Global cross-cultural validation of a brief measure for identifying potential suicide risk in 42 countries.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the P4 suicide screener in a multinational sample. The primary goal was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the scale and investigate its convergent validity by analyzing its correlation with depression, anxiety, and substance use. STUDY DESIGN: The study design is a cross-sectional self-report study conducted across 42 countries. METHODS: A cross-sectional, self-report study was conducted in 42 countries, with a total of 82,243 participants included in the final data set. RESULTS: The study provides an overview of suicide ideation rates across 42 countries and confirms the structural validity of the P4 screener. The findings indicated that sexual and gender minority individuals exhibited higher rates of suicidal ideation. The P4 screener showed adequate reliability, convergence, and discriminant validity, and a cutoff score of 1 is recommended to identify individuals at risk of suicidal behavior. CONCLUSIONS: The study supports the reliability and validity of the P4 suicide screener across 42 diverse countries, highlighting the importance of using a cross-cultural suicide risk assessment to standardize the identification of high-risk individuals and tailoring culturally sensitive suicide prevention strategies.

Improved synthesis of an aldobiouronic acid related to hardwood xylans, and preparation of a derivative thereof suitable for linking to proteins.

Treatment of 1,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-alpha-D-xylopyranose with methyl 2,3-di-O-benzyl-l-chloro-l-deoxy-4-O-methyl-alpha, beta-D-glucopyranuronate in the presence of silver trifluoromethanesulfonate was highly stereoselective to give the alpha-linked aldobiouronic acid derivative (4) in 86% yield, after hydrogenolysis of the crude product of the coupling and chromatography. Compound 4 was acetylated and the fully protected substance was converted to the corresponding glycosyl chloride. Reaction of the latter with p-nitrophenol under phase-transfer catalysis afforded, after deacetylation, p-nitrophenyl 2-O-(methyl 4-O-methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranosyluronate)-beta-D-xylopyranoside.

Preparation and structure determination of two sugar amino acids via corresponding hydantoin derivatives.

(4R)-2,3-O-Isopropylidene-methylspiro[4,6-dideoxy-alpha-L-lyxo+ ++-hexopyranosid-4,5'-imidazolidin]-2',4'-dione and (4R)-2,3-O-isopropylidene-methylspiro[4,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-h exopyranosid-4,5'-imidazolidin]-2',4'-dione were prepared under various reaction conditions starting from methyl 6-deoxy-2,3-O-isopropylidene-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosid-4-++ +ulose. Corresponding alpha-amino acids methyl (4R)-4-amino-4-C-carboxy-4,6-dideoxy-alpha-L-lyxo-hexopyranosid e and methyl (4R)-4-amino-4-C-carboxy-4,6-dideoxy-beta-D-ribo-hexopyranoside were obtained from the above hydantoins by selective acid hydrolysis of the isopropylidene group, followed by basic hydrolysis of the hydantoin ring. The crystal structures of both hydantoin derivatives are also presented.

Synthesis and structure determination of some sugar amino acids related to alanine and 6-deoxymannojirimycin.

(5'R)-5'-Methyl-5'-[methyl (4S)-2,3-O-isopropylidene-beta-L-erythrofuranosid-4-C-yl]-imidazolidin-2',4'-dione was synthesised starting from methyl 6-deoxy-2,3-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-lyxo-hexofuranosid-5-ulose applying the Bucherer-Bergs reaction. Its 5'-R configuration was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Corresponding alpha-amino acid-methyl (5R)-5-amino-5-C-carboxy-5,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-lyxo-hexofuranoside (alternative name: 2-[methyl (4S)-2,3-O-isopropylidene-beta-L-erythrofuranosid-4-C-yl]-D-alanine) was obtained from the above hydantoin by acid hydrolysis of the isopropylidene group followed by basic hydrolysis of the hydantoin ring. Total deprotection afforded 5-C-carboxy-6-deoxymannojirimycin. Analogously, methyl (5S)-5-amino-5-C-carboxy-5,6-dideoxy-alpha-L-lyxo-hexofuranoside and 5-C-carboxy-6-deoxy-L-mannojirimycin were prepared from the corresponding (5'S)-5'-methyl-5'-[methyl (4R)-2,3-O-isopropylidene-beta-D-erythrofuranosid-4-C-yl]-imidazolidin-2',4'-dione starting from methyl 6-deoxy-2,3-O-isopropylidene-alpha-L-lyxo-hexofuranosid-5-ulose.

Aliphatic 1,2-alkanolamines--inhibitors of beta-glucanase from Candida utilis.

Aliphatic 1,2-alkanolamines inhibited beta-glucanase from Candida utilis. The highest inhibitory effect was observed with 1-dodecylamino-3-chloro-2-propanol (Ki = 1.0 mumol/L) and it was much higher than that of D-glucono-delta-lactone. Simple 1,2-alkanolamines, like 2-aminoethanol or 2-methylaminoethanol, did not exhibit any significant inhibitory effect.

[Correction with contact lenses. The components of correction with contract lenses]. / Corectia cu lentile de contact. Componentele corectiei cu lentila de contact.

In order to understand the way contact lens adapts, we considered as a necessity the successive analysis of the components participating of the correction. Thus we have presented the role of the cornea and the evolution of the tear film under the contact lens. Afterwards contact lens of different types, corneo-scleral, hard or soft as well as the discontinuous, prolonged and permanent wear of lens have been presented.

[The adaptation to contact lenses]. / Adaptarea lentilelor de contact.

The indications of contact lens adaptation in optical purpose are widely large, starting, with refractive errors [correction of vices], unilateral and bilateral aphakia, myopia, anisometropia and astigmatism, together with the use of contact lens in esthetic purpose. We have been presented the adaptation techniques, the supervise, and maintenance of contact lens.

[Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy after systemic hypotension and anemia]. / Neuropatie optica ischemica anterioara dupa hipotensiune sistemica si anemie.

There are shown two cases of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy produced by arterial hypotension and anemia, due to a gastric bleeding and a hemodialysis treatment. Arterial hypotension can obliterate the optic nerve arteries, because of a weak haemodynamic balance previously affected, modifying the perfusion pressure at this level. The acute or chronic haemorrhages can produce anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in patients with vascular risk factors, by means of arterial hypotension and secondary anemia. Hemodialysis can produce anterior ischemic optic neuropathy through secondary arterial hypotension. It is necessary an emergency therapy to reuse arterial blood pressure and rearrange the hemodynamic balance.

[The echographic diagnosis of intraocular tumors in children]. / Diagnosticul ecografic al tumorilor intraoculare la copil.

The echographic exam done on 14 children with leukocoria (white pupil) confirmed in 7 cases the retinoblastoma diagnosis. The exam differentiates the solid tumours from the cystic ones and points out the tumours with non-typical clinical aspect. Results from here the great importance of echography effectuation, especially in non-typical forms with difficult clinical diagnosis. The association of the echographic examination, together with the classical methods of investigation, contributes to the establishing of a correct diagnosis of the size and exact extension of the tumour.

[The ocular manifestations in rheumatoid polyarthritis]. / Manifestari oculare în poliartrita reumatoida.

Systemic diseases as rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis have unknown etiologies, unclear pathogenic mechanisms and multiorgan involvements. Ocular involvement is variable and may effect several levels: sclera, cornea, uvea and conjunctiva. Because an ocular event signify an enhancement of inflammatory-immune reactions, the patient may undergo a complete investigation and general therapy must complete local treatment. The paper showing the ocular manifestation in patients with rheumatic arthritis through a ten-years period.

[Painful ophthalmoplegia--a clinical case]. / Oftalmoplegia dureroasa--caz clinic.

We present the case of the patient S.M., female, 32 years old, who came in our eye clinic for left painful ophthalmoplegia. The onset of the clinical manifestations was a year and half ago, with the decrease of visual acuity at left eye, left partial ophthalmoplegia (partial lesion of the left oculomotor nerve) and secondary left trigeminal neuralgia. The paraclinical investigations excluded the systemic and locoregional diseases. CT exams, the left internal carotid angiography and the surgical intervention at the Neurosurgery Clinic in Timisoara revealed a left juxtasella tumor at the base skull, located extradural, which capsule invade the left nerve oculomotor. We conclusion that the painful ophthalmoplegia are complex clinical syndromes, with a different etiopathogenesis (inflammatory, tumoral, vascular malformations: aneurysm etc.) and their diagnosis and treatment need a good interdisciplinary collaboration: ophthalmologist-neurologist-neurosurgeon-endocrinologist-paraclinical exams.

[The clinico-statistical aspects in allergic conjunctivitis]. / Aspecte clinico-statistice în conjunctivitele alergice.

Ocular allergy represents the hypersensitivity reaction of the ocular surfaces in contact with the external environment. Allergic conjunctivitis are one of the frequent disorders of the clinical practice. In this paper we present statistically the cases attended in our service for one year, a few pathogenetical factors; the positive diagnose and the therapeutic strategy.

[Cystic iris tumors]. / Tumori iriene chistice.

The paper approaches a rare ophthalmological pathology, cystic iris tumors. The authors show two clinical cases treated in the Clinic of Ophthalmology, Timisoara. In both cases the clinical and paraclinical diagnosis was confirmed by postoperator anatomopathological examination.