Prognostic implications of surgical specimen quality on the oncological outcomes of open and laparoscopic surgery in mid and low rectal cancer.

PURPOSE: Determine differences in pathologic outcomes between laparoscopic (LAP) and open surgery (OPEN) for mid and low rectal cancer and its influence in long-term oncological outcomes. METHODS: Retrospective case matched study at a tertiary institution. Adults with rectal cancer below 12 cm from the anal verge operated between January 2005 and September 2018 were included. Primary outcomes were quality of specimen, overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and local recurrence (LR). RESULTS: The study included 311 patients, LAP = 108 (34.7%), OPEN = 203 (65,3%). A successful resection was accomplished in 81% of the LAP group and in 84.5% of the OPEN (p = 0.505). No differences in free distal margin (LAP = 100%, OPEN = 97.5%; p = 0.156) or circumferential resection margin (LAP = 95.2%, OPEN = 93.2%; p = 0.603) were observed. However, mesorectum quality was incomplete in 16.2% for LAP and in 8.1% for OPEN (p = 0.048). OS was 91.1% for LAP and 81.1% for OPEN (p = 0.360). DFS was 81.4% for LAP and 77.5% for OPEN (p = 0.923). Overall, LR was 2.3% without differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic approach could affect the quality of surgical specimen due to technical aspects. However, if principles of surgical oncology are respected, minor pathologic differences in the quality of the mesorectum may not influence on the long-term oncologic outcomes.

Late parastomal evisceration.

BACKGROUND: Parastomal evisceration is a very uncommon complication of stomas with only few cases reported in the literature. This complication can be developed in the early postoperative period due to technical aspects of stoma creation, but late parastomal evisceration appearing after 6 months from surgery is an exceptional condition. Herein, we present a rare case of a patient with late parastomal evisceration. CASE PRESENTATION: A 44-year-old man with sigmoid volvulus underwent a temporary end-terminal colostomy. The ostomy was complicated by a parastomal hernia and stoma prolapse 5 months postoperatively. He was brought into our emergency department having been found collapsed in the street. On physical examination, the patient presented signs of shock and evisceration of small bowel through the colostomy. Intraoperatively, a perforation of prolapsed colon was assessed as the point for intestinal evisceration. We discuss this case and all similar cases reported in the literature. CONCLUSION: Parastomal evisceration is a potentially life-threatening complication. Patients with parastomal hernia and stoma prolapse must be considered for surgical treatment to avoid this complication.

Life-threating diarrhea and acute renal failure secondary to pancreatic VIPoma treated by surgery.

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors represent less than 5% of all pancreatic tumors. They are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with a diverse behavior and prognosis. Pancreatic vasoactive intestinal polypeptide tumor (VIPoma) is an exceptional tumor within this group due to its low incidence. The presence of pancreatic VIPoma should be clinically suspected in all patients with watery diarrhea, particularly when accompanied by a loss of potassium and bicarbonate and a pancreatic mass on imaging. There are other pathologies with similar symptoms; therefore, a correct differential diagnosis with an adequate treatment is essential for its management. We present the case of a 46-year-old patient who developed a prerenal kidney failure secondary to severe watery diarrhea after a diagnosis of pancreatic VIPoma. Thus, a resection was performed as the patient was rapidly deteriorating and required an intervention.

Clinical symptoms are correlated with gastrojejunal anastomosis complications only during the first year after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGBP) many patients complain of epigastric pain or food intolerance, leading to the performance of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy. Objective: this study aims to assess which symptomatology as reported by LRYGBP patients during follow-up suggested correlation with pathological findings of endoscopy, and which factors might play a role, taking the timing of symptom presentation into account. Materials and methods: a retrospective cohort study was performed identifying LRYGBP patients presenting with food intolerance and/or epigastric pain who had undergone endoscopy. Primary outcomes were endoscopy findings, their association with patient characteristics, and timing of symptom presentation. Results: of the 514 patients complaining of epigastric pain and/or food intolerance, 81 (15.6 %) underwent endoscopy. A gastrojejunostomy complication was found in 58 % of cases. All patients who complained about food intolerance and epigastric pain presented pathological findings. The only preoperative factor associated with a gastrojejunostomy complication was being a smoker (p = 0.021). Time between surgery and endoscopy was also a predictive factor for endoscopic pathological findings (p = 0.007); in cases of epigastric pain, symptom onset during the first year (median: 10 months) was related to increased risk of gastrojejunal complications (p < 0.05). Conclusions: endoscopies performed within one year of surgery were significantly more likely to reveal pathological findings than endoscopies performed after the first postoperative year, especially in patients experiencing epigastric pain.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: tras un baipás gástrico laparoscópico en "Y de Roux" muchos pacientes refieren dolor epigástrico o intolerancia alimenticia, lo que motiva la realización de una endoscopia digestiva alta. Objetivos: el objetivo de este estudio es intentar establecer una relación entre la sintomatología referida por los pacientes sometidos a baipás gástrico con los hallazgos endoscópicos patológicos y conocer qué factores pueden estar implicados, considerando el momento de presentación. Material y métodos: estudio retrospectivo de cohortes, identificando a los pacientes sometidos a baipás gástrico laparoscópico que presentan dolor epigástrico o intolerancia alimenticia durante el seguimiento y a los que se realizó una endoscopia digestiva alta. El objetivo primario es relacionar los hallazgos endoscópicos con la sintomatología y el momento de aparición. Resultados: de los 514 pacientes que presentaban dolor epigástrico o intolerancia alimenticia, 81 (15,6 %) fueron sometidos a endoscopia digestiva alta. En un 58 % de los casos se encontraron complicaciones relacionadas con la gastroyeyunostomía. En todos los pacientes que presentaban simultáneamente dolor e intolerancia aparecieron hallazgos endoscópicos patológicos. El único factor preoperatorio relacionado con las complicaciones fue el hábito tabáquico (p = 0,021). El tiempo entre la cirugía y la realización de la endoscopia también fue un factor significativamente relacionado con los hallazgos endoscópicos (p = 0,007). En los casos de dolor epigástrico durante el primer año (media: 10 meses) existía un incremento del riesgo de aparición de complicaciones de la gastroyeyunostomía (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: las endoscopias realizadas durante el primer año postoperatorio tenían más probabilidades de presentar hallazgos patológicos, sobre todo en los pacientes afectos de dolor epigástrico.

Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass as an Effective Bariatric Revisional Surgery after Restrictive Procedures.

INTRODUCTION: Revisional surgery must be considered when insufficient weight loss is attained or weight is subsequently regained. This study aimed to investigate the value of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) as a revisional procedure after restrictive surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational, retrospective study including patients initially operated on for morbid obesity with restrictive techniques (vertical-banded gastroplasty [VBG], adjustable gastric band [AGB], and sleeve gastrectomy) and reoperated with RYGB in our centre between December 1994 and January 2019. Demographic and anthropometric data, associated comorbidities (diabetes mellitus type II, arterial hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and surgery-related data (approach, complications, and hospital stay) were evaluated at 5 different time points: initial (prior to first intervention), after the first surgical intervention, before the second intervention (gastric bypass), after the gastric bypass, and at present. RESULTS: A total of 63 patients were included. VBG was the most frequent initial procedure (n = 33). The mean age was 39 ± 9.52 years, and the average initial weight was 143.53 ± 28.6 kg. Weight loss was achieved in all groups, with a median excess weight loss of 58% after the first surgery and 40.3% after gastric bypass. In terms of weight loss, the best results after the second surgery were obtained when the first surgery was AGB, with statistically significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: RYGB is effective as a conversion procedure after a previous restrictive surgery, obtaining a significant reduction in weight and BMI. It has an acceptable morbidity rate and is more effective after an AGB.

Clinical symptoms are correlated with gastrojejunal anastomosis complications only during the first year after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass / Los síntomas clínicos se relacionan con las complicaciones de la anastomosis gastroyeyunal solamente durante el primer año después del baipás gástrico laparoscópico

Introduction: after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGBP) many patients complain of epigastric pain or food intolerance, leading to the performance of upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy. Objective: this study aims to assess which symptomatology as reported by LRYGBP patients during follow-up suggested correlation with pathological findings of endoscopy, and which factors might play a role, taking the timing of symptom presentation into account. Materials and methods: a retrospective cohort study was performed identifying LRYGBP patients presenting with food intolerance and/or epigastric pain who had undergone endoscopy. Primary outcomes were endoscopy findings, their association with patient characteristics, and timing of symptom presentation. Results: of the 514 patients complaining of epigastric pain and/or food intolerance, 81 (15.6 %) underwent endoscopy. A gastrojejunostomy complication was found in 58 % of cases. All patients who complained about food intolerance and epigastric pain presented pathological findings. The only preoperative factor associated with a gastrojejunostomy complication was being a smoker (p = 0.021). Time between surgery and endoscopy was also a predictive factor for endoscopic pathological findings (p = 0.007); in cases of epigastric pain, symptom onset during the first year (median: 10 months) was related to increased risk of gastrojejunal complications (p < 0.05). Conclusions: endoscopies performed within one year of surgery were significantly more likely to reveal pathological findings than endoscopies performed after the first postoperative year, especially in patients experiencing epigastric pain. (AU)

Introducción: tras un baipás gástrico laparoscópico en “Y de Roux” muchos pacientes refieren dolor epigástrico o intolerancia alimenticia, lo que motiva la realización de una endoscopia digestiva alta. Objetivos: el objetivo de este estudio es intentar establecer una relación entre la sintomatología referida por los pacientes sometidos a baipás gástrico con los hallazgos endoscópicos patológicos y conocer qué factores pueden estar implicados, considerando el momento de presentación. Material y métodos: estudio retrospectivo de cohortes, identificando a los pacientes sometidos a baipás gástrico laparoscópico que presentan dolor epigástrico o intolerancia alimenticia durante el seguimiento y a los que se realizó una endoscopia digestiva alta. El objetivo primario es relacionar los hallazgos endoscópicos con la sintomatología y el momento de aparición. Resultados: de los 514 pacientes que presentaban dolor epigástrico o intolerancia alimenticia, 81 (15,6 %) fueron sometidos a endoscopia digestiva alta. En un 58 % de los casos se encontraron complicaciones relacionadas con la gastroyeyunostomía. En todos los pacientes que presentaban simultáneamente dolor e intolerancia aparecieron hallazgos endoscópicos patológicos. El único factor preoperatorio relacionado con las complicaciones fue el hábito tabáquico (p = 0,021). El tiempo entre la cirugía y la realización de la endoscopia también fue un factor significativamente relacionado con los hallazgos endoscópicos (p = 0,007). En los casos de dolor epigástrico durante el primer año (media: 10 meses) existía un incremento del riesgo de aparición de complicaciones de la gastroyeyunostomía (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: las endoscopias realizadas durante el primer año postoperatorio tenían más probabilidades de presentar hallazgos patológicos, sobre todo en los pacientes afectos de dolor epigástrico. (AU)

Manejo diagnóstico y terapéutico de la filariasis mamaria / Diagnostic and therapeutic management to breast filariasis

La filariasis es una enfermedad parasitaria benigna poco frecuente en los países occidentales, sobre todo la afectación mamaria es inusual. Sin embargo, aumenta la frecuencia de casos de filariasis mamaria en nuestro medio debido a las corrientes migratorias y el turismo a zonas endémicas. Nuestro objetivo es incidir en el manejo diagnóstico y terapéutico de la filariasis mamaria a propósito de un caso clínico

Filariasis is a benign parasitic disease that is unusual in western countries, especially filariasis of the breast. However, cases of breast filariasis are increasing in our environment due to greater immigration and tourism to endemic areas. We report a case of breast filariasis to describe the diagnostic and therapeutic management of this disease

Life-threating diarrhea and acute renal failure secondary to pancreatic VIPoma treated by surgery

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors represent less than 5% of all pancreatic tumors. They are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with a diverse behavior and prognosis. Pancreatic vasoactive intestinal polypeptide tumor (VIPoma) is an exceptional tumor within this group due to its low incidence. The presence of pancreatic VIPoma should be clinically suspected in all patients with watery diarrhea, particularly when accompanied by a loss of potassium and bicarbonate and a pancreatic mass on imaging. There are other pathologies with similar symptoms; therefore, a correct differential diagnosis with an adequate treatment is essential for its management. We present the case of a 46-year-old patient who developed a prerenal kidney failure secondary to severe watery diarrhea after a diagnosis of pancreatic VIPoma. Thus, a resection was performed as the patient was rapidly deteriorating and required an intervention

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