Evaluation of guanylhydrazone derivatives as inhibitors of Candida rugosa digestive lipase: Biological, biophysical, theoretical studies and biotechnological application.

This work aimed to evaluate the inhibition of Candida rugosa lipase by five guanylhydrazone derivatives through biological, biophysical and theoretical studies simulating physiologic conditions. The compound LQM11 (IC50 = 14.70 µM) presented the highest inhibition against the enzyme. Therefore, for a better understanding of the interaction process, spectroscopic and theoretical studies were performed. Fluorescence and UV-vis assays indicate a static quenching mechanism with non-fluorescent supramolecular complex formation and changing the native protein structure. The binding process was spontaneous (ΔG < 0) and electrostatic forces (ΔH < 0 and ΔS > 0) played a preferential role in stabilizing the complex ligand-lipase. The compounds were classified as non-competitive inhibitors using orlistat as a reference in competition studies. Based on the 1H NMR assays it was possible to propose the sites of ligand (epitope) that bind preferentially to the enzyme and the theoretical studies were consistent with the experimental results. Finally, LQM11 was efficient as a lipase inhibitor of the crude intestinal extract of larvae of Rhynchophorus palmarum, an important agricultural plague, showing potential for control of this pest. Within this context, the real potential of this biotechnological application deserves further studies.

Sexual transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi in murine model.

Trypanosoma cruzi is mainly transmitted by blood-sucking triatomines, but other routes also have epidemiological importance, such as blood transfusion and congenital transmission. Although the possibility of sexual transmission of T. cruzi has been suggested since its discovery, few studies have been published on this subject. We investigated acquisition of T. cruzi by sexual intercourse in an experimental murine model. Male and female mice in the chronic phase of Chagas disease were mated with naive partners. Parasitological, serological and molecular tests demonstrated the parasites in tissues and blood of partners. These results confirm the sexual transmission of T. cruzi in mice.

Embryonic development of Rhynchophorus palmarum (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): dynamics of energy source utilization.

Energy homeostasis is an essential process during oogenesis, nutrients are required for suitable embryonic development, and recently, studies have investigated metabolic activity during this process. This work aims the investigation of dynamics of energy source utilization of Rhynchophorus palmarum during embryogenesis. For this, we first evaluated the mobilization kinetics of the lipids and glycogen. Thereafter, the synthesis of RNA, protein, and the involvement of enzyme of the glycolytic and pentose-phosphate pathways. Results showed that lipid content decreased in contrast with the lipase activity. The total glycogen amounts it was partly consumed and the glucose content increased, but then values remained stable until hatching. Total RNA content increased, and no significant changes in total protein content were observed. A study of the glycolytic pathway data showed activity of hexokinase and pyruvate kinase at the beginning of embryogenesis. Furthermore, glucose-6-phosphate formed is driven into the pentose-phosphate pathway viewed the high activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Finally, these results showed that mobilization of different energy sources together with different enzymatic activities has an important role in embryonic development of R. palmarum.

Use of palm bran (Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck) in partial replacement of concentrate in maintenance equine diets - a pilot study.

Forage palm is extremely suitable as animal fodder due to its high tolerance to the climatic rigors of the semiarid region and its ability to withstand the harsh physical-chemical limitations of poor soils. Thus, in this study, the effects of the partial replacement (0 %, 5 %, 10 % and 15 % replacement) of a molasses- or oat-based commercial concentrate with forage palm bran (FPB) on the acceptability, apparent digestibility and glycemic response of horses at maintenance were evaluated. The ratio of concentrate to roughage (Tifton 85 hay) was 30 : 70 , and the dry matter (DM) intake was 2 % of body weight (BW). For the preference test, 10 barren Mangalarga Marchador mares were used. The experimental diets were offered simultaneously to determine the consumption preference and the intake ratio. For the digestibility test, four mixed-breed geldings were used and were distributed in a Latin square experimental design ( 4 × 4 ). For the glycemic response, blood samples were collected 30 min before and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 min after supplying the feed. The preference test indicated that feed containing 0 % and 5 % FPB was preferred by the animals. Nutrient digestibility coefficients did not differ among the experimental diets. Blood glucose was lower at 180 min in the 7.42 % FPB inclusion diet ( R 2 = 0.97 ); this was estimated using the following equation: Y = 115.05 - 2.75 x + 0.19 x 2 . It is concluded that the incorporation of up to 15 % of forage palm bran as a substitute for concentrate in the maintenance diet tested did not negatively influence feed intake, nutrient digestibility or glycemic index; however, inclusion values above 5 % reduced diet acceptability.

O programa saúde na escola como ferramenta para a construção da educação sexual na adolescência: um relato de experiência / The health in school program as a tool for the construction of sex education in adolescence: an experience report / El programa salud en la escuela como herramienta para la construcción de la educación sexual en la adolescencia: relato de una experiencia

Introdução: O Programa Saúde na Escola (PSE), instituído no ano de 2007, tem o objetivo de promover saúde através do processo educacional, oferecendo o conhecimento adequado e possibilitando a redução de vulnerabilidades que podem vir a comprometer o desenvolvimento de crianças e adolescentes, valorizando a parceria entre profissionais de saúde no contexto escolar. Objetivo: Descrever a experiência de acadêmicas de enfermagem atuando no PSE através de uma abordagem sobre sexualidade na adolescência e enfatizar a importância do papel da enfermeira para promoção da saúde por meio da educação. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo e qualitativo, do tipo relato de experiência, realizado durante as atividades do Estágio Supervisionado I, do curso de Bacharelado em Enfermagem, de uma universidade do interior da Bahia, em uma escola pública municipal do interior da Bahia, no mês de junho de 2022. Principais resultados: Os estudantes não demonstraram constrangimento acerca da temática e estavam participativos, porém, alguns estudantes apresentaram uma postura de desinteresse no que se refere à seriedade do assunto abordado. Percebeu-se que estes possuem conhecimento prévio acerca da temática de saúde sexual e reprodutiva. Todavia, ainda apresentam dúvidas acerca da transmissão das Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (IST), o que contribui para o aumento da ocorrência dessas doenças nessa população. Conclusão: Portanto, destaca-se a importância do PSE e da atuação da enfermeira para educação sexual, o que reflete na qualidade de vida dos adolescentes, bem como na prevenção dos riscos e agravos à sua saúde.

Introduction: The School Health Program (PSE), established in 2007, aims to promote health through the educational process, offering adequate knowledge and enabling the reduction of vulnerabilities that may compromise the development of children and adolescents, valuing the partnership between health professionals in the school context. Objective: To describe the experience of nursing students working in the PSE through an approach on sexuality in adolescence and to emphasize the importance of the nurse's role for health promotion through education. Methodology: Descriptive and qualitative study, of the type of experience report, carried out during the activities of Supervised Internship I, of the Bachelor of Nursing course, of a university in the interior of Bahia, in a municipal public school in the interior of Bahia, in June 2022. Main results: The students did not show embarrassment about the theme and were participative, however, some students presented a posture of disinterest regarding the seriousness of the subject addressed. It was noticed that they have previous knowledge about the theme of sexual and reproductive health. However, they still have doubts about the transmission of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), which contributes to the increase in the occurrence of these diseases in this population. Conclusion: Therefore, the importance of the PSE and the nurse's performance for sexual education is highlighted, which reflects on the quality of life of adolescents, as well as in the prevention of risks and injuries to their health.

Introducción: El Programa Salud en la Escuela (PSE), creado en 2007, tiene como objetivo promover la salud a través del proceso educativo, ofreciendo conocimientos adecuados y posibilitando la reducción de vulnerabilidades que puedan comprometer el desarrollo de niños y adolescentes, valorizando la asociación entre profesionales de salud en el contexto escolar. Objetivo: Describir la experiencia de los estudiantes de enfermería que trabajan en el PSE a través de un abordaje sobre la sexualidad en la adolescencia y destacar la importancia del papel de la enfermera para la promoción de la salud a través de la educación. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo y cualitativo, del tipo relato de experiencia, realizado durante las actividades de Práctica Supervisada I, del curso de Licenciatura en Enfermería, de una universidad del interior de Bahía, en una escuela pública municipal del interior de Bahía, en junio de 2022. Principales resultados: Los alumnos no mostraron vergüenza con el tema y se mostraron participativos, sin embargo, algunos alumnos presentaron una postura de desinterés en relación a la seriedad del tema abordado. Se notó que tienen conocimientos previos sobre el tema de la salud sexual y reproductiva. Sin embargo, aún tienen dudas sobre la transmisión de Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual (ITS), lo que contribuye al aumento de la ocurrencia de estas enfermedades en esta población. Conclusiones: Por lo tanto, se destaca la importancia de la PSE y de la actuación de la enfermera para la educación sexual, lo que se refleja en la calidad de vida de los adolescentes, así como en la prevención de riesgos y daños a su salud.

Lipase Activity in the Larval Midgut of Rhynchophorus palmarum: Biochemical Characterization and the Effects of Reducing Agents.

Lipases have key roles in insect lipid acquisition, storage, and mobilization and are also fundamental to many physiological processes in insects. Lipids are an important component of insect diets, where they are hydrolyzed in the midgut lumen, absorbed, and used for the synthesis of complex lipids. The South American palm weevil Rhynchophorus palmarum is one of the most important pests on commercial palm plantations. However, there are few studies about lipid digestion for this insect. In this work, we have described the biochemical characterization of the lipase activity in the posterior midgut of the R. palmarum palm weevil. Lipase activity was highest between the temperatures of 37 °C and 45 °C and at pH 6.5. Lipase activity was also sensitive to variations in salt and calcium concentrations. Lipases have been described structurally as enzymes with the Ser-His-Asp Catalytic Triad, containing an active serine. The serine protease inhibitor PMSF (phenylmethane sulfonyl fluoride) inhibited the lipases from R. palmarum, demonstrating the importance of a serine residue for this activity. The ability of the lipases to hydrolyze p-Nitrophenyl esters with different chain lengths has revealed the activities of a broad range of substrates. The lipase activities of R. palmarum increased in the presence of reduced glutathione (GSH) and dithiothreitol (DTT), while in the presence of oxidized glutathione (GSSG), activities were drastically reduced. To our knowledge, this study has provided the first information about lipase activity in the R. palmarum palm weevil.

Interaction between bioactive compound 11a-N-tosyl-5-deoxi-pterocarpan (LQB-223) and Calf thymus DNA: Spectroscopic approach, electrophoresis and theoretical studies.

The interaction of small molecules with DNA has been quite important, since this biomolecule is currently the major target for a wide range of drugs in clinical use or advanced clinical research phase. Thus, the present work aimed to assess the interaction process between the bioactive compound 11a-N-tosyl-5-carba-pterocarpan, (LQB-223), that presents antitumor activity, with DNA, employing spectroscopic techniques, electrophoresis, viscosity and theoretical studies. Through UV-vis and molecular fluorescence spectroscopy, it was possible to infer that the preferential quenching mechanism was static, characterized by non-fluorescent supramolecular complex formation between the LQB-223 and DNA. The binding constant was 1.94∙103Lmol-1 (30°C) and, according to the thermodynamic parameters, the main forces involved in the interaction process are hydrophobic. Potassium iodide assay, competition with ethidium bromide, fluorescence contact energy transfer and melting temperature profile of DNA were employed to evaluate the binding mode. Except for KI assay, all results obtained indicated minor groove as the preferential binding mode of LQB-223 to DNA. These observations were supported by ionic strength assay, viscosity and molecular dynamics and docking studies. Finally, electrophoresis analysis demonstrated that the interaction does not promote DNA fragmentation, but it leads to variation in the migration profile after increasing the ligand concentration.

Ventilação mecânica em pacientes com esclerose lateral amiotrófica: revisão de literatura e reflexão / Mechanical ventilation in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: literature review and reflection / Ventilación mecánica en pacientes con esclerosis lateral amiotrófica: revisión de la literatura y reflexión

Objetivo: avaliar a importância da fisioterapia respiratória por meio da ventilação mecânica (invasiva ou não invasiva) dada a aplicabilidade e importância dessa prática no trato com a esclerose lateral amiotrófica. Método: foi elaborada uma revisão da literatura através de pesquisa bibliográfica em diversas bases de dados que versam sobre o tema. Resultados: Na fisioterapia respiratória não-invasiva, se usam ventiladores e máscara sem necessidade de intervenção cirúrgica, já a ventilação mecânica invasiva consiste principalmente na realização da traqueostomia. Conclusão: não há uma regra efetiva sobre qual o tipo de ventilação mecânica é mais adequada na lida de pacientes com esclerose lateral amiotrófica. No entanto, pôde se observar que se aplica a ventilação mecânica não invasiva geralmente no estágio inicial da doença e a partir do momento em que o paciente perde a autonomia respiratória passa-se a utilizar a ventilação mecânica invasiva. É consenso também que cabe ao paciente e à família, devidamente esclarecidos, optar ou não pela ventilação mecânica, e por uma ou outra modalidade

Objective: to evaluate the importance of respiratory physiotherapy through mechanical ventilation (invasive or non-invasive), given the applicability and importance of this practice without treatment with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Method: a literature review was carried out through bibliographic research in several databases dealing with the topic. Results: In non-invasive respiratory physiotherapy, ventilators and a mask are used without the need for surgical intervention, whereas invasive mechanical ventilation consists mainly of performing a tracheostomy. Conclusion: there is no effective rule on which type of mechanical ventilation is most appropriate in dealing with patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, it was observed that non-invasive mechanical ventilation is generally applied in the initial stage of the disease and from the moment the patient loses respiratory autonomy, invasive mechanical ventilation is used. There is also a consensus that it is up to the patient and family, duly clarified, to choose mechanical ventilation or not, and one or the other modality

Objetivo: evaluar la importancia de la fisioterapia respiratoria a través de la ventilación mecánica (invasiva o no invasiva) dada la aplicabilidad y la importancia de esta práctica en el tratamiento de la esclerosis lateral amiotrófica. Método: Tres muestras de yugo de caña de azúcar de establecimientos distribuidos en diferentes regiones del Distrito Federal. Todos los experimentos se llevaron a cabo utilizando el método de sedimentación y se analizaron por triplicado. El análisis de los resultados se realizó con la ayuda de microscopía óptica, para investigar la presencia de humanos, quistes, ooquistes y otras formas evolutivas parasitarias. Resultados: En todos los casos, existe la presencia de algún tipo de contaminación, con levaduras registradas en el 100% de los casos, en 50% Entamoeba sp., 10% Taenia sp., 10% Giardia sp. y en 10% Ascaris sp. Conclusión: es posible observar una ineficiencia en las prácticas higiénico-sanitarias de los establecimientos responsables del procesamiento y del molino de vegetales, lo que permite la contaminación en la mayoría de las mujeres. Esta contaminación puede causar diferentes tipos de enfermedades en humanos, particularmente ofreciendo más riesgo a las personas inmunocomprometidas, lo que requiere un monitoreo más efectivo de este tipo de alimentos, así como su distribución.

Effects of high fat diet on kidney lipid content and the Na, K-ATPase activity

ABSTRACT It is widely known that high fat diet (HFD) can contribute to the advent of health problems. Recent studies have indicated that obesity imposes a hemodynamic overload to the kidneys. In order to further investigate such injuries, two groups of six Swiss mice each were fed with a controlled AIN93G diet or a high fat (AIN93G modified) diet for eight weeks. Blood samples were collected to determine the hormonal, lipid profile, glucose, urea, and creatinine levels. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis were carried out to analysis the kidney damage. Fractions of renal membranes were prepared to assess the Na,K-ATPase activity, lipid peroxidation, total cholesterol, and phospholipid content. The results indicated that the blood lipid profile, urea and creatinine was not altered by the HFD. On the other hand, it was observed in HFD diet mice elevated glucose blood levels along with an augment on insulin and a decrease on corticosterone release. HFD provoked a reduction in the diameter of the convoluted tubules and cell volume in Bowman's capsule and an increased number of positive cells with Na,K-ATPase, but reduced the Na,K-ATPase activity and the cholesterol content in the kidney cell membrane but favored the lipid peroxidation.

Dor em pacientes submetidos à hernioplastia / Pain in patients subjected to hernioplasty

Objetivo: caracterizar o perfil dos pacientes submetidos à hernioplastia. Método: estudo descritivo,transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvido no Hospital da Universidade Federal de Sergipe com50 pacientes, após a aprovação do Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Sergipe, CAAE –0353.0.107.000-11. Os dados foram digitados no software SPSS versão 18.0. Resultado: identificou-se que 66%dos pacientes pertenciam ao gênero masculino, a faixa etária mais frequente foi entre 30 a 39 anos, 50% deleseram solteiros e 20% dos pacientes já haviam realizados herniorrafia anteriormente. Quanto à queixa de dor,32% dos entrevistados apresentaram dor moderada e 6% intensa. A incisão cirúrgica foi o local de maior queixadolorosa em 62% dos entrevistados e a dificuldade para deambulação foi a principal consequência da dor em34% dos pacientes. Em 78% dos prontuários não havia registro da dor. Conclusão: o manejo inadequado dofenômeno doloroso representa um grave problema para os pacientes submetidos à hernioplastia.