Recombinant proteins production in Escherichia coli BL21 for vaccine applications: a cost estimation of potential industrial-scale production scenarios.

Recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic elevated research interest in microorganism-related diseases, and protective health application importance such as vaccination and immune promoter agents emerged. Among the production methods for proteins, recombinant technology is an efficient alternative and frequently preferred method. However, since the production and purification processes vary due to the protein nature, the effect of these differences on the cost remains ambiguous. In this study, brucellosis and its two important vaccine candidate proteins (rOmp25 and rEipB) with different properties were selected as models, and industrial-scale production processes were compared with the SuperPro Designer® for estimating the unit production cost. Simulation study showed raw material cost by roughly 60% was one of the barriers to lower-cost production and 52.5 and 559.8 $/g were estimated for rEipB and rOmp25, respectively.

HighlightsTechno-economic evaluation of recombinant protein produced for vaccine purposesRecombinant proteins rOmp25 and rEipB production process using E.coli BL21Effect of outer membrane and periplasmic space proteins on purification costSimulated cost estimation of rEipB and rOmp25 were 52.5 and 559.8 $/g, respectively.

Biobutanol production from underutilized substrates using Clostridium: Unlocking untapped potential for sustainable energy development.

The increasing demand for sustainable energy has brought biobutanol as a potential substitute for fossil fuels. The Clostridium genus is deemed essential for biobutanol synthesis due to its capability to utilize various substrates. However, challenges in maintaining fermentation continuity and achieving commercialization persist due to existing barriers, including butanol toxicity to Clostridium, low substrate utilization rates, and high production costs. Proper substrate selection significantly impacts fermentation efficiency, final product quality, and economic feasibility in Clostridium biobutanol production. This review examines underutilized substrates for biobutanol production by Clostridium, which offer opportunities for environmental sustainability and a green economy. Extensive research on Clostridium, focusing on strain development and genetic engineering, is essential to enhance biobutanol production. Additionally, critical suggestions for optimizing substrate selection to enhance Clostridium biobutanol production efficiency are also provided in this review. In the future, cost reduction and advancements in biotechnology may make biobutanol a viable alternative to fossil fuels.

Characterization study and optimization of swelling behavior for p(HEMA-co-Eudragit L-100) hydrogels by using Taguchi Method.

The aim of this study is to produce the smart hydrogel to use insulin release for human body. p(HEMA-co-Eudragit L-100) hydrogels containing different ratios of 2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and Eudragait L-100 were synthesized by using ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a cross linker. The structures of hydrogels produced were characterized by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis. In this way, optimum synthesis conditions were determined for p(HEMA-co-Eudragit L-100) hydrogels by using Taguchi method as an optimization method. The gelling percentages of all hydrogels were calculated. After all, the swelling behaviors (%) of hydrogels were investigated in range of various times (1-44 hrs), temperatures (20-50°C) and pH (2-12) and the optimum process conditions in the production of hydrogels were determined. Consequently, the optimum time, temperature and pH were 24 hours, 37°C and 7, respectively. Thus, this hydrogel could be evaluated in insulin release for diabetes treatment and drug industry.