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively using a C-Quant straylight meter (Oculus Optikgeräte, Wetzlar, Germany). RESULTS: A significant increase in straylight was found in the femto-LASIK group only at 1 month after the procedure (P = .002), whereas significant increases were found in the epi-LASIK group at 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year after the procedure (P < .001). There were no significant increases in the straylight values after SMILE (P = .310) compared with the preoperative values, although the straylight values were slightly increased at 1 month. Significant differences in the postoperative-preoperative straylight value (Δlog[s]) changes were found between the SMILE, femto-LASIK, and epi-LASIK groups over the follow-up period (P < .001 for all). The correlations between the ablation depth/central corneal thickness ratios and the straylight values were statistically significant in the femto-LASIK and epi-LASIK groups, whereas no significant correlation between the lenticule thickness/central corneal thickness ratios and the stray-light values was found in the SMILE group. CONCLUSIONS: Forward straylight was slightly increased in the early stage after the femto-LASIK procedure and was significantly increased throughout the follow-up period after epi-LASIK surgery. The SMILE procedure appeared to have a smaller effect on forward light scatter within the 1-year follow-up period.