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Introduction and importance: Spontaneous hemoperitoneum (SH) is a rare, life-threatening condition characterized by nontraumatic and non-iatrogenic intraperitoneal bleeding. This article explores three unique cases of SH, shedding light on unusual causes and emphasizing the critical role of diagnostic imaging and exploratory laparotomy in management. METHODS: The study was a retrospective single-center non-consecutive case series. RESULTS: We report three distinct cases of SH, each originating from uncommon sources: rupture of greater omentum arterio-venous malformation, a branch of the left gastric artery, and pathological splenic rupture. Clinical evaluation, diagnostic imaging, and surgical interventions are detailed for each case. CONCLUSION: These rare cases underscore the diverse etiologies of SH, including idiopathic omental bleeding, gastric intramural hematoma, and atraumatic splenic rupture. Enhanced CT imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosis, enabling the characterization of underlying pathologies. Exploratory laparotomy proves to be an essential treatment option for unstable patients with suspected or confirmed diagnoses of SH.
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For the last three decades, the world surgical community successfully adopted different surgical strategies for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with liver metastases (LM), however, we are still seeing the evolution of treatment guidelines. The purpose of the study was to analyze a 20-year evolution of CRC patients with LM being treated in a specialized state Ukrainian oncological center. Materials and methods: The retrospective analysis of 1118 CRC patient cases using prospectively collected patient data from the National Cancer Institute registry. The time ranges between 2000-2010 and 2011-2022 and the LM manifestation - metachronous (M0)/synchronous (M1) were the two main grouping criteria. Results: The overall survival 5-year survival of patients who had surgery between 2000-2011 and 2012-2022 was 51.3 and 58.2% (P=0.61) for the M0 cohort and 22.6 and 34.7% at M1 (P=0.002), respectively. The results of the multivariate analysis in 1118 cases revealed that liver re-resection and regional lymph node dissection ≥D2 were associated with better overall survival [hazard ratio (95% CI)=0.76 (0.58-0.99) P=0.04] in the M0 cohort and receiving at least 15 courses of chemotherapy had better recurrence-free survival rates [hazard ratio (95% CI)=0.97 (0.95-0.99), P=0.03] for both M0 and M1. Conclusions: It was shown the improvement of the oncological prognosis for CRC patients with synchronous LM who were treated after 2012. The adaptation of world experience algorithms and the surgical strategy evolution have become the root cause of the above.
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BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to develop a prevention system that allows to reduce frequency of pancreatic fistula and severe postoperative complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy. METHODS: The results of 143 pancreatic head resections were analyzed at our department, in the period from January 2017 to December 2019. In the main group we proposed pancreatic fistula prevention system and assessment of sarcopenia that were applied in 56 patients during a year (from November 2018 to December 2019). In patients with high risk of pancreatic fistula we performed pancreato-jejunostomy with external drainage of the main pancreatic duct (stent) during the reconstructive stage after pancreatoduodenectomy. The comparison group was comprised of 87 patients. They were operated in the period from January 2017 to October 2018 without assessment of the pancreatic fistula risk and presence of sarcopenia. Decision on the type of pancreatic anastomosis was based on surgeon's preference. RESULTS: The level of postoperative complications was significantly higher in the comparison group 26 (29.9%) and 7 (12.5%) in the main group (χ2=5.8, P=0.01). The level of postoperative pancreatic fistula grade B or C was in 15 (17.2%) of 26 patients in the comparison group, which is significantly higher than in the main group, where the fistula gr. B occurred in 1 (1.8%) patient (χ2=8.19, P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: The developed prevention system allowed to significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula from 17.2% to 1.8% and the number of severe postoperative complications from 29.9% to 12.5%.