[Characteristics of transduction in Erwinia by phage 59]. / Osobennosti transduktsii érvinii fagom 59.

A temperate bacteriophage 59 from polylysogenic strain Erwinia carotovora 268 transduces the following genetic markers: arg+, ilv+, leu+, met+, thr+, thy+, trp+, ura+. The transduction frequencies varied from 1 x 10(-8)- to 1 x 10(-6) and dependent on the multiplicity of infection, UV-irradiation of transducing bacteriophage, the nature of phage lysates. The characteristics of single transductants have been studied. Analysis of the obtained results suggests bacteriophage 59 to perform the generalized transduction.

[Mapping of the c-region of the temperate phage 59 of Erwinia carotovora 268]. / Kartirovanie c-oblasti umerennogo faga 59 Erwinia carotovora 268.

The present communication deals with the genetic mapping of the temperate bacteriophage 59 immunity region. Morphological mutants of the c-type of the temperate bacteriophage 59 were isolated after UV-treatment of the phage. Complementation analysis of 36 c-mutants has shown that the bacteriophage 59 c-region consists of at least four genes responsible for the establishment of lysogenization. The two-factor crosses were used to determine the mutual positions (order and distances) of the c-mutations. The order of the c-genes is C1--C3--C2--C4. The three c-genes are localized in a short region of the phage 59 chromosome, but the fourth gene is located in the separate locus.

[Restriction map of permuted DNA of Erwinia carotovora temperate bacteriophage 59]. / Restriktsionnaia karta permutirovannoi DNK umerennogo bakteriofaga 59 Erwinia carotovora.

The cyclic permutation and terminal redundancy were found in the genomes of Erwinia carotovora temperate bacteriophage 59 by electron microscopic studies. The headful mechanism for bacteriophage DNA cleavage and packaging during the phage morphogenesis was confirmed by the restriction analysis technique. Restriction map of the bacteriophage 59 DNA was constructed for restriction endonucleases BamHI, Bg1II, Eco31, Sa1I, SmaI, EcoRI.

[Restriction map of the temperate phage E105 from the polylysogenic culture of Erwinia carotovora 268]. / Restriktsionnaia karta umerennogo faga E105 polilizogennoi kul'tury Erwinia carotovora 268.

DNA structure of the temperate bacteriophage E105 from polylysogenic culture of Erwinia carotovora 268 has been studied. The viral 29.12-29.17 MD DNA has been shown to be linear and nonpermuted. The complete restriction map of the viral DNA has been constructed for MvaI and HpaI and partial for Eco31 restriction endonucleases based on the pair hydrolysis of the native DNA as well as its fragments. Altogether, 19 sites for restriction endonucleases have been localized on bacteriophage DNA.

[Physicochemical and biological properties of the DNA of virulent and temperate Erwinia carotovora phages]. / Issledovanie fiziko-khimicheskikh i biologicheskikh svoistv DNK virulentnogo i umerennogo fagov Erwinia carotovora.

DNA of virulent and moderate E. carotovora viruses, of marked AT-type, was shown to have molecular weights determine by 2 independent methods from 49.2 to 54 and 28 to 29.8 MD, respectively. The genomes of the viruses under study differed by the point and curve profiles of the melting temperature and sedimentation constant. DNA of the moderate phage contains an unidentified abnormal base and has no free cohesive ends. DNA of the moderate virus contains 15% of nucleotide sequences homologous with those of the virulent virus DNA. Calcium-competent cells are the most acceptable system for the study of DNA transfection of these phages. The virulent virus DNA gives a higher yield of transfectants (by 2 orders) than that of the moderate virus. Herring DNA reduces the level of DNA transfection of both phages approximately by 100-fold. In competitive transfection experiments, the virulent virus DNA was found to be more competitive.

[Electron microscopic structure of Erwinia carotovora moderate phage 59 and its DNA]. / Elektronno-mikroskopicheskaia struktura umerennogo faga 59 Erwinia carotovora i ego DNK.

Electron microscopic examinations showed the moderate phage 59 Erwinia carotovora to consist of a head of icosahedral shape 50.0+/- +/-2.5 nm in diameter, a noncontractile process 150.0+/-3.5 nm in length and 8.2+/-1.0 nm in diameter with a basal plate of 20.0+/-1,5 nm. The head of the virion of 45.9 X 10(3) nm3 in volume is formed by 812 morphological subunits about 3.0 nm in diameter; the number of structural subunits is 4860 on the basis of triangulation number (81). The process of the virus is cross-striated, the pattern being formed by 35+/-1 rows (43+/-5 A) of subunits 3.0 nm in diameter. The total number of subunits in the process is 210+/-6. DNA of the virus under study has a trend of ring formation. Its modal length is 14.61+/-0.53 micron corresponding to a molecular weight of 28.66+/-1.04 X 10(6) daltons. The volume of DNA molecule is 45.9 X X 10(3) nm3, indicating that a portion of phage DNA is in the virion, probably in denaturated state. An electron microscopic model of the organization of the virus under study is proposed.

[Manifestation of polylysogeny in Pseudomonas vignae]. / Iavlenie polilizogenii u Pseudomonas vignae

Ultraviolet irradiation and treatment with mitomycin C demonstrated that a culture of Ps. vignae, strain 1025, was polylysogenic, as electron microscopic preparations of phagolysates revealed two types of virus particles: "large" with a hexagonal head of 700 A in diameter, and "small" with a round head of 500 A in diameter. Subcultivation of the test and indicator cultures showed in both cases formation of particles of these phages, the content of "small" virions increasing with the number of passages of negative colonies. Attempts to separate these viruses biological methods were not successfull. The phenomenon of polylysogeny is unusual in that moderate phage adsorbed repeatedly on host bacteria culture and lysed it. The causes of the discovered phenomenon are discussed.

[The isolation and purification of porcine interferon-gamma]. / Poluchenie i ochistka svinogo gamma-interferona.

Porcine immune interferon (IF-gamma) was generated by stimulation with bacterial lectins. Physicochemical analysis showed porcine IF-gamma to be a glycoprotein with an isoelectric point around 8.4-8.8 and an apparent molecular weight of 28000 to 30000. A purification process used in this work included sequential steps of precipitation with ammonium sulphate and chromatographic separation on GPG-glass, con A-Sepharose and biogel P-100. This purification process gave a preparation of IF-gamma with specific activity of around 7 x 10(4) units per mg of protein.

[Molecular biological bases for adenovirus-induced syntheses in cells]. / Molekuliarnobiologicheskie osnovy adenovirusindutsirovannykh sintezov v kletke

The latest data from literature concerning the peculiarities of the molecular structure of adenoviruseses and their reproduction in a cell are summarized. Analysis of experimental materials gives evidence that the regulation of adenovirus-induced syntheses in the infected cell takes place at the transcription and translation level; adenoviruses themselves can be used as a model for studying molecular mechanisms for reproduction of DNA-containing viruses.

[Action of natural gamma-interferons on functional activity of phagocytes and antibody synthesis after vaccination]. / Diia pryrodnykh gamma-interferoniv na funktsional'nu aktyvnist' fagotsytiv krovi tvaryn ta antytilogenez pislia vaktsynatsiï.

Natural swine and cattle gamma-IFNs were prepared for trials. One dose of gamma-suiferon contained 1000 IU, that of gamma-boviferon--2000 IU. Three series of researches were carried out to estimate the in vitro and in vivo absorbing activity of phagocytes (monocytes and neutrophiles), their bactericidal ability (on new born pigs and calves, 2 months old animals, sows and cows with calf) and antibodygenesis after immunization of animals by colibacteriosis vaccine. It has been shown in trials that gamma-IFN increased to significant degree (several times, as a rule) the absorbing activity of phagocytes (especially that of monocytes in new-born animals). At the same time bactericidal activity of phagocytes sharply increased--their functional reserve in experimental animals was significantly higher (2-3-times), than in control. Immunization by colinebacteriosis vaccine with additional treatment by homologous gamma-IFN 3-4 times increased antibodygenesis in comparison with control.

[The effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the interferon-synthesizing activity of swine splenocytes in the production of alpha-interferon]. / Vliianie gidrodinamicheskikh uslovii na interferonsinteziruiushchuiu aktivnost' splenotsitov svinei pri poluchenii al'fa-interferona.

Parameters of physical constituents of the agitation process and mass-exchange characteristics of the suggested bioreactor for suspension cultivation of pig splenocytes are determined. The effect of hydrodynamic conditions on viability and interferon-synthesizing activity of cells in production of alpha-interferon of pigs has been studied. The relation existing between interferonogenesis processes proceeding under suspension and under stationary biosynthesis has been analyzed by the pair correlation method.

[Plasmid R68.45 and S-a transduction by the temperate bacteriophage 59 of Erwinia carotovora 268]. / Transduktsiia plazmid R68.45 i S-a umerennym bakteriofagom 59 Erwinia carotovora 268.

Temperature bacteriophage 59 of Erwinia carotovera 268 had transduced extrachromosomal DNA: plasmids of R68.45 and S-a. Before plasmid transduction experiments the suitable donor strains of indicator culture Erwinia horticola 450 harbouring R68.45 and S-a were created. The frequency of plasmid R68.45 transfer from Pseudomonas putida to E. horticola 450-8 by conjugation was equal to 5 x 10(-8) per a donor cell and in the case of S-a--from E. coli C600 for the same recipient cells--was 2 x 10(-6). Bacteriophage 59 has transduced only separate markers of plasmid R68.45, since plasmid S-a is probably transduced by the phage as an intact unit.