The Occurrence of Gluten-Related Antibodies, Sensitization to Selected Food Allergens, and Antibodies against Intrinsic Factor in Adult Patients with Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder. Due to the possible overlap of IBS clinical symptoms with gluten-related diseases, food allergies, and autoimmune gastritis (AIG), the aim of this study was to present the frequency of anti-tissue transglutaminase 2 (TTG2) autoantibodies, anti-deamidated gluten peptide (DGP) antibodies, specific immunoglobulin E antibodies (sIgE) to selected food allergens, and anti-intrinsic factor (IF) autoantibodies in adult patients with diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D). The study involved 244 patients (170 women) aged 18-75 years. The antibodies were measured with the use of multiparametric immunoassays. Elevated antibody concentrations, irrespective of the class of tested antibody, occurred in 44 patients (17.6%), including 11 patients (4.5%) with positive DGP antibodies, four patients (1.6%) with TTG2 autoantibodies, six patients (2.5%) with IF autoantibodies, and 31 patients (12.7%) with sIgE to food allergens. Sensitization to gluten, proteins from cow's milk, and bovine serum albumin was found in 2.1%, 5.3%, and 9.0% of patients, respectively. Our study showed a high percentage of positive results for the tested antibodies in the IBD-D patients, which indicates the need to perform serological tests for CD, food allergies, and AIG in this group of patients.

The Efficacy and Safety of Single-Strain Probiotic Formulations Containing Bifidobacterium lactis or Bacillus coagulans in Adult Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome-A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Three-Arm Interventional Trial.

Probiotics offer a potential new therapeutic approach for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but current results are still controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of single-strain probiotic formulations in adult IBS patients and to compare the effects of Bifidobacterium lactis NORDBIOTIC™ BI040 (DSM 33812/34614) and Bacillus coagulans NORDBIOTIC™ BC300 (DSM 33836) in a prospective three-arm interventional randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. The study included 123 IBS subjects diagnosed according to the Rome IV criteria. The primary outcomes were changes in symptom severity and symptom improvement as assessed using the IBS Severity Scoring System (IBS-SSS) after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of intervention and after 4 weeks of follow-up. Secondary outcomes included the assessment of individual IBS symptoms and the occurrence of adverse events. During the 12-week intervention, IBS-SSS scores significantly decreased (p-values < 0.001) in the study groups but differences between the interventional and placebo groups did not reach statistical significance. However, at the 16th week of follow-up, a significant improvement in the total IBS-SSS score in comparison to the placebo group (20.5%) was found in 43.8% and 52.9% of the Bifidobacterium lactis (p = 0.038, OR 3.0, [95% CI 1.1-8.6]) and the Bacillus coagulans (p = 0.005, OR 4.6 [95% CI 1.5-12.2]) groups, respectively. Bifidobacterium lactis had a beneficial effect on the intensity and frequency of pain, whereas Bacillus coagulans decreased the bowel dissatisfaction. Both strains increased the percentage of patients with normal stool consistency, but only Bifidobacterium lactis induced a decrease in the number of patients with constipation after 6 weeks of supplementation. Both probiotic strains were well tolerated, without differences in the occurrence of adverse events between groups. In conclusion, single-strain supplementation was safe and efficient in IBS patients but showed a different range of effects. Bifidobacterium lactis BI040 primarily reduced the frequency and intensity of pain, while Bacillus coagulans BC300 increased bowel satisfaction [ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05064930].

The effects of environmental factors on the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in inhabitants of Lublin Province.

The aim of the study was to analyse the prevalence of H. pylori infection in adult inhabitants of Lublin Province. The effects of living conditions and lifestyle on the infection frequency were evaluated. The study included 585 adults randomly chosen for the epidemiological analysis of H. pylori infection in the Lublin region within the project commissioned by the Ministry of Health (PCZ 08-09) and State Committee for Scientific Research (C007/P05/2000). The study was based on a personal questionnaire and determinations of anti/Hp antibodies in IgG class using the ELISA method. High titres of anti/Hp antibodies (> 24 IU/ml) were demonstrated in 78.5 % of the subjects. In Lublin Province the infected individuals constitute 72 % of inhabitants, in the big towns--74 % and in small towns--95 %. According to the place of birth: among those born in the country 87 % are infected, compared to 78.4 % in the small towns and 64 % in the big towns, respectively. Positive test results were observed in 79 % of farmers, 78 % of manual workers and 75 % of mental workers. The percentage of the affected neglecting basic hygienic rules exceeded 90 %. With increased frequency of hygienic measures the number of the H. pylori infected individuals decreased to 65 %. The prevalence of H. pylori infection among the inhabitants of the Lublin region is lower than that found in town inhabitants. Lublin Province shows the lowest level of H. pylori infection in Poland. The H. pylori infection is strongly affected by the lack of basic rules of personal hygiene and improper diet.

The effects of environmental factors on the incidence of Helicobacter pylori infection in the adult population of the Lublin region.

The Helicobacter pylori infection is considered the most frequent factor of morbidity and mortality in the diseases of the upper alimentary tract. It is responsible for duodenal and gastric ulcers. It may contribute to the development of MALT lymphoma and gastric carcinoma. The H.p. infection is a widespread phenomenon, its intensification is associated with the socioeconomic status and increases with age. The aim of the study is to analyse the epidemiological trends of the H.p. infection, the effects of environmental factors, lifestyle, diet and sanitary habits on the incidence of H.p. infection in the adult population of the Lublin region. The study included 585 adults randomly chosen for epidemiological analysis within the project ordered by the Ministry of Health and State Committee for Scientific Research. The personal questionnaires were completed and serum levels of antibodies against H.p. were determined. The positive results were found in 78.52% of the examined participants. In the youngest group, the positive result was observed in 46% of cases. In the successive age groups a systematic increase in the number of the infected was found--from 46% to 100%. The highest number of the infected individuals live in provincial towns--94.6%, the lowest--in the country--71.9%. The infections are significantly affected by sanitary conditions: poor personal hygiene--the incidence about 90%. The infection incidence is also affected by alcohol consumption--increases with consumption of high-grade alcohols--82.4% (compared to 67.5% among non-drinkers) and decreases in those drinking low-grade alcohols (beer)--75.8% (84.9% in non-drinkers). No effects of the economic status and education on the H.p. infection incidence were observed.