RESUMEN
Introduction Global health is still being impacted by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Objectives We evaluated the antibody response in this study in individuals who received two doses of the COVID-19 vaccination, both with and without a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methodology It was a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted among healthcare personnel at a tertiary institution of a predominantly tribal state in India. Results A total of 187 medical students made up the vaccinee group; the majority (152; 81.3%) were between the ages of 18 and 23; 128 (68.4%) of the students were female; and 104 (55.6%) had received the Covishield (AstraZeneca plc, England, UK) vaccination. Of the subjects, 51 (27.3%) had a history of COVID-19 infection. For those who were infected, the antibody titer peaked after six months, whereas it took twice as long for those who were not. Up to a year later, the antibody titers for Covaxin (Bharat Biotech, Hyderabad, India) and Covishield remained equal; however, Covishield titers drastically decreased while Covaxin stayed constant when an infection history was present. Conclusion The study's findings show that immunization in individuals who have previously contracted COVID-19 induces a higher level of antibody response than immunization in individuals who have not previously contracted the virus.
RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Coronary artery disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Nepal, however, there are very few published reports of prevalence of various risk factors for coronary artery disease in the community from Nepal. METHOD: We evaluated 140 adult subjects by simple randomization from all wards in the community in Dharan, a small city located in the foothills in eastern Nepal. After exclusion of subjects with insufficient data, 119 subjects were included for the final analysis. Age ranged from 35 to 86 (mean 54.1+ 10.5) years and there were 63 males and 56 females. Various parameters which were studied included :history of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease, smoking, hereditary history, family history, measurement of blood pressure, anthropometric parameters such as body mass index and waist hip ratio and biochemical parameters such as random blood sugar and serum cholesterol. RESULTS: The prevalence of various risk factors for coronary artery disease was found to be: hypertension 42 (35.3%), diabetes mellitus--19 (15.9%), history of current smoking--46 (38.7%), hypercholesterolemia--15 (12.6%), sedentary life style 56 (47.1%), body mass index>25 kg/m2--40 (33.6%) and central obesity 50 (42.1%). Approximately one third of the subjects had more than one risk factor. CONCLUSIONS: The study highlights prevalence of various risk factors for coronary artery disease in the community. Since majorly of the risk factors are modifiable, timely intervention can help in reducing morbidity and mortality due to this disease.