Dorsoventral hippocampus distinctly modulates visceral sensitivity and anxiety behaviors in male IBS-like rats.

Accumulating evidences suggest dysfunctions in the hippocampus are associated with chronic pain. Nevertheless, the role of hippocampal circuitry in pain memories and emotional responses is not yet fully understood. In this study, we utilized a comprehensive approach that combined electromyography (EMG), photochemical genetic techniques, and anxiety-related behavioral paradigms to investigate the involvement of dorsal hippocampus (DH) and ventral hippocampus (VH) in visceral sensitivity and anxiety behaviors in male rats. Our results demonstrated that IBS-like rats exhibited comorbid visceral hypersensitivity and anxiety, along with the number of activated neurons in the VH was higher than that in the DH. Manipulation of glutamatergic neurons in the hippocampus was identified as a crucial mechanism underlying the mediation of both visceral sensitivity and anxiety behaviors. Specifically, optogenetic activation of the DH induced both visceral hypersensitivity and anxiety, while activation of the VH induced anxiety but did not affect visceral sensitivity. Conversely, chemogenetic inhibition of the DH reduced both visceral hypersensitivity and anxiety, whereas inhibition of the VH alleviated anxiety but did not alleviate visceral hypersensitivity in IBS-like rats. Our study highlights the important role of early life stress in inducing visceral hypersensitivity and anxiety, and further elucidates the distinct functional contributions of the DH and VH to these behavioral changes. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of IBS, and suggest that targeting specific hippocampal neuron subtypes may represent a promising therapeutic approach.

Development and design of intelligent lubricating equipment for feed systems.

Recently, the lubricating devices for the feed systems of computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools supply oil periodically because programmable logic controller and macro are adopted for designing oil supply for the present CNC machine tools, causing lack or overdose lubrication. This study attempts to discuss and design the optimum lubrication cycle timing for the feed system under the experimental conditions of different loads and feed rates. The parameters of the servomotor are monitored by utilizing an intelligent module, the changes in the current and torque of the servomotor are obtained, and then a lubrication module is created with the Stribeck friction model, a modeling that utilizes response surface methodology. The increase in feed rate will cause increasing current and torque, and the current and torque for the load 35 kg were 11 and 13%, respectively. Finally, different loads and feed rates are imported to determine optimal lubrication timing. According to a long-term validation, the oil supply frequency is improved by over 80% without influencing the feed system accuracy, and the traditional lubrication module is compared with the lubrication module. Long time test is 8 h, and the rate of improvement is 87.5%, the cost of lubricating oil is reduced, and green manufacturing is met. An appropriate oil supply system is provided for the circle.