RESUMEN
A 39-year-old woman was diagnosed with right breast cancer(cT3N1M0, cStage â ¢A, triple negative type). After preoperative chemotherapy using dose-dense doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, followed by dose-dense paclitaxel every 2 weeks, the patient underwent right modified radical mastectomy. Postmastectomy radiotherapy to the right chest wall and right supraclavicular area and oral capecitabine therapy were administered. Computed tomography 1 year after surgery showed multiple lung metastases. The patient received atezolizumab and nab-paclitaxel therapy. Six months after the first chemotherapy, metastatic brain tumor in right frontal lobe, 12 mm in size, was observed along with enlargement of lung metastases. Because the brain tumor showed rapid growth after CyberKnife therapy, emergency tumorectomy was performed. One month after cranial surgery, new 3 brain metastases were appeared. Gamma knife therapy to brain metastases and pembrolizumab, carboplatin, gemcitabine therapy was started. Although insufficient doses of carboplatin and gemcitabine were administered due to bone marrow suppression, no progression was observed for about 1 year after initiation of pembrolizumab therapy. Pembrolizumab therapy may show anti-tumor effect to breast cancer brain metastases, even after a failure of atezolizumab therapy.
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Anticuerpos Monoclonales Humanizados , Neoplasias Encefálicas , Neoplasias de la Mama , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas , Femenino , Humanos , Adulto , Neoplasias de la Mama/cirugía , Carboplatino , Gemcitabina , Mastectomía , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Paclitaxel , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/cirugía , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Neoplasias de la Mama Triple Negativas/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
A 58-year-old woman with HER2-negative hormone-sensitive postmenopausal breast cancer underwent preoperative bone scintigraphy and CT to search for distant metastasis. Bone metastasis was suspected in the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra. MRI revealed a mass that was hypointense on T1- and T2-weighted images and hyperintense on diffusion- weighted images, with intense contrast enhancement, indicating bone metastasis at cT1N0M1, Stage â £(M: OSS). The patient underwent partial mastectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy. The postoperative diagnosis was pT2N0cM1, Stage â £, with the status of bone metastasis being key to staging. PET-CT showed uptake in the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra but no other metastatic findings. However, solitary bone metastasis to the cervical spinous process is atypical. CT-guided needle biopsy confirmed benign fibrous dysplasia, and the final diagnosis was breast cancer at pT2N0M0, Stage â ¡A. Fibrous dysplasia is characterized by impaired osteogenesis leading to fibroplasia and commonly occurs in the skull, jaw bones, ribs, and limbs. Solitary fibrous dysplasia in the cervical spinous process is rare. The lesion was asymptomatic and pathologically benign, requiring no treatment. The patient underwent postoperative radiation therapy for the conserved breast and is followed up with endocrine therapy.
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Neoplasias Óseas , Neoplasias de la Mama , Displasia Fibrosa Ósea , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias de la Mama/cirugía , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Tomografía Computarizada por Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones , Mastectomía , Displasia Fibrosa Ósea/diagnóstico , Displasia Fibrosa Ósea/patología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
Male breast cancer accounts for approximately 1% of the overall incidence of breast cancer. We report a rare case of intraductal papilloma(intracystic papilloma)in a 73-year-old man, which was suspected to be breast cancer as it presented as an approximately 6 cm mass below the left nipple in various imaging studies. The patient was aware of a mass measuring a few millimeters below the left nipple for 5 years, but had not sought treatment. He visited our department 3 months after redness and pain were noted around the nipple; the mass had enlarged. Palpation revealed a 6 cm smooth-surfaced mass as well as nipple retraction; diagnostic imaging showed a cystic tumor with a solid internal structure. Fine-needle aspiration cytology and core needle biopsy did not indicate a definitive diagnosis, and a left mastectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy were performed based on a preoperative diagnosis of breast cancer. Pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of intraductal papilloma, based on findings such as infarction-induced hemorrhagic necrosis, stromal and epithelial proliferation, apocrine metaplasia, and squamous epithelial metaplasia. Reports of a large-diameter intraductal papilloma(intracystic papilloma)suspicious for breast cancer in men are rare; therefore, surgical resection and detailed histopathological exploration of the whole tumor were required.
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Neoplasias de la Mama , Papiloma Intraductal , Anciano , Neoplasias de la Mama/cirugía , Humanos , Masculino , Mastectomía , Pezones/cirugía , Papiloma Intraductal/cirugía , Biopsia del Ganglio Linfático CentinelaRESUMEN
A case of successful local treatment for metachronous oligometastases to the lung and mediastinal lymph nodes in a postmenopausal woman with breast cancer is presented. A 44-year-old woman underwent partial mastectomy and left axillary lymph node dissection for right breast cancer. Thirteen years and 3 months after the operation, she was referred to our hospital for a right lung mass detected by mass screening and diagnosed with a metastatic lung tumor from left breast cancer following CT-guided biopsy. She was simultaneously diagnosed with right breast cancer, and pulmonary metastasectomy, right partial mastectomy, and sentinel lymph node biopsy were performed. Two years after the second operation, follow-up CT showed a swollen lymph node at the pre-tracheal space, and endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic breast cancer. The mediastinal lymph node metastasis showed no change in size for 2 years and 7 months with fulvestrant therapy, and no other metastases were found. Proton beam therapy of 60 GyE in 30 fractions was administered to the metastatic lymph node. Substantial tumor shrinkage with no severe toxicity was observed, and to date, the patient has remained disease-free. More cases need to be studied to investigate the appropriate strategy for local therapy in patients with oligometastatic breast cancer.
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Neoplasias de la Mama , Adulto , Axila , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Mama/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Escisión del Ganglio Linfático , Ganglios Linfáticos , Metástasis Linfática , Mastectomía , Biopsia del Ganglio Linfático CentinelaRESUMEN
Acinic cell carcinoma(ACC)is an invasive malignancy primarily characterized by proliferation of tumor cells that resemble acinar cells of the salivary glands and pancreas. ACC of the mammary glands is rare. We report a case of primary ACC of the breast. Two masses were revealed in the left mammary gland of a 57-year-old woman who visited our hospital through screening mammography. The lesions were identified as synchronous multiple breast carcinoma of 2 different histological types; ACC and tubulolobular carcinoma. For treatment, left mastectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy were performed, followed by postoperative chemotherapy and endocrine therapy. Hematoxylin-eosin staining of ACC revealed abundant acinar- like structures formed by tumor cells with prominent eosinophilic granules in the cytoplasm. Immunostaining was positive for S-100 protein, α1-antichymotrypsin, α1-antitrypsin, and lysozyme. The tumor cells were negative for estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors, which indicated that they had a triple-negative phenotype. Although primary ACC of the breast is regarded as low-grade triple-negative breast carcinoma with a favorable prognosis, further accumulation of cases may be needed to elucidate the biological features of ACC and investigate appropriate therapeutic strategies.
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Neoplasias de la Mama , Carcinoma de Células Acinares , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Mama/cirugía , Carcinoma de Células Acinares/cirugía , Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Femenino , Humanos , Mamografía , Mastectomía , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), and influenza virus are responsible for acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) in adults. We assessed the clinical burden of RSV, hMPV and influenza virus infection among Japanese adults hospitalized with ARTIs. METHODS: The Hospitalized Acute Respiratory Tract Infection (HARTI) study was a multinational, prospective cohort study in adults with ARTIs across the 2017-2019 epidemic seasons. Enrolment in Japan began in Sept 2018 and ran until Oct 2019. The clinical diagnosis of ARTI and the decision to hospitalize the patient were made according to local standard of care practices. Viral testing was performed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Of the 173 adults hospitalized with ARTI during this period at the Japan sites, 7 (4.0%), 9 (5.2%), and 11 (6.4%) were positive for influenza virus, RSV, and hMPV, respectively. RSV season was observed from Oct 2018 to Jan 2019, followed by influenza from Dec 2018 to Apr 2019. hMPV was detected across both the RSV and influenza seasons. Two patients with RSV and 1 patient with hMPV required ICU admission whereas none with influenza. Use of antibiotics, bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids was high amongst patients with RSV and hMPV at 1, 2, and 3 months' post-discharge compared with patients with influenza, with few exceptions. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the need for a high degree of clinical suspicion for RSV and hMPV infection in adults hospitalized with ARTIs.
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Hospitalización , Gripe Humana , Infecciones por Paramyxoviridae , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Enfermedad Aguda , Estudios de Cohortes , Costo de Enfermedad , Pueblos del Este de Asia , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Gripe Humana/epidemiología , Japón/epidemiología , Infecciones por Paramyxoviridae/epidemiología , Estudios Prospectivos , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/epidemiología , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/epidemiología , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/virologíaRESUMEN
Long-term medical care for people living with HIV (PLHIV) is critical for treatment efficacy, and various studies have examined reasons for antiretroviral therapy (ART) non-adherence. In Japan, doctors assume patients maintain high adherence. However, little is known about real-world treatment adherence. We conducted an anonymous self-administered web-based survey asking about adherence for a total of 1030 Japanese PLHIV who were currently on ART. Adherence was determined using the eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8), for which scoring ranged from 0 to 8 and scores < 6 points were classified as low adherence. Data were analyzed based on patient-related factors; therapy-related factors; condition-related factors, such as a comorbidity with depression (utilizing the Patient Health Questionnaire 9, PHQ-9); and healthcare/system-related factors. Among 821 PLHIV who responded to the survey, 291 responders (35%) were identified as being in the low adherence group. A statistically significant relationship was found between the number of missed anti-HIV drug doses within the previous 2 weeks and long-term adherence, per the MMAS-8 score (p < 0.001). Risk factors for low adherence included age (younger than 21 years, p = 0.001), moderate to severe depression (p = 0.002, using the PHQ-9), and drug dependence (p = 0.043). Adherence was also influenced by a shared decision-making process, including treatment selection, doctor-patient relations, and treatment satisfaction. Adherence was mainly affected by treatment decision factors. Hence, support of care providers should be considered critical for improving adherence.
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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Perianal lesion is a refractory phenotype of Crohn's disease [CD] with significantly diminished quality of life. We evaluated the clinical characteristics of perianal lesions in newly diagnosed CD patients and the impact of perianal lesions on the quality of life in Japanese patients with CD. METHODS: Patients newly diagnosed with CD after June 2016 were included between December 2018 and June 2020 from the Inception Cohort Registry Study of Patients with CD [iCREST-CD]. RESULTS: Perianal lesions were present in 324 [48.2%] of 672 patients with newly diagnosed CD; 71.9% [233/324] were male. The prevalence of perianal lesions was higher in patients aged <40 years vs ≥40 years, and it decreased with age. Perianal fistula [59.9%] and abscess [30.6%] were the most common perianal lesions. In multivariate analyses, male sex, age <40 years and ileocolonic disease location were significantly associated with a high prevalence of perianal lesions, whereas stricturing behaviour and alcohol intake were associated with low prevalence. Fatigue was more frequent [33.3% vs 21.6%] while work productivity and activity impairment-work time missed [36.3% vs 29.5%] and activity impairment [51.9% vs 41.1%] were numerically higher in patients with than those without perianal lesions. CONCLUSIONS: At the time of CD diagnosis, approximately half of the patients had perianal lesions; perianal abscesses and perianal fistulas were the most common. Young age, male sex, disease location and behaviour were significantly associated with the presence of perianal lesions. The presence of perianal lesion was associated with fatigue and impairment of daily activities. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRY: University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry System [UMIN-CTR, UMIN000032237].
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Enfermedades del Ano , Enfermedad de Crohn , Fístula Rectal , Masculino , Femenino , Humanos , Enfermedad de Crohn/diagnóstico , Enfermedad de Crohn/epidemiología , Enfermedad de Crohn/complicaciones , Calidad de Vida , Constricción Patológica/patología , Enfermedades del Ano/diagnóstico , Enfermedades del Ano/epidemiología , Enfermedades del Ano/complicaciones , Absceso/diagnóstico , Absceso/epidemiología , Absceso/etiología , Fístula Rectal/diagnóstico , Fístula Rectal/epidemiología , Fístula Rectal/etiología , Sistema de RegistrosRESUMEN
Invasion of hepatocytes by Plasmodium sporozoites deposited by Anopheles mosquitoes, and their subsequent transformation into infective merozoites is an obligatory step in the initiation of malaria. Interactions between the sporozoites and hepatocytes lead to a distinct, complex and coordinated cellular and systemic host response. Little is known about host liver cell response to sporozoite invasion, or whether it is primarily adaptive for the parasite, for the host, or for both. Our present study used gene expression profiling of human HepG2-A16 liver cells infected with Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites to understand the host early cellular events and factors influencing parasite infectivity and sporozoite development. Our results show that as early as 30 min following wild-type, non-irradiated sporozoite exposure, the expressions of at least 742 genes was selectively altered. These genes regulate diverse biological functions, such as immune processes, cell adhesion and communications, metabolism pathways, cell cycle regulation, and signal transduction. These functions reflect cellular events consistent with initial host cell defense responses, as well as alterations in host cells to sustain sporozoites growth and survival. Irradiated sporozoites gave very similar gene expression pattern changes, but direct comparative analysis between liver gene expression profiles caused by irradiated and non-irradiated sporozoites identified 29 genes, including glypican-3, that were specifically up-regulated only in irradiated sporozoites. Elucidating the role of this subset of genes may help identify the molecular basis for the irradiated sporozoites inability to develop intrahepatically, and their usefulness as an immunogen for developing protective immunity against pre-erythrocytic stage malaria.
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Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Hepatocitos/metabolismo , Malaria Falciparum/metabolismo , Plasmodium falciparum , Esporozoítos , Transcripción Genética , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Células Hep G2 , Hepatocitos/parasitología , HumanosRESUMEN
We report a case of recurrent hormone receptor-positive breast cancer with brain metastases that showed good response to vinorelbine(VNR)and anastrozole(ANA). A 49-year-old woman with a history of left breast cancer had initially undergone modified radical mastectomy, but was diagnosed with lung metastases 8 years postoperatively. Despite treatment with docetaxel and tamoxifen, multiple brain metastases were detected 10 years postoperatively. To achieve prompt improvement of neurological symptoms, surgical resection was performed for two large brain foci. Stereotactic radiosurgery using a gamma- knife was applied for the remaining multiple brain metastases. Histological examination identified the brain tumors as estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. Despite the use of cyclophosphamide, adriamycin and 5- fluorouracil(CAF therapy)and capecitabine, brain metastases recurred twice along with pleuritis carcinomatosis and bone metastasis. In addition to gamma-knife re-treatment, therapy was started with VNR and ANA. All metastatic sites including brain showed a good response to therapy with few adverse reactions, and no recurrence has been observed over 3 years.
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Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Anastrozol , Neoplasias Encefálicas/secundario , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Nitrilos/administración & dosificación , Receptores de Estrógenos/metabolismo , Recurrencia , Triazoles/administración & dosificación , Vinblastina/administración & dosificación , Vinblastina/análogos & derivados , VinorelbinaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic, chronic inflammatory disease of the large intestine. Ustekinumab is a monoclonal antibody against the p40 subunit of interleukin-12 and interleukin-23 and has proven efficacy in inducing and maintaining remission in adult patients with moderate-to-severe UC. In the Symptom Improvement of ulceRative colitis after an Induction dose of Ustekinumab study, we will document the initial treatment response (daily patient-reported outcomes for 8 weeks from first infusion) and treatment patterns of patients wih UC receiving an induction dose of ustekinumab in the real-world setting in Japan. We will also investigate the relationship between the treatment response at week 8 and early indicators of response and determine patient factors that may define the appropriate dosing interval for maintenance therapy. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: For this single-arm, prospective observational study at 24 centres in Japan with a follow-up period of 16/20 weeks, we aim to recruit 140 patients with moderate-to-severe UC between July 2021 and July 2022. All surveys will be conducted in Japanese and patient-reported outcomes relating to rectal bleeding, stool frequency, abdominal pain, nocturnal diarrhoea, tenesmus and perception of UC symptoms will be recorded using a smartphone application, where the patients can enter their initial response to ustekinumab induction therapy on a daily basis. Dosing intervals and the reasons for selecting this interval, and concomitant medications taken during treatment with ustekinumab will be collected by a physician questionnaire at the end of the study. On completion of primary end point (8-week patient-reported outcomes) data collection, results will be reported sequentially. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study has been approved by the ethics committee of each facility involved and the Institutional Review Board of the non-profit organisation MINS. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: UMIN000043753, NCT04963725.
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Colitis Ulcerosa , Ustekinumab , Adulto , Colitis Ulcerosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Japón , Medición de Resultados Informados por el Paciente , Inducción de Remisión , Resultado del Tratamiento , Ustekinumab/efectos adversos , Ustekinumab/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The Inception Cohort Registry Study of Patients with Crohn's Disease aimed to clarify clinical characteristics and disease course of newly diagnosed Crohn's disease patients in Japan throughout a 4-year period. Results from an interim analysis of the largest nation-wide registry study that covers approximately 1% of Crohn's disease patient population in Japan are reported. METHODS: This prospective, observational registry study was conducted at 19 tertiary centers in Japan. Patients newly diagnosed with Crohn's disease after June 2016 (age ≥ 16 years at informed consent) were enrolled between December 17, 2018 and June 30, 2020. Patient demographics, diagnostic procedures and categories, disease location and lesion behavior (Montreal classification) at the time of diagnosis were recorded. RESULTS: Of 673 patients enrolled, 672 (99.9%) were analyzed (458: men, 214: women), male-to-female ratio: 2.1, median age at diagnosis 25 (range 13-86) years; peak age of disease diagnosis: 20-24 years. Most common disease location was L3 (ileocolonic; 60.1%). Non-stricturing, non-penetrating (B1) disease was most common behavior (62.8%); 48.9% reported perianal lesions. Notably, age-wise analysis revealed disease phenotypes varied between patients aged < 40 and ≥ 40 years in terms of male-to-female ratio (2.5/1.3)/disease location (L3: 66.3%/37.0%)/disease behavior (B1: 66.4%/50.0%)/perianal lesion: (55.7%/20.5%) at Crohn's disease diagnosis, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Interim analysis of this nation-wide Inception Cohort Registry Study of Patients with Crohn's Disease revealed the demographics and disease characteristics of newly diagnosed Crohn's disease patients in Japan and demonstrated that disease phenotype varied between patients aged < 40 and ≥ 40 years, serving as important information for management of individual patients.
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Enfermedad de Crohn , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Enfermedad de Crohn/diagnóstico , Enfermedad de Crohn/epidemiología , Enfermedad de Crohn/patología , Estudios Prospectivos , Japón/epidemiología , Sistema de Registros , Progresión de la EnfermedadRESUMEN
The antibacterial activity of meropenem (MEPM) and other parenteral antibiotics against clinical isolates of 2655 strains including 810 strains of Gram-positive bacteria, 1635 strains of Gram-negative bacteria, and 210 strains of anaerobic bacteria obtained from 30 medical institutions during 2009 was examined. The results were as follows; (1) MEPM was more active than the other carbapenem antibiotics tested against Gram-negative bacteria, especially against enterobacteriaceae and Haemophilus influenzae. MEPM was also active against most of the species tested in Gram-positive and anaerobic bacteria, except for multidrug resistant strains including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). (2) MEPM maintained potent and stable antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The proportion of MEPM-resistant strains to ciprofloxacin-resistant strains or imipenem-resistant strains were 53.1% and 58.0% respectively. (3) The proportion of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) strains was 3.1% (26 strains) in enterobacteriaceae. And the proportion of metallo-beta-lactamase strains was 2.0% (6 strains) in P. aeruginosa. (4) Of all species tested, there were no species except for Bacteroides fragilis group, which MIC90 of MEPM was more than 4-fold higher than those in our previous study. Therefore, there is almost no significant decrease in susceptibility of clinical isolates to meropenem. In conclusion, the results from this surveillance study suggest that MEPM retains its potent and broad antibacterial activity and therefore is a clinically useful carbapenem for serious infections treatment at present, 14 years passed after available for commercial use in Japan.
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Antibacterianos/farmacología , Bacterias Anaerobias/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias Anaerobias/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones Bacterianas/microbiología , Bacterias Gramnegativas/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias Gramnegativas/aislamiento & purificación , Bacterias Grampositivas/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias Grampositivas/aislamiento & purificación , Tienamicinas/farmacología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Niño , Preescolar , Formas de Dosificación , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Japón , Meropenem , Persona de Mediana Edad , Sistema Respiratorio/microbiología , Factores de Tiempo , Orina/microbiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
A case of a woman in her 60s with breast cancer, whose leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) of breast cancer improved remarkably with letrozole monotherapy, is reported. The patient complained of numbness of her left hand and hoarseness, followed by progressive asymmetric extremity weakness and a bladder and rectal disturbance. The patient had undergone surgery for left breast cancer 18 years earlier and was concerned about recurrence of breast cancer, but there were no typical findings with some imaging modalities. The third lumbar puncture showed the malignant cytology of breast cancer, and the patient was diagnosed with recurrent breast cancer. Her performance status was very poor, and it was difficult to administer systemic chemotherapy. Letrozole was started because immunohistochemistry was positive for estrogen and progesterone receptors. After 4 months of letrozole therapy, the symptoms improved gradually. LM has a poor prognosis, and there is little evidence on which to base treatment, but hormone therapy may be an option for LM when the tumor is hormone receptor-positive, slow growing, and has a small volume.
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The purpose of this study is to clarify involvement ratios between central and peripheral cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 in rat inflammatory pain models, by evaluating celecoxib and [6-chloro-2-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]acetic acid (CIAA) on carrageenan-induced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia. Celecoxib and CIAA exhibited ID(30) values with 1.5 and 7.7 mg/kg on mechanical hyperalgesia, respectively, and ID(25) values with 0.54 and 36 mg/kg on thermal hyperalgesia, respectively. By solving quadratic functional analysis with prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) inhibitory activities, it was calculated that involvement ratios between central and peripheral COX-2 involvement were 0.47 and 0.53 on mechanical hyperalgesia, and 0.97 and 0.03 on thermal hyperalgesia, respectively. These data suggest that central and peripheral COX-2 are equally involved in mechanical hyperalgesia, while central COX-2 is predominantly involved in thermal hyperalgesia.
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Clorobenzoatos/farmacología , Inhibidores de la Ciclooxigenasa 2/farmacología , Ciclooxigenasa 2/metabolismo , Ácidos Indolacéticos/farmacología , Dolor/fisiopatología , Pirazoles/farmacología , Sulfonamidas/farmacología , Animales , Carragenina , Celecoxib , Clorobenzoatos/administración & dosificación , Clorobenzoatos/farmacocinética , Ciclooxigenasa 2/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores de la Ciclooxigenasa 2/administración & dosificación , Inhibidores de la Ciclooxigenasa 2/farmacocinética , Dinoprostona/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Calor , Hiperalgesia/tratamiento farmacológico , Hiperalgesia/fisiopatología , Ácidos Indolacéticos/administración & dosificación , Ácidos Indolacéticos/farmacocinética , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/fisiopatología , Masculino , Modelos Biológicos , Dolor/tratamiento farmacológico , Dimensión del Dolor , Pirazoles/administración & dosificación , Pirazoles/farmacocinética , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Sulfonamidas/administración & dosificación , Sulfonamidas/farmacocinética , Distribución TisularRESUMEN
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) produced by cyclooxygenase (COX) is a potent pro-inflammatory mediator. We have recently discovered CJ-023,423, a highly selective antagonist of EP4 receptors, one of the PGE2 receptors. This agent is suitable for exploring the effects of blocking EP4 receptors following oral administration in rats. In this study, CJ-023,423 was used in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) to investigate the role of the EP4 receptor in chronic inflammation and bone destruction. These effects were compared with those of rofecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor. CJ-023,423 had significant inhibitory effects on paw swelling, inflammatory biomarkers, synovial inflammation and bone destruction in AIA rats. In particular, the inhibitory effect on paw swelling in AIA rats was comparable to that of rofecoxib. These results suggest that PGE2 acting via the EP4 receptor is involved in the development of chronic inflammation and bone destruction, particularly with respect to oedema in AIA rats. This is the first study to confirm the in-vivo effects of EP4 receptor blockade on inflammation and bone destruction in AIA rats with a small-molecule compound.
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Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Artritis Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Receptores de Prostaglandina E/antagonistas & inhibidores , Sulfonamidas/farmacología , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/administración & dosificación , Artritis Experimental/fisiopatología , Resorción Ósea/tratamiento farmacológico , Resorción Ósea/etiología , Dinoprostona/metabolismo , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Edema/tratamiento farmacológico , Edema/etiología , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/etiología , Lactonas/farmacología , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas Lew , Subtipo EP4 de Receptores de Prostaglandina E , Sulfonamidas/administración & dosificación , Sulfonas/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The antibacterial activity of meropenem (MEPM) and other parenteral antibiotics against clinical isolates of 876 strains of Gram-positive bacteria, 1764 strains of Gram-negative bacteria, and 198 strains of anaerobic bacteria obtained from 30 medical institutions during 2006 was measured. The results were as follows; 1. MEPM was more active than the other carbapenem antibiotics tested against Gram-negative bacteria, especially against enterobacteriaceae and Haemophilus influenzae. MEPM was also active against most of the species tested in Gram-positive and anaerobic bacteria, except for multi-drug resistant strains including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. 2. As for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, all of the MEPM-resistant strains were resistant to imipenem (IPM). MEPM showed low cross-resistant rate both againt IPM-resistant P. aeruginosa (41.8%) and ciprofloxacin-resistant P. aeruginosa (33.3%). 3. The proportion of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) strains was 4.3% (6 strains) in Escherichia coli, 1.1% (1 strain) in Citrobacter freundii, 21.7% (5 strains) in Citrobacter koseri, 3.1% (4 strains) in Klebsiella pneumoniae, 3.3% (3 strains) in Enterobacter cloacae, 0.8% (1 strain) in Serratia marcescens, and 4.9% (2 strains) in Providencia spp. The proportion of metallo-beta-lactamase strains was 3.1% (10 strains) in P. aeruginosa. 4. Of all species tested, there were no species, which MIC90 of MEPM was more than 4-fold higher than those in our previous study. Therefore, there is almost no significant decrease in susceptibility of clinical isolates to meropenem. In conclusion, the results from this surveillance study suggest that MEPM retains its potent and broad antibacterial activity and therefore is a clinically useful carbapenem at present, 11 years after available for commercial use.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Bacterias Gramnegativas/efectos de los fármacos , Bacterias Grampositivas/efectos de los fármacos , Tienamicinas/farmacología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Bacterias Gramnegativas/enzimología , Bacterias Gramnegativas/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Bacterias Gramnegativas/microbiología , Bacterias Grampositivas/enzimología , Bacterias Grampositivas/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Bacterias Grampositivas/microbiología , Humanos , Inyecciones Intravenosas , Japón , Meropenem , Factores de Tiempo , beta-Lactamasas/biosíntesisRESUMEN
Aromatase inhibitors target the production of estrogen in breast adipose tissue, but in doing so, also decrease estrogen formation in bone and other sites, giving rise to deleterious side effects, such as bone loss and arthralgia. Thus, it would be clinically useful to selectively inhibit aromatase production in breast. In this regard, we have determined that the orphan nuclear receptor liver receptor homologue-1 (LRH-1) is a specific transcriptional activator of aromatase gene expression in human breast preadipocytes but not in other tissues of postmenopausal women. In this study, we show that the coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) is a physiologically relevant modulator of LRH-1, and that its transcriptional activity can be inhibited effectively using receptor-interacting peptide antagonists that prevent PGC-1alpha recruitment. Interestingly, we note that all of these peptides also interact in an agonist-dependent manner with retinoid X receptor alpha (RXRalpha), suggesting that these two receptors may compete for limiting cofactors within target cells. In support of this hypothesis, we show that 9-cis-retinoic acid, acting through RXR, inhibits both the basal and PGC-1alpha-induced transcriptional activity of LRH-1. The importance of this finding was confirmed by showing that LRH-1-dependent, PGC-1alpha-stimulated regulation of aromatase gene expression in primary human breast preadipocytes was effectively suppressed by RXR agonists. We infer from these data that LRH-1 is a bona fide target whose inhibition would selectively block aromatase expression in breast, while sparing other sites of expression.
Asunto(s)
Aromatasa/química , Aromatasa/genética , Mama/metabolismo , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/genética , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/farmacología , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas/fisiología , Receptores Citoplasmáticos y Nucleares/genética , Receptor alfa X Retinoide/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/genética , Factores de Transcripción/farmacología , Adipocitos/citología , Adipocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Adipocitos/metabolismo , Alitretinoína , Animales , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Aromatasa/metabolismo , Mama/citología , Mama/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , Estrógenos/metabolismo , Células HeLa , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Ratones , Fragmentos de Péptidos/farmacología , Coactivador 1-alfa del Receptor Activado por Proliferadores de Peroxisomas gamma , Receptores Citoplasmáticos y Nucleares/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Transcripción Genética , Tretinoina/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Liver metastasis from breast cancer usually results in the development of systemic metastasis. We report a breast cancer patient with an early isolated liver recurrence who survived more than 7 years with no recurrence. She was treated with aggressive HER2-directed chemotherapy and hepatic metastasectomy. Local hepatectomy with effective medical oncological therapy with curative intent is worth trying in patients with breast cancer liver metastasis.