[Endoscopic intraluminal treatment of early biliary complications after orthotopic liver transplantation]. / Opyt endoskopicheskogo vnutriprosvetnogo lecheniya rannikh biliarnykh oslozhnenii posle ortotopicheskoi transplantatsii pecheni.

OBJECTIVE: To improve the outcomes after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) followed by early biliary complications via endoscopic bilioduodenal stenting. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study enrolled 41 patients with early biliary complications within 90 days after OLT. All patients underwent endoscopic treatment between 2001 and 2021. There were 34 (82.9%) men and 7 (17.1%) women aged 48.5±12.5 years. Strictures and failure of biliary anastomosis occurred in 33 (80.5%) and 8 (19.5%) patients, respectively. RESULTS: After endoscopic treatment, serum bilirubin normalized in 3.3±0.86 days in patients with strictures (23.7 (16.4; 34.5) mmol/l, p<0.001). Diameter of lobar ducts as a criterion of biliary hypertension was normalized after 4 (2.5; 5.5) days (p<0.001). Bile leakage after stenting with a covered self-expanding stent regressed in all 7 patients after 3 (2; 5) days. In 1 patient, bile output through the drainage stopped in 8 days after bilioduodenal stenting with a plastic stent. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic bilioduodenal stenting is always effective and minimally invasive treatment after liver transplantation followed by early biliary complications (failure or stricture of anastomosis). This approach minimizes postoperative complications (9.8%) that do not require surgical intervention (Clavien-Dindo grade I).

[Speech and spatial characteristics of hearing in older age groups using virtual reality technologies]. / Rechevye i prostranstvennye kharakteristiki slukha v starshikh vozrastnykh gruppakh pri ispol'zovanii tekhnologii virtual'noi real'nosti.

Spatial and speech characteristics of hearing are needed to monitor the rehabilitation of sensorineural hearing loss in patients of older age groups. Using the created «Program for the assessment of speech, spatial and qualitative characteristics of hearing using virtual reality¼ increases the level of hearing diagnostics using a computerized audiovisual script. The purpose of the study is a comparative analysis of the speech, spatial and qualitative characteristics of hearing before and after using virtual reality in patients of older age groups. The results of the study showed that with good tolerance of virtual reality in 48.3% of patients, the answers to the questions of the SSQrus-12 questionnaire for assessing the spatial and speech characteristics of hearing became more objective. The developed methodology supplemented the group of modern diagnostic methods for spatial and verbal hearing by immersing the patient in a virtual environment in the created audiovisual scenario.

[Ensure - complete and balanced nutrition, convenient on work].

The work conditions often may compromise a company ability to supply their employees with adequate, hot meals. For heavy labor workers and some office employees it is important to restore energy and nutrients with food, balanced in nutrients. The lack of adequate nutritive support can give a negative impact on different organs functions. One of the main principles of healthy nutrition is - diet must be balanced in nutrients. Which is easy to say, but difficult to implement, especially on some industries. Complete and balanced liquid and ready-to-use nutrition is new trend in nutrition of healthy people who cannot consume optimal diet, and in people with the risk of nutrient deficiencies. One-two packs of Ensure daily can significantly improve a worker ration. 2 and more packs could serve as a real complete and balanced lunch (>or=780 kcal). Also Ensure is easy to store and to deliver in distant places of work and can be recommended for use as a convenient, complete and balanced nutrition on work.

[Nocturia in elderly patients].

This study demonstrates a comparative assessment of the causes of nocturia in young and elderly patients with overactive bladder (OAB). We used the database of 245 patients over 18 years (117 men, 128 women) with OAB (more than 8 micturition per day), with presence or absence of urgent urinary incontinence and nocturia (an average of 2.5 episodes per night). All the patients had to complete a diary within 3 days indicating the time of the urge to urinate, urine volume per micturition and sleep time (when the patient is actually asleep before waking time). These patients were divided by sex and also into three age groups: younger than 60 years, 61-69 years and over 70 years. A diary was used to determine the nocturia index, nocturnal polyuria index, index of nocturnal bladder capacity. The most obvious reason for nocturia in patients with OAB was the polyuria and reduced nocturnal bladder capacity, which are not dependent on age. In young patients (< or = 60 years) nocturia was the result of the decrease of nocturnal bladder capacity and was evaluated by IBC. For the patients older than 70 years, the most common cause of nocturia was nocturnal polyuria, which was estimated by the index of nocturnal polyuria.

[Prevalence of different types of urinary incontinence and concomitant diseases in elderly patients].

This article presents the data on the prevalence of different types of urinary incontinence and concomitant diseases on the basis of answers to questions obtained from 398 patients over 65 years. We have analyzed the relationship among certain diseases in patients with urgent and stress incontinence. Lower urinary tract symptoms were more common in men over the age of 70 years; no such a tendency in women was observed. Among the patients older than 70 years, the probability of urgency and urgent incontinence increases significantly, regardless of gender. In older women the urgent and mixed urinary incontinence associates with the concomitant diseases. Stress urinary incontinence in women was not associated with any of the indicators of general health and social activity.

[Correction of stress urinary incontinence in women with a free suburethral sling].

The most serious problem which must be solved in surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence is providing adequate support for the middle urethra or urinary bladder neck with minimal sling tension. High frequency of positive results of implantation of a free synthetic sling is explained by the fact that a prolen tape does not extend and reliably arrests shift of the vesico-urethral angle in elevation of intraperitoneal pressure unlike other artificial supports (a fascial loop, fixing ligatures, ect.). Thus, the TVT operation is an effective treatment of stress urinary incontinence in women. The success of the surgical intervention depends primarily on adequate choice of patients and technically perfect conduction of the operation.