Skeletal muscle index impacts the treatment outcome of elderly patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma.

Sarcopenia is a crucial factor in the physical fitness of elderly individuals. This study investigated the prognostic values of multiple parameters of sarcopenia in association with established prognostic factors in elderly Japanese patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). As candidate indicators for sarcopenia, the skeletal muscle index (SMI) (cm2 /m2 ), the psoas muscle index, the erector spinae muscle index, the visceral fat index, the subcutaneous fat index, and the visceral to subcutaneous fat area ratio at the third lumbar level were assessed by computed tomography at their initial diagnosis in 102 patients with DLBCL over 75 years old those were diagnosed and treated in our institute from 2007 to 2020. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), and the secondary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). The median age of patients analyzed was 80 years at diagnosis. The sex-specific cut-offs for the indices adopted two approaches: (i) the historical cut-off values established in the previous study for healthy Japanese individuals (Hamaguchi Y. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2018), and (ii) each sex-specific lowest quartile in our cohort. As the results, SMI evaluated by the historical cut-off and sex-specific lowest quartile was identified as the most influential independent prognostic factor for both OS and PFS among various parameters for sarcopenia. Furthermore, we developed an elderly sarcopenia prognostic index (ESPI). ESPI, which combines SMI evaluated by the historical cut-off and LDH > ULN, demonstrated statistically significant prognostic impacts on OS and PFS. Moreover, compared to the R-IPI, ESPI showed the ability to identify intermediate-risk groups and indicated a trend toward improved predictive accuracy. Our study revealed that SMI is the most appropriate assessment method for evaluating sarcopenia and the critical prognostic factor in OS and PFS of elderly patients with DLBCL.

Small cell pattern of ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma with double-hit rearrangements of DUSP22 and TP63.

In ALK-negative anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), gene rearrangements of DUSP22 and TP63 are considered mutually exclusive. The former predicts a favorable prognosis, while the latter is generally unfavorable. We report the first case of ALK-negative ALCL in a leukemic phase with small cell pattern transformation, harboring double-hit rearrangements of the DUSP22 gene by inv(6)(p25q21) and TP63 gene by TBL1XR1-TP63 inversion. Despite the resistance to chemotherapies, the patient remained in remission with allogeneic stem cell transplantation over 20 months. Recognizing this pathologically and genetically rare condition is needed for prompt diagnosis and therapeutic decision-making in ALK-negative ALCL.

Cervical Local Cytokine Release Syndrome Following Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Therapy in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma.

The use of chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy for hematologic malignancies is rapidly increasing, and appropriately managing adverse events (AEs) is crucial. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a common AE of CAR-T therapy, characterized by systemic symptoms such as fever and respire-circulatory failure. We present two cases with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) accompanied by a rare complication of cervical local CRS as an acute inflammatory reaction at a specific site after CAR-T infusion. Case 1: A 60-year-old gentleman with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) developed grade 1 CRS on day one that required three doses of tocilizumab. Then he developed remarkable cervical edema as local CRS on day five. His local CRS spontaneously improved from day seven without additional therapy. Case 2: A 70-year-old gentleman with DLBCL developed grade 1 CRS on day two that required three doses of tocilizumab. Then he developed remarkable cervical edema and muffled voice as local CRS on day three. He received dexamethasone because of concerns about airway obstruction, and his local CRS improved immediately after dexamethasone administration. Before Tisa-Cel infusion, neither patients had a lymphoma lesion in their necks. To summarize, local CRS may occur at the site without lymphoma involvement after CAR-T therapy. An appropriate diagnosis and careful observation are required to determine the need for additional treatment.