Genome-wide analysis of the switchgrass YABBY family and functional characterization of PvYABBY14 in response to ABA and GA stress in Arabidopsis.

BACKGROUND: The small YABBY plant-specific transcription factor has a prominent role in regulating plant growth progress and responding to abiotic stress. RESULTS: Here, a total of 16 PvYABBYs from switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) were identified and classified into four distinct subgroups. Proteins within the same subgroup exhibited similar conserved motifs and gene structures. Synteny analyses indicated that segmental duplication contributed to the expansion of the YABBY gene family in switchgrass and that complex duplication events occurred in rice, maize, soybean, and sorghum. Promoter regions of PvYABBY genes contained numerous cis-elements related to stress responsiveness and plant hormones. Expression profile analysis indicated higher expression levels of many PvYABBY genes during inflorescence development and seed maturation, with lower expression levels during root growth. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis demonstrated the sensitivity of multiple YABBY genes to PEG, NaCl, ABA, and GA treatments. The overexpression of PvYABBY14 in Arabidopsis resulted in increased root length after treatment with GA and ABA compared to wild-type plants. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our study provides the first genome-wide overview of the YABBY transcription factor family, laying the groundwork for understanding the molecular basis and regulatory mechanisms of PvYABBY14 in response to ABA and GA responses in switchgrass.

Evolutionary game analysis of multiple subjects in the management of major public health emergencies.

The frequent occurrence of major public health emergencies (MPHEs) significantly challenges national security, economic stability, social operation and the safety of people's lives and property worldwide. Consequently, enhancing the emergency management of MPHEs is critically urgent. This paper constructs a game model involving local government, social organisations, and the public for MPHE management, exploring strategy combinations and influencing factors across various scenarios. Several results were obtained. (1) Local government, social organisations, and the public each have positive and negative strategy choices based on cost-benefit analysis, leading to eight different strategy combinations. Furthermore, all three take positive strategies as the optimal way to achieve the game equilibrium. (2) The transformation of strategy combinations is primarily influenced by the cost-benefit gap and the strategic decisions of local government. (3) Altering a subject's initial strategy value doesn't change its final choice but impacts the time to achieve a stable strategy equilibrium. The severity of local government punishments on social organisations influences their strategic choices and the time to optimal strategy, whereas rewards to the public or social organisations only affect the time to achieve this strategy. The findings of this study can not only help improve the collaborative governance system of MPHEs but also provide scientific guidance on how governments can manage MPHEs.

Hybrid Hydrogels for Immunoregulation and Proangiogenesis through Mild Heat Stimulation to Accelerate Whole-Process Diabetic Wound Healing.

Intense and persistent oxidative stress, excessive inflammation, and impaired angiogenesis severely hinder diabetic wound healing. Bioactive hydrogel dressings with immunoregulatory and proangiogenic properties have great promise in treating diabetic wounds. However, the therapeutic effects of dressings always depend on drugs with side effects, expensive cytokines, and cell therapies. Herein, a novel dynamic borate-bonds crosslinked hybrid multifunctional hydrogel dressings with photothermal properties are developed to regulate the microenvironment of diabetic wound sites and accelerate the whole process of its healing without additional medication. The hydrogel is composed of phenylboronic acid-modified chitosan and hyaluronic acid (HA) crosslinked by tannic acid (TA) through borate bonds and Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) with photothermal response characteristics are embedded in the polymer networks. The results indicate hydrogels show inherent broad-spectrum antioxidative activities through the integrated interaction of borate bonds, TA, and PBNPs. Meanwhile, combined with the regulation of macrophage phenotype by HA, the inflammatory microenvironment of diabetic wounds is transformed. Moreover, the angiogenesis is then enhanced by the mild photothermal effect of PBNPs, followed by promoted epithelialization and collagen deposition. In summary, this hybrid hydrogel system accelerates all stages of wound repair through antioxidative stress, immunomodulation, and proangiogenesis, showing great potential applications in diabetic wound management.